Twycross Zoo

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Twycross Zoo
Twycross Zoo Logo
The zoo entrance, on the A444
Date opened	1963
Location	Norton Grange, Norton Juxta Twycross, Leicestershire, England
Land area	80 acres (32 ha)
No. of animals	900+[1]
No. of species	150+[1]
Memberships	BIAZA, EAZA, WAZA
Major exhibits	Home of the 4 Great Apes, Chimpanzee Eden, Gibbon Forest, Primates, Birds, Mammals, Lorikeet Landing, Monkeys, Amur Leopards, Snow Leopards, Sumatran Tigers, Eastern Black Rhino, Giraffe Savannah
Website	www.twycrosszoo.org

Twycross Zoo is a medium to large zoo near Norton Juxta Twycross, Leicestershire. The zoo has the largest collection of monkeys and apes in the Western World, and in 2006 re-launched itself as "Twycross Zoo – The World Primate Centre".

History

Twycross Zoo was established by Molly Badham and Nathalie Evans in 1963. The pair had been looking for a suitable site to expand their zoological collection, having outgrown their original site at Hints, Staffordshire where they had set up Hints Zoological Gardens in 1954.^[2] The zoo was initially based at the former rectory in the village of Norton Juxta Twycross. Having long since ceased functioning as a rectory, the house became a private residence known as Norton Grange. Badham and Evans converted the 12 acres of gardens, outbuildings, stables and farm buildings into a zoo.

The zoo first opened to the public on 26 May 1963. The opening ceremony was performed by Jean Morton, a local television personality, accompanied by her popular children's TV puppet show characters Tingha and Tucker.^[3]

In 1972 the zoo became a charitable trust and is renowned as a specialist primate centre with a wide variety of primates including all four types of great ape, boasting the UK's only group of bonobo. Twycross Zoo has become known for breeding primates and has recorded first UK births for thirteen different species including the bonobo, siamang, agile gibbon and woolly monkey, contributing to numerous conservation breeding programmes.

In 2000, Badham and Evans co-wrote Molly's Zoo, a book telling the story of the zoo's history.^[4]

Molly Badham

Molly Badham was an expert in primates in captivity and highly regarded for her work with chimpanzees. Molly achieved many world firsts during her leadership, from breeding animals successfully through to being a founder member of the National Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland.

Badham provided chimpanzees for

Conservation Way is home to a family of critically endangered Amur leopards, the world's rarest big cats. In June 2014, female Kristen gave birth to cubs Arina and Alexei after joining Twycross-born male Davidoff in 2013 as part of a European Association of Zoos and Aquariums breeding programme.

Endangered siamangs can also be found in Conservation Way, along with an enclosure for Chapman's zebras.

In 2013, the zoo's meerkat enclosure was renovated to give them almost double the space that they had previously. Their new enclosure boasts a tall artificial termite mound upon which the meerkats like to do 'sentry duty'. Ground level windows also enable young children better views of the meerkats.

Wet and Wild

This zone is home to

Life in the Trees exhibits a number of different species of both Old and New World monkeys, including black-headed spider monkeys, brown spider monkeys and De Brazza's monkeys to name just a few.

Twycross Zoo has one of the largest range of gibbons in Europe and these small apes can be seen in Gibbon Forest. There are currently four different species of gibbon living here, including northern white-cheeked gibbons, pileated gibbons, siamangs and agile gibbons. Gibbon Forest is also home to several smaller vivariums which house different reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates.

Life in the Trees houses Bornean orangutans. In 2014, a termite mound was built in the orangutan enclosure which is used as enrichment, as the holes in the mound can be filled with various different items for the orangutans to extract using tools that they prepare from branches and twigs.

Gruffalo Discovery Land

In 2021, the

Butterfly Paradise is a 600 m² walk-through exhibit and was designed by Twycross Zoo staff. Visitors follow a winding path through a heavily planted setting where they can see different butterflies and witness the life cycle, from chrysalis to butterfly in the dedicated hatching cabinets. Victoria crowned pigeons and other tropical birds can also be found inside.

Himalaya

The free to enter Himalaya Visitor Centre was opened in 2010 and is the entrance to the zoo. The zoo's main gift shop and 300-seat restaurant is located here. The restaurant overlooks a Himalayan mountain scene which is the enclosure for a family of endangered snow leopards.

Twycross Zoo's conference facilities are also found here, with the 100-capacity windows on the Wild Conference room. Windows on the Wild is used regularly for both corporate and social functions.

Nature Reserve

Twycross Zoo has its very own Nature Reserve which is free to enter. This large reserve provides a safe and secure home for native bats, birds, insects and small mammals.

Education

Twycross Zoo is home to an award-winning education department.^[2] Amongst others, the zoo holds the Learning Outside the Classroom Quality Badge, all sessions are curriculum linked and all are designed to best engage all age groups.

The zoo teaches over 15,000 school children per year^[2] in their Study Centre.

Conservation and breeding

In 2006 Twycross Zoo established the Conservation Welfare Fund to make a positive contribution to animal conservation and improve animal welfare worldwide.

Since its creation it has contributed to over 55 conservation and welfare projects from 27 different countries around the world. As well as financial support Twycross Zoo provides expertise in animal and veterinary care, enclosure construction and design and behavioural welfare.

Twycross Zoo currently supports the following conservation projects:

• Fauna and Flora International for their Cao Vit Gibbon Project
• Ape Action Africa to support the work of the ape sanctuary in Cameroon
• Wildlife Vets International for work with Amur leopards in the Russian Far East
• Friends of Bonobos with continued support for the world's only bonobo sanctuary: Lola ya Bonobo
• The Association Européenne pour l’Etude et la Conservation des Lémuriens (AEECL) for research, community and conservation work on Madagascar's endangered lemur habitat
• Awely for their community education team the Greencaps working in bonobo territory in the Congo

In February 2014 Twycross Zoo partnered with the United Nations Great Ape Survival Partnership to assist them in their goal to ensure the long-term survival of great apes and their habitat in Africa and Asia.

Twycross Zoo is a member of

In June 2014, two critically endangered Amur leopard cubs were born. The father, Davidoff, was one of two Amur cubs born at the zoo in 2006.^[7]

In October 2014, a baby vicuña (a member of the camel family) was born at the zoo.^[8]

Allowing re-introduction of hybrid tiger controversy

Tara, a hand-reared supposedly Bengal tigress acquired from Twycross Zoo in July 1976, was trained by Billy Arjan Singh and reintroduced to the wild in Dudhwa National Park, India with the permission of India's then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, in an attempt to prove the experts wrong that zoo-bred hand-reared tigers could never be released in the wild with success. In the 1990s, some tigers from Dhudhwa were observed which had the typical appearance of Siberian tigers: white complexion, pale fur, large head and wide stripes. With recent advances in science it was subsequently found that Siberian tigers' genes had polluted the otherwise pure Bengal tiger gene pool of Dudhwa National Park. It was proved later that Twycross Zoo had been irresponsible and maintained no breeding records, and had given India a hybrid Siberian-Bengal tigress instead, although at the time, and taking into account information received regarding all of the tigers kept at Twycross Zoo, it was believed that Tara was a pure Bengal tiger at that time. Dudhwa tigers constitute about 1% of India's total wild population, but the possibility exists of this genetic pollution spreading to other tiger groups; at its worst, this could jeopardize the Bengal tiger as a distinct subspecies.

With the advent of co-ordinated breeding programmes for numerous species help in captivity and standardised electronic animal record keeping systems (ARKS), it is now possible to track the different subspecies that are managed and ensure that these are managed as pure subspecies. Twycross Zoo is now recognised as having a database of the animals in its care, both current and historically, that is comparable to any major zoological garden worldwide.

References

Citations

Sources

• Bell, Catharine, ed. (2001). Encyclopedia of the World's Zoos, Volume 1. Taylor & Francis.
  ISBN 978-1-579-58174-9
  .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twycross Zoo.

• Official website