U.S. Route 2 in Michigan

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Route map:
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the section of highway in Michigan. For the entire length of highway, see
US Highway 2
.

US Highway 2 marker

US Highway 2

Map
US 2 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by MDOT
Length305.151 mi[1][a] (491.093 km)
ExistedNovember 11, 1926 (1926-11-11)[2]–present
Tourist
routes
Western segment
Length109.177 mi[1] (175.703 km)
West end US 2 at Ironwood
Major intersections
East end US 2 / US 141 near Crystal Falls
Eastern segment
Length195.974 mi[1] (315.390 km)
West end US 2 / US 141 near Iron Mountain
Major intersections
East end
BL I-75 at St. Ignace
Location
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
CountiesGogebic, Iron; Dickinson, Menominee, Delta, Schoolcraft, Mackinac
Highway system
← M-1→ M-3

US Highway 2 (US 2) is a component of the

Great Lakes Circle Tours, and other segments are listed as state-designated Pure Michigan Byways
. There are several memorial highway designations and historic bridges along US 2 that date to the 1910s and 1920s. The highway runs through rural sections of the UP, passing through two national and two state forests in the process.

The route of what became US 2 was used as part of two Indian trails before European settlers came to the UP, and as part of the Michigan segments of the

business loop that connected across the state line with Hurley, Wisconsin, and others pushed an originally inland routing of US 2 closer to the Lake Michigan shoreline. With the creation of the Interstate Highway System, part of US 2 was rerouted to coincide with the new Interstate 75
(I‑75), though in the 1980s, the U.S. Highway was truncated and removed from the I‑75 freeway, resulting in today's basic form.

Route description

According to a 2006 regional planning committee report, US 2 is a key highway for Michigan, providing its main western gateway. The roadway plays "an important role in the transportation of goods across the northern tier of states in the Midwest",[3] and is listed on the National Highway System (NHS) for its entire length.[4] The NHS is a network of roadways important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[5] Together with M‑28, US 2 is part of a pair of primary trunklines that bridge the eastern and western sides of the UP.[6] The 305.151 miles (491.093 km) of roadway in Michigan is divided into a 109.177-mile (175.703 km) western segment and a 195.974-mile (315.390 km) eastern segment,[1] interrupted by a section that runs for 14.460 miles (23.271 km) in the state of Wisconsin.[7]

Western segment

US 2 enters Michigan from Wisconsin for the first time north of downtown

Ramsay, the highway crosses a branch of the Black River. The roadway enters Wakefield on the south side of Sunday Lake, meeting M‑28 at a stoplight in town. As the US Highway leaves Wakefield, it turns southeasterly through the Ottawa National Forest,[8][11] crossing Jackson Creek and two branches of the Presque Isle River. US 2 and M‑64 merge and run concurrently over the second branch of the Presque Isle in the community of Marenisco.[6][8][11] This concurrency has the lowest traffic volume along the entire length of the highway within the state; in 2010 the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) recorded a daily average usage along the stretch of 770 vehicles, compared to the overall average of 5,188 vehicles for the highway.[12] At the end of the concurrency, M‑64 turns northerly to run along Lake Gogebic.[6][8][11]

The highway continues parallel to the state line from the Marensico area through the national forest toward

Sundance Channel.[13] The area is also where the waters meet; the rolling hills drain to Lake Superior via the Ontonagon River, to Lake Michigan via the Brule and Menominee rivers, or to the Gulf of Mexico via the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers. Also located in the area are the Sylvania Wilderness, and the Lac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation, which includes the Lac Vieux Desert Casino and Resort.[14] The highway travels southeasterly from Watersmeet around the many lakes and streams in the area and crosses into rural Iron County. US 2 intersects Federal Forest Highway 16 (FFH 16) near Golden Lake in Stambaugh Township in the middle of the national forest. The trunkline then runs along the Iron River as it approaches the city of the same name and meets M‑73. In town, US 2 intersects M‑189 before crossing the river and turning northeast out of the city.[6][8][11]

Photograph of the city limits sign showing
US 2 entering Crystal Falls as a two-lane highway

US 2 leaves the Ottawa National Forest at Iron River,

county courthouse at the top of the hill. US 2/US 141 runs south out of Crystal Falls to the west of, and parallel to, the Paint River. The roadway passes Railroad, Kennedy and Stager lakes and leaves the state of Michigan at the Brule River,[6][8] crossing into Florence County, Wisconsin for about 14 miles (23 km).[7]

Eastern segment

US 2/US 141 re-enters Michigan where it crosses the Menominee River and subsequently meets

Loretto and passing into Menominee County.[6][8]

Photograph showing
US 2/US 141 at the intersection with East B Street, downtown Iron Mountain

In Menominee County, the environment takes on a more agricultural character along US 2. The highway passes through the edge of the community of

Central and Eastern time zones. East of Bark River, the highway crosses the community's namesake waterway before intersecting the eastern terminus of M‑69. The roadway crosses the Ford River prior to turning due east into the outskirts of Escanaba.[6][8]

US 2/US 41 widens to four lanes along Ludington Street, which forms the east–west axis of the Escanaba street grid. Near downtown, the highway meets M‑35, which runs along the city's north–south axis, Lincoln Road. The trunklines merge and run north, bypassing the traditional central business district for a different business corridor.[8] Lincoln Road runs north carrying four lanes of traffic past the Upper Peninsula State Fairgrounds, site of one of the two state fairs for the state of Michigan, the only state to have twin fairs.[17] US 2/US 41/M‑35 continues north on Lincoln Road past the campus of Bay de Noc Community College. The four-lane highway crosses the Escanaba River just upstream from its mouth near the large Verso Esky Paper Mill and shifts to run immediately next to Little Bay de Noc.[6][8][17] The section here carried the highest traffic counts along all of US 2 in the state: an average of 23,977 vehicles used this segment of roadway daily in 2011.[12]

Photograph showing
The US 2/US 41 expressway north of Gladstone was, until 2017, the only non-freeway section of highway in the UP with a speed limit higher than 55 mph (89 km/h).

The road turns inland again, and US 2/US 41/M‑35 passes to the west of downtown

Garden Corners, the highway runs along the shore of Big Bay de Noc. After the intersection with the northern terminus of M‑183, US 2 turns inland cutting across the base of the Garden Peninsula and enters Schoolcraft County.[6]

As the highway approaches

Business Loop I‑75 (BL I‑75).[6][8]

History

Indian trail through auto trails

Cloverland Trail
(left) and Theodore Roosevelt International Highway (right), both of which predate the modern highway

In 1701, the first transportation routes through what became the state of Michigan were the lakes, rivers and Indian trails. Two of these trails followed parts of the future US 2. The Sault–Green Bay Trail roughly followed the Lake Michigan shoreline routing of US 2 between Escanaba and St. Ignace. The Mackinac Trail connected St. Ignace with Sault Ste. Marie.[22]

In the age of the

Cloverland Trail. Later the name was extended over the highway to Escanaba, and to all highways in the area in the early 1920s; the name was phased out by the UPDB completely in 1927.[23] The roadways were also used for the Theodore Roosevelt International Highway, named for former US president Theodore Roosevelt after his death in 1919. Overall, this highway ran from Portland, Oregon, to Portland, Maine, by way of Michigan and the Canadian province of Ontario. Through the UP, the southern branch followed the immediate predecessors to US 2, including the section through Florence County, Wisconsin.[24][b]

The Great Lakes Automobile Route was established in 1917 by the UPDB. A predecessor of the Great Lakes Circle Tours by seventy years, the route followed "a circular journey along the banks of lakes Michigan and Superior and Green Bay ..."[25] This route followed the modern US 2 from Ironwood to the M‑94 junction in Manistique, using the modern M‑69 and M‑95 to stay in Michigan. Branches of the route followed US 41 and M‑35 between Powers and Escanaba. The route was originally intended to entice motorists to drive around Lake Michigan. The name fell out of use before its first anniversary because of World War I.[25]

One Canadian auto trail was routed through the UP as well. In 1920, the King's International Highway linked

Thunder Bay or enter the United States to continue along the auto trail. The routings varied on the maps of the time, but its basic route used US 2 through the UP from Ironwood to Sault Ste. Marie until a highway north of Lake Superior was opened in 1960; by that time, the auto trail had taken on the Trans-Canada Highway name.[26]

State trunkline

The first state trunkline highway designated along the path of the modern US 2 was

Rexton to Garnet as part of a larger extension.[31]

The first changes to the routing of US 2 itself were made in 1930 with a bypass of downtown Escanaba.

Cedarville and north to Sault Ste. Marie; the former routing was given the M‑121 designation.[34][35] Another realignment in the Iron Mountain area shifted US 2/US 141 to a new bridge over the Menominee River between 1932 and 1934.[36][37] Downtown Ironwood was bypassed in 1934, and the former route was initially designated M‑54.[35][37]

Map of the
The Manistique area in mid-1936; US 2, denoted by a thick red line, runs east–west through the area north of its current routing, which is shown as a dashed line.

The

Thompson and Manistique in the mid-1930s. The agency rerouted US 2 between Cooks and M‑149 in Thompson, turning the old road back to county control. The section between M‑149 and M‑125 was redesignated as an extension of M‑149 to Thompson, and M‑125 was replaced by a further extension of M‑149. The last change was to route US 2 along its current alignment in the area, completing the changes on August 2, 1936.[40][41]

The MSHD started construction in 1936 on a new road that rerouted US 2 into St. Ignace for the first time. Between

Moran, US 2 previously followed Worth Road inland to the Tahquamenon Trail to meet the northern extension of US 31 into the Upper Peninsula.[42] The new routing took US 2 along the lakeshore into St. Ignace. US 31 was truncated to the state ferry docks in Mackinaw City and US 2 was routed through St. Ignace along the former US 31 to Rogers Park; the connection in St. Ignace to the state ferry docks became M‑122.[40] Further changes in the early 1940s straightened the roadway out near Watersmeet and Crystal Falls.[43][44]

Additional realignments were completed by the MSHD to move US 2 to its modern lakeshore routing between Gould City and Epoufette in 1941. The new highway traveled due east from Gould City to Naubinway and then along the lake to Epoufette. The former route through Engadine was turned back to local control as far east as Garnet. From there east, it was numbered just M‑48, removing US 2 from a concurrency. Another former section into Epoufette was added to extend M‑117.[45] The new highway was detoured around the Cut River Bridge until it was completed in 1946 after construction delays over steel shortages during World War II.[46][47]

The western end of US 2 took on two changes in the 1940s.

Business US 2 by 1945.[47] The eastern M‑28 extension was reversed in 1950,[49] and the western extension to the state line was shifted to a new location by 1952.[50]

Interstate era

Photograph looking north along I‑75 showing
The eastern terminus of US 2 in St. Ignace; until 1983 US 2 continued north of here along the I‑75 freeway.

With the coming of the Interstate Highway System in Michigan, the MSHD planned to convert the eastern section of US 2 to a freeway between St. Ignace and Sault Ste. Marie. In planning maps from 1947, this highway corridor was included in the system that later became the Interstates.[51] It was also included in the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated in September 1955, or Yellow Book after the cover color, that was released in 1955 as the federal government readied plans for the freeway system.[52] The proposed number in 1958 was Interstate 75 (I‑75).[53]

The first section of freeway was built in late 1957 or early 1958 between

Kinross.[59][60] The last two sections opened in 1963 connected the northern end of the freeway at M‑123 to Kinross, and the section between Dafter and Sault Ste. Marie. At this time, all of US 2's former routing became a county road known as Mackinac Trail (H-63).[60][61]

The

shoreline erosion on Lake Michigan near the roadway.[67]

Memorial designations and tourist routes

On July 1, 1924, the

State Administrative Board named M‑12, the predecessor to US 2 in Michigan, the Bohn Highway to honor Frank P. Bohn, a prominent local citizen who later served in Congress from 1927 to 1933.[68] In 1929, the residents of Escanaba created a memorial to the veterans of World War I called Memory Lane. The project consisted of elm and maple trees planted along US 2/US 41 west of town. The American Legion sold the trees to local businesses and individuals who could honor specific soldiers.[69] Later in 1949, the Bessemer Women's Club created a tribute in the form of a permanent living memorial to the area veterans. Also called Memory Lane, the group planted 140 elms and 1,840 evergreens, trees and shrubs as a landscaped parkway along 2.3 miles (3.7 km) of US 2 east of Bessemer.[70]

Most of US 2, along with US 23 in the Lower Peninsula, was designated the United Spanish War Veterans Memorial Highway in 1949. To connect the gap in the routing where US 2 cuts through Wisconsin, M‑95 and M‑69 were used in place of US 2 between Iron Mountain and Crystal Falls. Signs marking the highway were not erected until 1968 when Governor George W. Romney had them installed.[71]

The Amvets Memorial Drive designation was created for the section of US 2/US 41/M‑35 between the northern Escanaba city limits and County Road 426 (CR 426) in Delta County. The American Veterans (AMVETS) organization in Michigan petitioned the Michigan Legislature to grant this designation, which was assigned under Public Act 144 in 1959.[72]

Photograph of showing the
View of Lake Michigan near Brevort; the highway runs along the lake from Naubinway to its eastern terminus at St. Ignace.

Two sections of US 2 are part of the overall

Thompson and St. Ignace along the northern shore of Lake Michigan was designated the Top of the Lake Scenic Byway in the Pure Michigan Byways program on October 9, 2017.[77]

Historic bridges

There are six bridges along current or former sections of US 2 that MDOT has added to its listing of Michigan's Historic Bridges;

spandrel arch span that was built by the MSHD as Trunk Line Bridge No. 191.[66] The structure was listed on the NRHP on December 9, 1999, for its architectural and engineering significance.[79]

In December 2012, the

through-truss bridge, and it is the only known example of its type in Michigan. It was built between 1909 and 1910 because the Twin Falls Power Dam would flood an existing river crossing. The span cost $5,106 (equivalent to $121,000 in 2023[80]), paid equally by Dickinson and Florence counties.[81] Until the 1930s, the Upper Twin Falls Bridge carried US 2 across the Menominee River.[82] In 1934, a new bridge was built about a mile downstream, and the highway was rerouted over the new span.[83] The bridge closed to automobile traffic in September 1971,[84] and the nomination process for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places began in 2012.[81]

In 2003, MDOT replaced the Sturgeon River Bridge in Waucedah Township, Dickinson County.[85] As of October 2011, even though the old bridge was demolished and replaced, MDOT retained it on their historic bridge list. It was built in 1929.[86]

Before 1983, US 2 used a different routing through Manistique and crossed the Manistique River on what is nicknamed the "Siphon Bridge". Built as a part of a raceway flume on the river, the water level is actually higher than the road surface. This produces a siphon effect, giving the bridge its nickname. The Manistique Pulp and Paper Company was organized in 1916 and needed a dam on the Manistique River to supply their mill. This dam would require a large section of the city to be flooded, and shallow river banks meant difficulties in any bridge construction. Instead of expensive dikes, a concrete tank was built lengthwise in the river bed; the sides of this tank provided man-made banks higher than the natural banks. The Michigan Works Progress Administration described the bridge as having "concrete bulkheads, formed by the side spans of the bridge, [that] allow the mill to maintain the water level several feet above the roadbed."[87] The Manistique Tourism Council stated: "At one time, the bridge itself was partially supported by the water that was atmospherically forced under it," and that the bridge has been featured in Ripley's Believe It or Not!.[88] The eight-span structure is 294 feet (90 m) long.[89]

Photograph of the
Cut River Bridge as seen from a nearby walkway

The Cut River Bridge carries US 2 across the Cut River in Hendricks Township, Mackinac County. This structure was built during World War II but completion was delayed due to war-induced steel shortages.[46] The span uses 888 short tons (793 long tons; 806 t) of structural steel to bridge the 641 feet (195 m) over the river and its gorge at a height of 147 feet (45 m) above the river. The Cut River Bridge is one of only two cantilevered deck truss bridges in the state.[90][e] On either side of the bridge, there are picnic areas and trails down to the river.[91]

Listed on the NRHP on December 17, 1999,[79] the Mackinac Trail–Carp River Bridge carries H-63, the modern successor to US 2, over the Carp River north of St. Ignace. The bridge is another spandrel arch structure 60 feet (18 m) in length and built in 1920. Increasing traffic along Mackinac Trail prompted the MSHD to "widen its deck by five feet [1.5 m] and install new guardrails in the 1929–1930 biennium" along with the addition of decorative retaining walls.[92]

The last of the historic bridges along a former segment of US 2 is the structure carrying Ashmun Street (

BS I‑75) over the Power Canal in Sault Ste. Marie. Built in 1934, it is one of only three steel arch bridges in the state.[93][f] The 42-foot-wide (13 m) and 257-foot-long (78 m) structure is described by MDOT as "massive" with an "innovative" construction method: the previous structure was used as a falsework for the current bridge before removal.[95]

Major intersections

MDOT has erected milemarkers along the two Michigan segments of the highway that use the total mileage starting at the state line in Ironwood; the signs on the eastern segment reflect the mileage in Florence County, Wisconsin.

CountyLocationmi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
LSCT west – Ashland, Superior
Continuation into Wisconsin
Bus. US 2 west (Douglas Boulevard) – Downtown Ironwood
LSCT east – Marquette
Western terminus of M-28; eastern end of LSCT concurrency
Marenisco26.07241.959
 M-64 south – Marenisco		Western end of M-64 concurrency
Marenisco Township28.15345.308
 M-64 north – Bergland, Ontonagon		Eastern end of M-64 concurrency
Watersmeet53.79286.570 US 45 – Bruce Crossing, Eagle River
Kenton, Phelps
Marked as H-16 on MDOT maps
Nelma
Northern terminus of M-73
Iron River83.505134.388
 M-189 south (4th Avenue) – Long Lake		Northern terminus of M-189
Crystal Falls Township97.991157.701
 US 141 north – Amasa		Northern end of US 141 concurrency
Sagola
Western terminus of M-69
Brule River109.177175.703

 US 2 east / US 141 south – Florence		Continuation into Wisconsin
US 2/US 141 enters Wisconsin and travels 14.460 miles before re-entering Michigan.[7]
Menominee River123.637198.974

 US 2 west / US 141 north – Florence		Continuation into Wisconsin
Sagola, Marquette
Northern end of M-95 concurrency
Iron Mountain127.649205.431
 M-95 south (Stephenson Avenue) – Kingsford		Southern end of M-95 concurrency
Breitung Township
130.513210.040
 US 141 south – Green Bay		Southern end of US 141 concurrency
Norway136.104219.038
 US 8 west (Brown Street)		Eastern terminus of US 8
Foster City
Southern terminus of G-69
MenomineePowers157.322253.185
 US 41 south – Menominee		Western end of US 41 concurrency
Felch
Eastern terminus of M-69
LMCT south (South Lincoln Road) – Menominee
Southern end of M-35 concurrency; western end of LMCT concurrency
Arnold
187.726302.116
 M-35 north (4th Avenue North) – Gwinn, Negaunee		Northern end of M-35 concurrency
Masonville Township193.639311.632
 CR 186 west – Brampton		Former M-186
Rapid River193.914312.074
 US 41 north – Marquette		Eastern end of US 41 concurrency
Wetmore
Southern terminus of H-13/FFH 13
Fayette State Park
Northern terminus of M-183
Thompson
227.266365.749
 M-149 north – Palms Book State Park, Indian Lake State Park		Southern terminus of M-149
Manistique232.743374.564
 M-94 north (South Maple Street) – Munising		Southern terminus of M-94
Germfask, Seney
Southern terminus of M-77
M-135
Garfield Township271.440436.840
 M-117 north – Newberry		Southern terminus of M-117
Hendricks Township294.380473.759Cut River Bridge
Allenville
Southern terminus of H-57
St. Ignace319.611514.364
 I-75 / GLCT south – Mackinac Bridge, Sault Ste. Marie
LHCT north – Downtown St. Ignace
Eastern terminus of the western US segment of US 2; roadway continues east as BL I-75; LMCT continues southward on I-75; exit 344 on I-75
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Business route

Business plate.svg

Business US Highway 2 marker

Business US Highway 2

LocationIronwood
Length1.270 mi[1] (2.044 km)
ExistedAugust 1942[96]–present

Business U.S. Highway 2 (Bus. US 2) is a 1.270-mile (2.044 km)

Montreal River. The route extends through downtown Ironwood on Silver and Aurora streets before turning northward along Suffolk Street. Bus. US 2 stays on Suffolk Street for a short while until it turns onto Frederick Street. On Frederick Street, Bus. US 2 bears north through a residential area along Douglas Street. The eastern terminus of the route is at its junction with US 2 at the corner of Cloverland Drive and Douglas Street north of downtown.[1][97]

The business route was created in August 1942 when former M‑54 in Ironwood was renumbered as a business loop of US 2.

State Trunk Highway 77 and northward along US 51 in 2002.[9][10]

See also

  •  
    Michigan Highways portal

Notes

  1. ^ Milemarkers on the eastern segment reflect the mileage in Florence County, Wisconsin.
  2. ^ The northern branch of the Theodore Roosevelt International Highway followed M-28.[24]
  3. ^ The first state highways in Michigan were signposted in 1919.[28]
  4. ^ a b The Michigan State Highway Department was reorganized into the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation on August 23, 1973.[38] The name was shortened to its current form in 1978.[39]
  5. Pine River in Manistee County.[46]
  6. International Bridge in Sault Ste. Marie.[94]

References

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  4. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (April 23, 2006). National Highway System, Michigan (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
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  9. ^ a b Wisconsin Department of Transportation (2001). Official State Highway Map (Map) (2001–02 ed.). 1:823,680. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. § E2.
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  67. ^ "US 2 Relocation Project Starts April 27 in Mackinac County". Upper Michigan's Source. Negaunee, Michigan: WLUC-TV. April 22, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
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  76. ^ "MDOT Declares UP Road as Heritage Route". Negaunee, Michigan: WLUC-TV. August 28, 2007.
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  78. ^ "US 2 Relocation Project Finally Finished in '98". Iron County Progress. February 24, 1999.
  79. ^ a b National Park Service (July 9, 2010). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  80. Gross Domestic Product deflator
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External links

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