Typhlopidae

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Typhlopidae
European blind snake
(Xerotyphlops vermicularis)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Infraorder: Scolecophidia
Superfamily: Typhlopoidea
Family: Typhlopidae
Merrem, 1820
Synonyms

The Typhlopidae are a

oviparous. Currently, 18 genera are recognized containing over 200 species.[2][5]

Evolution

The Typhlopidae are thought to have originated on Madagascar during the Late Cretaceous, along with their sister group, the Xenotyphlopidae. The common ancestor of both families is thought to have diverged from the Gerrhopilidae earlier in the Cretaceous, when Insular India broke away from Madagascar. Afterwards, the Typhlopidae are thought to have dispersed out of Madagascar (leaving behind a single basal genus, Madatyphlops) into mainland Africa and then Eurasia, in contrast to the Xenotyphlopidae which remained restricted to Madagascar. From these regions, the Typhlopidae went on to colonize the rest of the world, with African typhlopids rafting across to Atlantic to South America during the Paleocene, then colonizing the Caribbean during the Oligocene, while Asian typhlopids colonized Australia from Southeast Asia or Indonesia later in the Oligocene.[6][7]

Fossil record

Possible Typhlopid skin has been identified in Dominican amber.[8]

Geographic range

They are found in most tropical and many subtropical regions all over the world, particularly in Africa, Asia, islands in the Pacific, tropical America, and southeastern Europe.[1]

Genera

Genus[2] Taxon author[2] Species[2] Common name Geographic range[1]
Acutotyphlops Wallach, 1995 5 Eastern Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Afrotyphlops Broadley & Wallach, 2009[9] 29 sub-Saharan Africa
Amerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 19 Mexico through South America
Anilios Gray, 1845 48 Australia and New Guinea.
Antillotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 12 Caribbean islands
Argyrophis Gray, 1845 12 Asia
Cubatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 12 Caribbean islands
Cyclotyphlops Bosch & Ineich, 1994 1 Indonesia: Selatan Province, southern Sulawesi
Grypotyphlops
 		W. Peters, 1881[10] 1 peninsular India
Indotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 23 Asia
Letheobia Cope, 1869[11] 37 Africa and the Middle East
Madatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 15 Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, Mauritius
Malayotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 12 the Philippines and Indonesia
Ramphotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 22 long-tailed blind snakes[2] southern and southeast Asia, as well as many islands in the southern Pacific Ocean
Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 7 Africa
Sundatyphlops
 		Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 1 Indonesia and East Timor
TyphlopsT Oppel, 1811 20 the West Indies
Xerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 6 Palearctic

TType genus[1]

Former genera

Xenotyphlopidae
.

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 1-893777-01-4
    (volume).
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Typhlopidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  3. ISBN 978-1-876334-25-3
    .
  4. JSTOR 1565893
    .
  5. PMID 23627680
    .
  6. PMID 20356885
    .
  7. S2CID 258507224
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-691-05728-6
    .
  9. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2255.1.1
    .
  10. S2CID 86212032
    .
  11. S2CID 7385343
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhlopidae.
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