Turn! Turn! Turn!

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Turn! Turn! Turn! (to Everything There Is a Season)
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This article is about the song. For the Byrds album, see Turn! Turn! Turn! (album). For other uses, see Turn, Turn, Turn.

"Turn! Turn! Turn!", also known as or subtitled "To Everything There Is a Season", is a song written by Pete Seeger in 1959.[1] The lyrics – except for the title, which is repeated throughout the song, and the final two lines – consist of the first eight verses of the third chapter of the biblical Book of Ecclesiastes. The song was originally released in 1962 as "To Everything There Is a Season" on the folk group the Limeliters' album Folk Matinee, and then some months later on Seeger's own The Bitter and the Sweet.[2]

The song became an international hit in late 1965 when it was adapted by the American

UK Singles Chart.[3]

Lyrics

The lyrics are taken almost verbatim from the book of Ecclesiastes, as found in the

King Solomon who would have written it in the 10th century BC, but believed by a significant group of biblical scholars to date much later, up to the third century BC:[5]

To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven:
A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted;
A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up;
A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance;
A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together;
A time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing;
A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away;
A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak;
A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace.

The Biblical text posits there being a time and place for all things: birth and death, killing and healing, sorrow and laughter, war and peace, and so on. The lines are open to myriad interpretations, but Seeger's song presents them as a plea for world peace with the closing line: "a time for peace, I swear it's not too late." This line and the title phrase "Turn! Turn! Turn!" are the only parts of the lyric written by Seeger himself.[2]

In 1999, Seeger arranged for 45% of the songwriting royalties for "Turn! Turn! Turn!" to be donated to the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions.[6] He kept 50% of the royalties for his own music and took a further 5% for the lyrics because, in Seeger's own words, "[in addition to the music] I did write six words and one more word repeated three times."[6][nb 1] Seeger's handwritten lyrics to the song were among documents donated to New York University by the Communist Party USA in March 2007.[7]

The song is notable for being one of a few instances in

Sister Janet Mead's "The Lord's Prayer", U2's "40", Sinéad O'Connor's "Psalm 33" and Cliff Richard's "The Millennium Prayer". Since Ecclesiastes is traditionally ascribed to King Solomon in the 10th century BC, the Byrds' 1965 recording of the song holds the distinction in the U.S. of being the number 1 hit with the oldest lyrics.[citation needed
]

The song was published in illustrated book form by Simon & Schuster in September 2003, with an accompanying CD which contained both Seeger's and the Byrds' recordings of the song. Wendy Anderson Halperin created a set of detailed illustrations for each set of opposites which are reminiscent of mandalas.[8] The book also includes the Ecclesiastes text from the King James version of the Bible.[9]

Renditions

Early folk versions

The song was first released by the

Judy Collins 3.[2] Collins' recording of the song was retitled as "Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season)", a title that would be retained by the Byrds, though it was shortened to "Turn! Turn! Turn!" on the front cover of the album of the same name and the song became generally known by the shorter version, appearing as such on most later Byrds compilations.[11]

In 1963 Marlene Dietrich recorded "Für alles kommt die Zeit (Glaub', Glaub)", Max Colpet's German translation of the song. Dietrich was backed by a Burt Bacharach conducted studio orchestra, and the song was released as a single.[12][13] Australian folk singer Gary Shearston also recorded a version of the song for his 1964 album Songs of Our Time, with the title "Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season)".[14]

The Byrds' version

"Turn! Turn! Turn!"
West German picture sleeve
Single by the Byrds
from the album Turn! Turn! Turn!
B-side"She Don't Care About Time"
ReleasedOctober 1, 1965
RecordedSeptember 1, 10 and 14–16, 1965
StudioColumbia, Hollywood
GenreFolk rock, jangle pop
Length3:49
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)Pete Seeger (words from the Book of Ecclesiastes)
Producer(s)Terry Melcher
The Byrds singles chronology
"All I Really Want to Do"
(1965) 		"Turn! Turn! Turn!"
(1965) 		"Set You Free This Time" / "It Won't Be Wrong"
(1966)
Audio
"Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season)" on
YouTube

"Turn! Turn! Turn!" was adapted by

UK Singles Chart.[16][17] The B-side of the single was band member Gene Clark's original composition, "She Don't Care About Time".[15]

In 2001, the 1965 recording of the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[18]

"Turn! Turn! Turn!" had first been arranged by the Byrds'

takes, spread over five days of recording, to complete.[22][23]

Music journalist William Ruhlmann has pointed out that the song's plea for peace and tolerance struck a nerve with the American record buying public as the

Cash Box described it as a "tip-top version" of Seeger's original and said that the Byrds read "the lyrical folk item in an appropriate emotion-packed style."[25] Pete Seeger expressed his approval of the Byrds' rendering of the song.[26]

During 1965 and 1966, the band performed the song on the television programs

Hollywood A Go-Go, Shindig!, The Ed Sullivan Show, and Where the Action Is, as well as in the concert film, The Big T.N.T. Show.[27] Additionally, the song would go on to become a staple of the Byrds' live concert repertoire, until their final disbandment in 1973.[28] The song was also performed live by a reformed line-up of the Byrds featuring Roger McGuinn, David Crosby and Chris Hillman in January 1989.[29] In addition to its appearance on the Turn! Turn! Turn! album, the song also appears on several Byrds' compilations, including The Byrds' Greatest Hits, History of The Byrds, The Original Singles: 1965–1967, Volume 1, The Byrds, 20 Essential Tracks From The Boxed Set: 1965-1990, The Very Best of The Byrds, The Essential Byrds and There Is a Season.[2]

The recording has been featured in numerous movies and TV shows, including 1983's Heart Like a Wheel, 1994's Forrest Gump,[30] and 2002's In America.[31][32] Following Joe Cocker's cover of "With a Little Help from My Friends", the song was the first to be played in the initial episode of the television series The Wonder Years.[33] It was also used in a Wonder Years parody, during The Simpsons episode "Three Men and a Comic Book".[34] In 2003, it was used in the closing sequence of the Cold Case episode "A Time to Hate" (Season One, episode 7) and for the closing credits of episode 3 of Ken Burns and Lynn Novick's 2017 documentary The Vietnam War.[35]

Personnel

Chart history

Weekly charts

The Byrds

Other cover versions

The song has been covered by many other artists:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In a 2002 interview with Acoustic Guitar magazine, Pete Seeger said, "All around the world, songs are being written that use old public domain material, and I think it's only fair that some of the money from the songs go to the country or place of origin, even though the composer may be long dead or unknown. With 'Turn, Turn, Turn' I wanted to send 45 percent, because [in addition to the music] I did write six words and one more word repeated three times, so I figured I'd keep five percent of the royalties for the words. I was going to send it to London, where I am sure the committee that oversees the use of the King James version exists, and they probably could use a little cash. But then I realized, why not send it to where the words were originally written?"

References

  1. ISBN 9781933237398
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Turn! Turn! Turn! – Byrds Version". AllMusic. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
  3. ^ a b "Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. November 17, 1965. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  4. ^ "King Solomon's Writings". United Church of God: An International Association. February 17, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  5. ^ "About the Book of Ecclesiastes – its author, date and purpose". Usefulbible.com. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  6. ^ a b Hasson, Nir (November 8, 2009). "Pete Seeger's role in ending Israeli house demolitions". Haaretz. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
  7. ^ Cohen, Patricia (March 20, 2007). "Communist Party USA Gives Its History to N.Y.U." The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
  8. ^ TURN! TURN! TURN! | Kirkus Reviews.
  9. ^ "TURN! TURN! TURN! by Pete Seeger". www.publishersweekly.com. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
  10. ^ "Folk Matinee review". AllMusic. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
  11. ^ "Byrds Compilations". Richard Russell's Byrdmaniax Discography Pages. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
  12. ^ "Release, Für alles kommt die Zeit (Glaub', glaub')". Discogs. 1963. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  13. ^ "45.com Record Details, Für alles kommt die Zeit (Glaub', glaub')". Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  14. ^ "Gary Shearston – Songs of Our Time". garyshearston.com. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
  15. ^
    ISBN 0-9529540-1-X
    .
  16. ISBN 978-0-89820-172-7
    .
  17. ISBN 0-7119-7670-8
    .
  18. ^ https://www.grammy.com/awards/hall-of-fame-award#t
  19. ^ Fricke, David (1996). Turn! Turn! Turn! (1996 CD liner notes).
  20. ISBN 978-1-906002-15-2
    .
  21. ^
    ISBN 0-9529540-1-X
    .
  22. ^ Hyde, Bob (1987). Never Before (1989 CD liner notes).
  23. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X
    .
  24. ^ "Spotlight Singles" (PDF). Billboard. December 18, 1965. p. 22. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  25. ^ "CashBox Record Reviews" (PDF). Cash Box. October 16, 1965. p. 10. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  26. ^ Show 33 – Revolt of the Fat Angel: American musicians respond to the British invaders. [Part 1] : UNT Digital Library
  27. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X
    .
  28. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X
    .
  29. ^ "The Byrds Bootleg CD List". Byrds Flyte. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  30. Internet Movie Database
    . Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  31. Internet Movie Database
    . Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  32. ^ "In America Soundtrack review". AllMusic. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  33. ^ "The Wonder Years: Music From Each Episode". The Wonder Years fansite. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  34. ^ "Mmm...Television: A study of the audience of The Simpsons". The Simpsons Archive. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  35. Consequence of Sound. WordPress.com
    . Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  36. ISBN 951-31-2503-3
    .
  37. ^ "Flavour of New Zealand, 30 December 1965". Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  38. ^
    ISBN 0-89820-089-X
  39. ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, December 4, 1965
  40. ^ a b "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. December 13, 1969. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  41. ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. October 3, 1970. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  42. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 55.
  43. ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, December 27, 1969
  44. ISBN 0-89820-142-X
    .
  45. ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 24, 1966
  46. ^ "Mary Hopkin biography". BBC. November 19, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  47. ^ "Mary Hopkin - Those Were The Days / Turn Turn Turn". Discogs. 1968. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  48. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 55.
  49. ^ "Wilson Phillips - California". Discogs. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  50. ^ "Our Country - Soundtrack Credits". IMDb.com. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  51. ^ "Laco Lučenič – Komplet". Discogs.com. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  52. ^ Craig Shelburne (September 17, 2014). ""Turn! Turn! Turn!" Returns in New Feature Film". Cmtedge.com. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  53. ^ "No seu quintal • Banda Resgate". Banda Resgate (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved November 25, 2019.

External links

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