Turpan Depression
42°47′N 89°20′E / 42.78°N 89.34°E
| Turpan Depression | ||
|---|---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin Tǔlǔfán Péndì | | |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Latin Yëziqi | Turpan Oymanliqi |
| Siril Yëziqi | Турпан Ойманлиқи |
The Turpan Depression or Turfan Depression, is a
By some measures, it is also the hottest and driest area in China during the summer.[2]Geology and relief
The Turpan Basin is a fault-bounded trough located in the eastern part of the Tian Shan. It covers an area of 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi). The surrounding mountain ranges are: the central Tian Shan in the west, the Bogda Shan in the north-west, the Haerlike Shan in the north-west, and the Jueluotage Shan in the south. Beyond the surrounding mountain ranges lie the Junggar Basin in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south.
Some geographers also use the term Turpan-Hami Basin, which is understood as including the Turpan Depression along with the
The Turpan Basin formed in a
Also in the center of the basin lies the Ayding Lake (Moonlight Lake) which has an elevation of 154.5 m (507 ft) below sea level, the sixth lowest exposed elevation on the Earth's land surface. It is the lowest surface point in China.
The Shihongtan uranium ore deposit is located at the southwestern margin of the Turpan Depression, some 35 km (22 mi) south-southwest from Turpan City.[3]
History of human settlement
The ancient city of
The modern city of
Climate
The Turpan Basin has a harsh, continental desert climate (Koppen BWk) in which the precipitation is far less than the potential evaporation. At Turpan City, July is the hottest month with a 24-hour average temperature of 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) and January the coldest with a 24-hour average temperature of −7.6 °C (18.3 °F). Monthly rainfall is highest in June, at 2.9 millimetres (0.11 in) and lowest in February and April, at 0.5 mm (0.020 in). The annual average precipitation is only 15.7 mm (0.62 in), falling on only 13 days per year. In contrast to this, the potential annual evaporation rate reaches 3,000 mm (120 in).[citation needed] Because of its climate, the area is sometimes counted as one of the Furnaces of China, although the locations included under this heading vary.
| Climate data for Turpan (elevation 39 m (128 ft), 1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
43.6 (110.5) |
47.6 (117.7) |
49.1 (120.4) |
47.8 (118.0) |
43.4 (110.1) |
34.3 (93.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
9.6 (49.3) |
49.1 (120.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
38.8 (101.8) |
40.5 (104.9) |
39.0 (102.2) |
32.6 (90.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
10.3 (50.5) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.7 (19.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
11.6 (52.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
31.2 (88.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.3 (13.5) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
5.9 (42.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
10.2 (50.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.9 (−20.0) |
−24.5 (−12.1) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−28.9 (−20.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.9 (0.04) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.7 (0.03) |
0.9 (0.04) |
1.0 (0.04) |
2.6 (0.10) |
2.0 (0.08) |
2.0 (0.08) |
1.4 (0.06) |
1.2 (0.05) |
0.6 (0.02) |
0.9 (0.04) |
14.7 (0.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 12.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 6.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
56 | 40 | 25 | 23 | 25 | 27 | 30 | 31 | 35 | 45 | 50 | 56 | 37 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 121.8 | 172.0 | 234.2 | 263.7 | 308.4 | 301.6 | 303.3 | 299.6 | 273.5 | 238.6 | 163.7 | 108.2 | 2,788.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 41 | 57 | 62 | 65 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 71 | 74 | 71 | 57 | 39 | 61 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[5][6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: [8] | |||||||||||||
Vegetation and agriculture
On the shores of
Sources
- Lei, Shao; Statteggerb, Karl; Wenhou, Lic; Haupt, Bernd J. (1999). "Depositional style and subsidence history of the Turpan Basin (NW China)". Sedimentary Geology. 128 (1–2): 155–169. .
- Allen, M.B.; Sengör, A.M.C.; Natal'in, B.A. (1995). "Junggar, Turpan and Alakol basins as Late Permian to Early Triassic extensional structures in a sinistral shear zone in the Altaid orogenic collage, Central Asia". Journal of the Geological Society. 152 (2): 327–338. S2CID 128482060.
Notes
- ^
After the Afar Depressionwithin the accuracy of reported measurements (−155 m to −153 m). "NASA - Bogda Mountains". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
- ^ "If you can stand the heat, then the Turpan Basin is the place to be". Shanghai Daily. April 5, 2010. Archived from the original on April 7, 2010.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-540-78557-6
- ^ a b S. Frederick Starr (ed.). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland: China's Muslim Borderland. Routledge. p. 266.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". Retrieved 2010-08-28.