Type B videotape

1–inch type B

The tape speed allowed 96 minutes on a large reel (later 120 minutes), and used 2 record/playback (R/P) heads on the drum rotating at 9,000 RPM with a 190-degree wrap around a very small head drum, recording 52 video lines per head segment. A single video frame or field was recorded across 6 tracks in the tape. The format only allowed for play, rewind and fast forward.[5] Video is recorded on an FM signal with a bandwidth of 5.5 MHz. Three longitudinal audio tracks are recorded on the tape as well: two audio and one Linear timecode (LTC) track.^[6][7][8] BCN 50 VTRs were used at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.^[9]

The format required an optional, and costly, digital framestore in addition to the normal analog

Echo Science Corporation, a United States company, made units like a BCN 1 for the U.S. military for a short time in the 1970s. Echo Science models were Pilot 1, Echo 460, Pilot 260.[13]^[14][15]

Models introduced

• BCR (BCR-40, BCR-50 and BCR-60) was a pre BCN VTR, made jointly with Philips, the large scanner made it not useful.^[16]
• BCN-40 (1976, record unit with no
  TBC playback)^[17]
• BCN-50 (1976, recorder with TBC playback)[18]
• BCN-20 (1976, one hour, portable with no TBC playback)^[19][20]
• BCWQ ("L" Unit for BCN20/21, added TBC playback to the portable units)
• Effects control option for digital framestore, for freeze frame, quad split and mirror effects (early digital Special effects).
• BNC-51 (recorder with TBC playback, optional Slow motion and visible shuttle)
• BCN-5 (261⁄2 pound, portable cart recorder, 40 min)^[21][22][23]
• BCN-100 (random access 32 multicassette machine, up to 16 hours rec/playback-20 min per tape) Each unit had 3 tape desks with a 21 sec load time each cart. For on air playback and 3 deck editing system^[24][25][26]
• BCN-52 (recorder with Digital TBC playback, with slow motion & visible shuttle)
• BCN-21 (lightweight reel to reel portable with no TBC playback, first Composite material VTR)^[27][28][29]
• BCN-53 (recorder with Digital TBC playback, with slow motion & visible shuttle)^[30][31]
• HR-400: RCA also sold the BCN-50 as an HR-400.^[32]

Special BCN units

• Ruxton Video in
  TVs had no flicker when seen on film, due to the film-compatible frame rate. In 1981, Bill Hogan of Ruxton Ltd received an Academy Award for Technical Achievement for his 24frame TV work.^[33][34]
• Image Transform in
  post production for film nowadays) using a film recorder for Film out. Electronovision was also a pre-process like Image Vision. Merlin Engineering also worked on the BCN's wide bandwidth, 10 MHz, BCN modification.^[37][38]
• Bell and Howell (later Rank Video Services) used special BCNs for mass VHS duplication. These specially-modified BCN VTRs could play back movies at two times the normal speed. In addition, the sync signals were also at two times speed as well. For proper playback, the headwheel and capstan also ran at twice normal speed. Specially modified VHS recorders could record this video. In doing this, the duplication plant could output twice the product than normal videocassette duplicating systems.^[39][40][41]

• Bell and Howell's Data Tape division in Pasadena, California modified BCNs to record high speed data for instrumentation purposes. These instrumentation recordings were mostly used by US government agencies, such as for NASA on the Space Shuttle. This unit could record data from up to 800 sensors.^[42][43][44]
• Because of the small scanner, BCNs could record even at high
  Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid (1980) and in Sarajevo (1984).^[45]
• Some users modified BCNs to fit 2-hour reels of tape on the BCN, so complete 2-hour movies could fit on one reel of tape. Bosch later made this a factory option, and was designated as BCN LP.
• Bosch also offered SLP BCN, a "long-play" variant of the format. It moved the tape at 1/3 speed so that up to 6 hours could be recorded one reel. The unit has a special
  head wheel with azimuth head. This was mostly used for time zone
  tape delay by television networks. With a head wheel change and a switch the unit could be returned to normal play.
• Between 1977 and 1980 the UK Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) experimented with a B format machine as part of their researches into digital video broadcasting standards. In April 1980 a machine was exhibited at a meeting of the EBU Technical Committee in London as part of a complete digital studio system based on a proposed video standard based on YUV 12.4.4. The machine is described in a paper in the IBA Technical Review of March 1982 which can be found here [46] by scrolling down to the item IBA_TechnicalReviews1-24""
• One of the first
  D1 VTR standard. In 1985 and 1986 in a Rennes experimental digital studio in France, an experimental all-digital television center was made, it used the two all digital BCN units.^[47][48][49]
• The BCH 1000 is an analog high-definition television VTR that records and playbacks HD-MAC at 50 frames per second, each at a resolution of 2048×1152. The BCH 1000 was used in the 1992 Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona and 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. It used 8 video heads to handle the increased bandwidth requirements of HD-MAC, due to its high resolution.^{[50][51][52][53]}

• 
  BCN 51 VTR
• 
  BCN 52 VTR
• 
  Broadcast Television Systems Inc. (BTS) BCH-1000 HDTV HD-MAC B VTR
• 
  BCN 20 VTR with "L unit" playback with TBC.
• 
  BCN 20 VTR hand held VTR recorder.

Specifications

• 1 Inch open reel to reel analog video system.
• Video scanner rotation 9600 rpm, 150 rps.
• 52 horizontal lines per head.
• Video FM signal at a bandwidth of 5,5 MHz
• Three analog audio tracks: 2 audio tracks and 1 linear timecode track, 0.8mm wide - 30 mils
• One analog control track 0.4mm wide - 15 mils, built into video scanner head.
• Magnetic tape coating on the outside of the videotape reel.
• Studio reel 96 minutes, later 120 minutes
• Portable reel 60 minutes
• Cart reel 20 minutes (BCN5 - BCN100)
• Video scanner wrap 190 deg.
• Video scanner dia. 50.3mm, 2 inches
• Video track length 3.1 inches, 80mm
• Video track gap 40 um, 1.5 mils
• Tape speed 24 cm/sec - 9.5 ips.
• Video head write speed: 24m /sec - 950 ips
• Video track angle 14.3 deg.
• Video track width 160 um - 6.3 mils
• Two video record/play heads at 180 deg. (rotary transformer)
• Two video erase head for insert edits at 180 deg. (rotary transformer)

^[54][55]

Some BCN users

The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

• ABC-TV at MCF [1]
• AME – Hollywood, California
• Aquarius Theater –Hollywood, California
• Astin Moore – Los Angeles, California; see John Astin
• ATC – Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Audio Plus Video – Los Angeles, California and Northvale, New York
• Australian Film & Television School – Sydney (now Australian Film, Television & Radio School)
• Bell and Howell, (Rank Video Services) – Oak Brook, Illinois
• Bell and Howell Data Tape – Pasadena, California
• Cinema Video Processors –
  Chicago, Illinois
• Channel 7 – Bangkok, Thailand
• Complete Post – Hollywood, California
• Cossey Studios – Santa Cruz, California
• Dash Motorcars – Santa Cruz, California
• DC Video – current user – Burbank, California
• Doordarshan – Delhi, India
• Editel – Hollywood, California
• Eesti Televisioon
• Glendale Studios (Outpost Video) – Glendale, California
• Image Transform – Universal City, California
• KCPT – Kansas City, Missouri
• KPAZ-TV – Phoenix, Arizona
• KTBN-TV – Costa Mesa, California
• KTBO-TV – Oklahoma, Oklahoma
• KTBW-TV – Tacoma, Washington
• Laser Pacific – Hollywood, California
• Leon Russell – Burbank, California and Tulsa, Oklahoma
• 4MC – Burbank, California
• Measurement Analysis – Torrance, California
• Merlin – Palo Alto, California
• Modern Video Film – Hollywood, California
• National Institutes of Health – Bethesda, Maryland
• Oral Roberts University – Tulsa, Oklahoma
• ORF-Austrian Broadcasting Corporation – Vienna, Austria
• Premore (see Solo Cup Company) – Culver City, California
• Ruxton – Burbank, California
• Spin Physics – San Diego, California
• Starfax  – Burbank, California
• STW Channel 9 – Perth, Western Australia
• Technicolor – Newberry Park, California
• The Video Tape Company – North Hollywood, California
• The Videography Studios – West Los Angeles, California
• TV2 in Framersheim, Germany
• TV Bandeirantes – São Paulo, Brazil
• Tyne Tees Television
   – Newcastle, United Kingdom (used the BCN100 cart system for commercial playout)
• VDI – Hollywood, California
• Video Business –
  New York, New York
• Video Pack – New York, New York
• Video Tape Company – Burbank, California
• Vidtronics – Hollywood, California
• WHFT-TV – Pembroke Park, Florida
• WJYL-CD – Louisville, Kentucky
• WTVY – Dothan, Alabama
• Yorkshire Television
   – Leeds, United Kingdom (used the BCN100 cart system for commercial playout)
• ZDF – Mainz, Germany

See also

• Ampex 2 inch helical VTR
• D1
• D6 HDTV VTR
• Fernseh
• 1 inch type A videotape
• 1 inch type C videotape
• IVC videotape format
• VTR

References

External links

• vtoldboys.com BCN Pictures
• The history of television, 1942 to 2000, page 197, By Albert Abramson [2]
• DC Video BNC page, Current user
• little-archives.net BCN Specs
• youtube.com BCN studio demo
• youtube.com BCN20 demo
• youtube.com BCN 51 PAL studio demo
• Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl at
  IMDb