Tympanal organ

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Tympanal organ on the tibia of the katydid Zabalius aridus
Tympanal organ of two species of moths, ventral view of abdomen (Tineidae and Pyralidae)

A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in

insects, consisting of a membrane (tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons.[1] Sounds vibrate the membrane, and the vibrations are sensed by a chordotonal organ. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants, etc.) do not have a tympanal organ,[2] but they do have a Johnston's organ
.

Tympanal organs occur in just about any part of the insect: the

Geometridae share distinctive paired abdominal tympanal organs that open towards the front side of the first abdominal segment.[4] Within the organ, particular structures vary in shape and are used to indicate shared ancestry of subfamilies. In other families of Lepidoptera
having abdominal tympanal organs, the opening may be in a different orientation and the structures differ in shape.

Tympanal organs have evolved in Lepidoptera to allow them to detect the echolocation calls of predatory bats. The range of frequencies that the moth is most sensitive to is usually associated with the frequencies used in echolocation by the sympatric bat community.[5] In the presence of predatory bats, it has been shown that the Lepidoptera species Mythimna unipuncta (true armyworm) stops mating behaviors, such as female calling and male wing flapping.[6] As well, hearing is important for mating behaviors in this species because females increase their flapping frequency around males and males produce a trembling noise in response.[7]

See also

References

  1. PMID 15252876
    .
  2. ^ "A Closer Look: Sound Generation and Hearing - Bee Culture". 22 February 2016.
  3. ISBN 978-3-642-40461-0. Retrieved 2017-11-09. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help
    )
  4. ISSN 1365-3113
    .
  5. PMID 23913945
    .
  6. ^ Acharya, L. “Predation Risk and Mating Behavior: the Responses of Moths to Bat-like Ultrasound.” Behavioral Ecology, vol. 9, no. 6, 1 Jan. 1998, pp. 552–558., doi:10.1093/beheco/9.6.552.
  7. ^ Fitzpatrick, Sheila M., and Jeremy N. Mcneil. “Male Scent In Lepidopteran Communication: The Role Of Male Pheromone In Mating Behaviour Of Pseudaletia Unipuncta (Haw.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).” Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, vol. 120, no. S146, 1988, pp. 131–151., doi:10.4039/entm120146131-1.

Scoble, MJ. (1992). The Lepidoptera: Form, function, and diversity. Oxford Univ. Press.

ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1
.

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