Typhoon Nabi
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | August 29, 2005 |
Extratropical | September 8, 2005 |
Dissipated | September 12, 2005 |
Very strong typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 175 km/h (110 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 925 hPa (mbar); 27.32 inHg |
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 260 km/h (160 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 898 hPa (mbar); 26.52 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 35 total |
Damage | $972 million (2005 USD) |
Areas affected |
|
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2005 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Nabi (pronounced
The typhoon first affected the Northern Mariana Islands, where it left
Meteorological history
On August 28, a large area of
On August 31, Nabi passed about 55 km (34 mi) north-northeast of
On September 3, Nabi began weakening as it turned more to the north, the result of an approaching
Preparations
After Nabi formed as a tropical depression on August 29, the local National Weather Service office on Guam issued a tropical storm watch for the islands Tinian, Rota, Sapian, and Agrihan.[14] On August 30, the watch was upgraded to a tropical storm warning for Rota and Agrihan, while a typhoon warning was issued for Tinian and Saipan.[15] On all four islands, a Condition of Readiness 1 was declared. The government of the Northern Mariana Islands advised Tinian and Saipan residents along the coast and in poorly-built buildings to evacuate, and several schools operated as shelters.[16] About 700 people evacuated on Saipan,[17] and the airport was closed, stranding about 1,000 travelers.[18] As a precaution, schools were closed on Guam on August 31, after a tropical storm warning was issued for the island the night prior. The island's governor, Felix Perez Camacho, also declared a condition of readiness 2,[16] as well as a state of emergency.[19] Due to the typhoon, several flights were canceled or delayed at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport on Guam.[20]
Ahead of the storm, United States Forces Japan evacuated planes from Okinawa to either Guam or mainland Japan to prevent damage.[21] Officials at the military bases on Okinawa advised residents to remain inside during the storm's passage. While Nabi was turning to the north, the island was placed under a Condition of Readiness 2.[22] At the military base in Sasebo, ships also evacuated,[23] and several buildings were closed after a Condition of Readiness 1 was declared.[24]
In Kyushu, officials evacuated over a quarter of a million people in fear of Typhoon Nabi affecting Japan.
In South Korea, the government issued a typhoon warning for the southern portion of the country along the coast, prompting the airport at Pohang to close,[31] and forcing 162 flights to be canceled.[32] Ferry service was also disrupted,[32] and thousands of boats returned to port.[33] The storm also prompted 138 schools to close in the region.[32] Earlier, the storm spurred fears of a possible repeat of either typhoon Rusa in 2002 or Maemi in 2003, both of which were devastating storms in South Korea.[34] Officials in the Russian Far East issued a storm warning for Vladivostok, advising boats to remain at port.[35]
Impact
While passing between Saipan and the volcanic island of
Later in its duration, Nabi brushed southeastern South Korea with rainbands.[2] Ulsan recorded a 24‑hour rainfall total of 319 mm (12.6 in),[2] while Pohang recorded a record 24‑hour total of 540.5 mm (21.28 in).[37] The highest total was 622.5 mm (24.51 in) of rainfall.[38] The periphery of the storm produced gusts of 121 km/h (75 mph) in the port city of Busan,[33] strong enough to damage eight billboards and knock trees over.[2] Heavy rains caused several traffic accidents and injuries in Busan,[33] while strong waves washed a cargo ship ashore in Pohang.[2] Throughout South Korea, the storm led to six fatalities and caused US$115.4 million in damages.[39][38]
In the Kuril Islands of Russia, Nabi dropped about 75 mm (3.0 in) of rain, equivalent to the monthly average. Gusts reached 83 km/h (52 mph), weak enough not to cause major damage. During the storm's passage, high waves washed away unpaved roads in Severo-Kurilsk.[40]
Japan
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2781.0 | 109.50 | Fran 1976 | Hiso | [41] |
2 | >2000.0 | >78.74 | Namtheun 2004 |
Kisawa | [42] |
3 | 1805.5 | 71.08 | Talas 2011 | Kamikitayama | [43] |
4 | 1518.9 | 59.80 | Olive 1971 | Ebino | [44] |
5 | 1322.0 | 52.04 | Nabi 2005 | Mikado | [45] |
6 | 1286.0 | 50.62 | Kent 1992 | Hidegadake | [46] |
7 | 1167.0 | 45.94 | Judy 1989 | Hidegadake | [47] |
8 | 1138.0 | 44.80 | Abby 1983 | Amagisan | [48] |
9 | 1124.0 | 44.25 | Flo 1990 | Yanase | [49] |
10 | ~1092.0 | ~43.00 | Trix 1971 | Yangitake | [50] |
The outer rainbands of Nabi began affecting Okinawa on September 3.[51] The storm's strongest winds ended up bypassing the island, and wind gusts peaked at 85 km/h (53 mph).[23] Two elderly women were injured from the wind gusts. There were minor power outages and some houses were damaged.[52] In the Amami Islands between Okinawa and mainland Japan, Nabi produced gusts of 122 km/h (76 mph) in Kikaijima.[53] Waves of 9 m (30 ft) in height affected Amami Ōshima.[54]
While moving through western Japan, Nabi dropped heavy rainfall that totaled 1,322 mm (52.0 in) over a three-day period in Miyazaki Prefecture,[53][55] the equivalent to nearly three times the average annual precipitation.[56] The same station in Miyazaki reported a 24‑hour rainfall total of 932 mm (36.7 in), as well as an hourly total of 66 mm (2.6 in).[53] Within the main islands of Japan, Nabi dropped 228.6 mm (9.00 in) of rainfall per hour in the capital Tokyo.[2]
During the storm's passage, there were 61 daily rainfall records broken by Nabi's precipitation across Japan.
Throughout Japan, Nabi caused damage in 31 of the 47 prefectures,[62] leaving over 270,000 residences without power.[2] Torrential rains caused flooding and landslides throughout the country.[63] The storm destroyed 7,452 houses and flooded 21,160 others.[53] Several car assembly plants were damaged in southwestern Japan,[2] while others were closed due to power outages, such as Toyota, Mazda, and Mitsubishi.[64] In addition, the storm wrecked about 81 ships along the coast.[53] On the island of Kyushu, damage in Ōita Prefecture on Kyushu reached ¥11.7 billion (US$106 million), the fifth highest of any typhoon in the preceding 10 years; about 20% of the total there was related to road damages.[65] In nearby Saga Prefecture, crop damage totaled about ¥1.06 billion (US$9.6 million), mostly to rice but also to soybeans and various other vegetables.[66] Crop damage as a whole on Kyushu totaled ¥4.08 billion (US$36.9 million).[56]
In the capital city of Tokyo, heavy rainfall increased levels along several rivers, which inundated several houses.[67] Strong winds damaged ¥28.8 million (US$259,000) in crop damage in Gifu Prefecture,[68] and ¥27.1 million (US$244,000) in crop damage in Osaka.[69] In Yamaguchi Prefecture on western Honshu, Nabi damaged a portion of the historical Kintai Bridge, originally built in 1674.[70] In Yamagata Prefecture, the winds damaged a window in a school, injuring several boys from the debris.[71] One person was seriously injured in Kitakata, Fukushima after strong winds blew a worker from scaffolding of a building under construction.[72] Effects from Nabi spread as far north as Hokkaido, where heavy rainfall damaged roads and caused hundreds of schools to close.[73] In Ashoro, an overflown river flooded a hotel,[74] and a minor power outage occurred in Teshikaga.[75]
Ahead of the storm, high waves and gusty winds led to one drowning when a woman was knocked off a ferry in
Aftermath
After the storm, members of
On November 8, nearly two months after the dissipation of Typhoon Nabi, President George W. Bush declared a major disaster declaration for the Northern Mariana islands. The declaration allocated aid from the United States to help restore damaged buildings, pay for debris removal, and other emergency services. Federal funding was also made available on a cost-sharing basis for the islands to mitigate against future disasters.[84] The government ultimately provided $1,046,074.03 to the commonwealth.[85]
Due to the similar pronunciation to the word "prophets" in Arabic, and the conflict of religious views,[86] the Typhoon Committee of the World Meteorological Organization agreed to retire the name Nabi. The agency replaced it with the name Doksuri, effective January 1, 2007,[87] and was first used during the 2012 Pacific typhoon season.
See also
- Other tropical cyclones named Jolina
- List of wettest tropical cyclones
- Typhoon Mireille – costliest typhoon in Japan history that struck southwestern Japan in 1991
- Typhoon Songda (2004) – similarly destructive typhoon that took a similar path to Nabi in 2004
- Typhoon Haishen (2020)
Notes
- ^ All damage totals are in 2003 values of their respective currencies.
- ^ All Japanese monetary figures were originally in Japanese yen. Totals were converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[1]
- ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[4]
- Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[7]
- ^ The name Nabi was submitted to the World Meteorological Organization by South Korea, meaning butterfly.[2]
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External links
- RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center
- Best Track Data of Typhoon Nabi (0514) (in Japanese)
- Best Track Data (Graphics) of Typhoon Nabi (0514)
- Best Track Data (Text)
- JTWC Best Track Data of Super Typhoon 14W (Nabi)