U.S. Route 66 in Arizona
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Length | 385.20 mi[1][2] (619.92 km) Mileage reflects US 66 as it was in 1940. | |||
Existed | November 11, 1926 | –June 26, 1985|||
History | Western end at I-40 in Kingman during final years | |||
Tourist routes | Historic Route 66 | |||
Major junctions[2][3] | ||||
West end | US 66 at California state line | |||
East end | US 66 at New Mexico state line | |||
Location | ||||
Country | United States | |||
State | Arizona | |||
Counties | Mohave, Yavapai, Coconino, Navajo, Apache | |||
Highway system | ||||
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U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) also known as the Will Rogers Highway, was a major
In the early years, US 66 had to compete with other major U.S. Highways for construction and improvement funding. The highway also played an important role during the
With the introduction of Interstate 40 (I-40), US 66 began declining considerably, with some of the towns along the highway becoming ghost towns. Following the completion of I-40, US 66 was completely decommissioned by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) in 1984, then retired nationwide the following year. Significant portions of the old highway remain, such as State Route 66 (SR 66) between Kingman and the Yavapai–Coconino county line east of Peach Springs. Since 1987, other sections have been designated as Historic Route 66, which is both an Arizona Historic Road and a National Scenic Byway.
Route description
US 66 was one of the main transcontinental highways in
From Kingman, US 66 went northeast to Peach Springs before heading southeast to Seligman.[2] Between Seligman and the New Mexico state line near Lupton, US 66 traveled the same basic route I-40 takes today, through Flagstaff, Winslow and Holbrook. Save for several city streets east of Flagstaff, most of US 66 has either been cut off, abandoned, destroyed or rebuilt into sections of I-40.[6] Notable exceptions include the original route through Oatman, SR 66, multiple current and former I-40 Business Loops and Townsend–Winona Road from US 89 to I-40 in Winona.[7] Several sections of the highway no longer part of the Arizona State Highway System are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[3][8] The following route description roughly follows the path US 66 would have traversed across Arizona in 1940.[2]
California border to Kingman
US 66 entered Arizona from Needles, California, on the Old Trails Bridge across the Topock Gorge and Colorado River, within the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, arriving in Topock, Arizona.[9][10] The route headed northeast, where it crossed the path of present-day I-40 and the BNSF Railway (formerly the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway). The highway then curved east for less than a mile, before curving directly north on Mohave County Route 10 (also known as Oatman Highway), past present-day Golden Shores through Bureau of Land Management-managed federal lands.
Approximately 11.9 miles (19.2 km) north of Golden Shores, US 66 arrived at the foothills of the Black Mountains, following the base of those mountains for six miles (9.7 km) before entering them. Shortly afterward, the old highway arrived in the town of Oatman, passing through the center of the old mining town. North of Oatman, US 66 turned in a generally eastward direction winding its way up and through the Black Mountains over treacherous curves.[10] US 66 passed through the small mining community of Goldroad and the adjacent mine, before continuing on its winding path up the mountainsides.[2][10]
Less than two miles (3.2 km) east of the Goldroad Mine, US 66 crossed over Sitgreaves Pass at an elevation of 3,550 feet (1,080 m), making its slow winding descent towards the other side of the Black Mountains. The highway finally exited the mountains at Cold Springs Station, heading straight east before curving northeast again, away from the mountains.[10] As it headed northeast, US 66 entered the town of McConnico, crossing the path of present-day I-40 again, before turning it turned north, and paralleled the Santa Fe Railway and curving through a small set of mountains. The highway and railroad then arrived in Kingman; US 66 followed Main Street (now Andy Devine Avenue).[11] US 66 met US 93 and US 466 at a former highway junction, which is now the spot of Locomotive Park, the home of Santa Fe Railway No. 3759, a 3751 class 4-8-4 Northern steam locomotive. US 66 continued through town on Main Street, and curved northeast towards I-40 at the eastern end of Kingman. About 2.7 miles (4.3 km) northeast of Kingman, US 66 crossed under present-day I-40, and continued northeast through the present day Kingman metro area on what is now SR 66.[10]
Kingman to Seligman
Between Kingman and Seligman, I-40's more southerly and more direct path diverges from former US 66 by approximately 16 miles (26 km), putting considerable distance between former US 66 and the current Interstate. SR 66 and Crookton Road comprise the route of old US 66 between Kingman and Seligman. The state highway designation currently covers just 66 miles (106 km) of a section east of Kingman.[3] As US 66 headed northeast from Kingman on SR 66 and paralleled the Santa Fe Railway, the highway made a gradual northeastern curve about 20 miles (32 km) from Kingman, and entered another mountain range, where it arrived at the town of Hackberry.
From Hackberry, US 66 then curved northeast through the mountains, passing through the towns of Valentine and Crozier.[10] Upon entering a small mountain valley, the highway passed through the town of Truxton before entering the mountains again at Peach Springs. Between Valentine and Peach Springs, SR 66 takes a later routing of US 66, which is straighter and has fewer curves. The older, less straight alignment, used through 1940, can be seen on either side of present-day SR 66.[2][10] A natural feature and tourist attraction called the Grand Canyon Caverns, just east of Peach Springs, are among the largest dry caverns in the United States.[12]
Upon leaving Peach Springs, US 66 curved southeast into the Hualapai Indian Reservation. Shortly afterwards, the highway left Mohave County and continued east into Coconino County. Shortly after entering Coconino County, US 66 entered Yavapai County. The route briefly entered Coconino County again for less than three miles (4.8 km), before crossing into Yavapai County for a second time, where it remained for several miles.[10] This final crossing of the Yavapai–Coconino county line also serves as the present terminus of SR 66. From here on out, US 66 continued southeast as a county-maintained road (known as Crookton Road).[3] This segment was previously the easternmost 16.8 miles (27.0 km) of SR 66, until ADOT retired this section and handed it over to Yavapai County in 1990 for maintenance.[13]
Old US 66 continued in a straight southeasterly direction for 9.5 miles (15.3 km), then made a long curve south and east around a large volcanic bluff. After curving around the bluff, US 66 continued into Seligman, becoming Chino Street (today part of the Seligman I-40 Business Loop) into the center of town.[10] Seligman is the birthplace of the first Historic Route 66 Association of Arizona, established by local barber Angel Delgadillo in 1987. The association obtained the first "Historic Route 66" designation, which the state initially placed on the segment of US 66 between Kingman and Seligman.[14] East of Seligman, old US 66 diverged from the current business route. Where the business route turns south to return to I-40, US 66 headed southeast on Crookton Road. US 66 proceeded to follow Crookton Road through high desert towards Ash Fork.[10]
Seligman to Williams
From Seligman, US 66 continued heading southeast for 17.3 miles (27.8 km) on Crookton Road. At I-40 exit 139, the highway briefly took on the route of the present-day Interstate, but curved southeast less than a mile later onto the south
At the spot where the I-40 Business Loop turns south to become SR 89, there used to be an intersection where US 66 met at a junction with US 89. US 89 shared a wrong-way concurrency with US 66 between Ash Fork and Flagstaff.[2][16] Both US 66 and northbound US 89 continued straight east from this intersection on to a highway alignment which no longer exists. The former highway straddled the north side of I-40, at times, often joining and leaving the present westbound lanes of the Interstate.[11][16] East of Ash Fork, the route left the high desert terrain and entered a mountainous area, covered with Ponderosa pine forests.[16] US 66/US 89 left I-40 around exit 149, heading northeast along an abandoned section of highway through the Monte Carlo truck stop. Approximately one mile (1.6 km) from the Interstate, the highway turned straight east for 3.1 miles (5.0 km), then wound southeast for one mile (1.6 km), crossing over the Interstate. The old highway made a broad curve less than one mile (1.6 km) southeast of I-40, then curved northeast, merging back into the route of I-40.[11][16] Today, part of this section of former US 66/US 89 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as Abandoned Route 66, Ash Fork Hill.[8]
Both US 66 and US 89 split from I-40 again at Bill Williams Loop Road near McClelland Lake. The highway took the loop road for 2.9 miles (4.7 km) south of the Interstate before merging back into the route of I-40. At exit 161, US 66/US 89 curved northeast from I-40, then headed east on Historic Route 66 into downtown Williams.[11][16] Parts of downtown Williams surrounding former US 66/US 89, including the roadway itself, are listed on the NRHP. The Williams Historic Business District and Urban Route 66, Williams, were added to the NRHP in 1984 and 1989, respectively.[8] East of town, US 66/US 89 met the Santa Fe Railway at an underpass, then curved southeast onto an abandoned road, which tied into Mountain Man Trail in front of the Bearizona Wildlife Park.[11][16] This was also the spot where US 66/US 89 intersected with the western terminus of SR 64, which headed north towards Valle and the Grand Canyon, while US 66 and US 89 continued east towards Flagstaff.[2]
Williams to Flagstaff
US 66/US 89 continued east from the SR 64 junction outside Williams on Mountain Man Trail for 2.1 miles (3.4 km), then crossed the present-day route of I-40 diagonally onto Deer Farm Road. Although the highway was paved in 1940, both Mountain Man Trail and Deer Farm Road have been downgraded to county maintained graded dirt roads. The highway skirted the northern shore of Davenport Lake, then crossed present-day I-40 to the south side frontage road, known as Mountain Ranch Resort Drive. US 66/US 89 crossed I-40 a second time at the spot of the current exit 171 onto a road called "Old Route 66". Unlike Mountain Man Trail and Deer Farm Road, Old Route 66 is still paved. The highway then headed east, gently winding through small pine forests, until US 66/US 89 reached the town of Parks.[11][16] Small sections of Old Route 66 to the west and east of Parks are listed on the NRHP under the name Abandoned Route 66, Parks (1921).[8]
Just southeast of Parks, where Old Route 66 dead ends, US 66/US 89 crossed present-day I-40 diagonally to briefly parallel the Santa Fe Railway, before being subsumed into the route of I-40 once again. The old highway left I-40 again briefly along an abandoned graded curve on the south side of the Interstate just west of the Parks Rest Area. East of the rest area, US 66/US 89 split off a third time onto Bellemont Camp Road. The highway continued diagonally southeast through Bellemont, then merged back into I-40.[11][16] The eastern end of Bellemont Camp Road (which can not be used as a through route by travelers today) is still paved in original concrete.[16] Heading southeast out of Bellemont, US 66/US 89 used the route of I-40 until reaching present-day exit 191. Here, the highway angled southeasterly on I-40 Business into Flagstaff.[11][16]
The former route through Flagstaff is officially named "Historic Route 66".
Heading southeast of downtown, paralleling the Santa Fe Railway, US 66/US 89 made two northeasterly curves along with the railroad.[11][16] At the intersection with Country Club Drive north of I-40 exit 201, current US 180 and I-40 Business split off, heading south to join I-40. This intersection also serves as the current southern terminus of US 89.[16] Just west of this intersection, a later routing of US 66 split off and paralleled the railroad towards Walnut Canyon National Monument and I-40 exit 204 (where the later routing joined the Interstate).[18][16] The earlier route of former US 66 (used through 1940), and current route of US 89, continue northeast from this intersection towards the Flagstaff suburb of Townsend.[11][16]
Flagstaff to Winslow
On the outskirts of the Flagstaff metropolitan area in Townsend, US 66 split from US 89.
Where Townsend–Winona Road continues south to end at I-40 exit 211, US 66 continued east along the southern side of the railroad on Coconino County Route 394. Approximately 6.6 miles (10.6 km) southeast of exit 211, the county route dead-ends at the westbound lanes of I-40. US 66 continued on an abandoned highway grade southeast of this point (some of which has been overlaid by I-40), then zig-zagged northward, crossing a concrete bridge over a small gulch. North of the gulch, US 66 turned southeast, passing north of the abandoned Twin Arrows travel center. The old highway continued on an abandoned roadway and part of the south frontage road, before gradually being subsumed into the route of present-day I-40. This is also the area where US 66 left the pine forest area which started near Ash Fork and re-entered high desert terrain.[11][16]
Near Exit 225, US 66 diverted from I-40 southeast on Buffalo Range Road. Around 4,800 feet (1,500 m) southeast of the Interstate, US 66 curved east on an abandoned highway grade to rejoin the route of I-40, where Buffalo Range Road turns sharply to the southwest. US 66 proceeded to follow I-40 east for 2.6 miles (4.2 km), then split off again to head straight southeast, followed by a sharp curve to the north to cross the
About 3.8 miles (6.1 km) southeast of exit 230, and after passing the access road heading south to
Winslow to Holbrook
Heading east out of Winslow, US 66 split from SR 87 onto an old roadbed, and crossed the
On the south side of I-40, US 66 made another gradual curve back to the southeast, then a second curve to the east, and merged back into Hibbard Road. Where Hibbard Road ends, US 66 continued diagonally across I-40, then turned immediately south again, crossing I-40 a second time onto the south frontage road. Here, US 66 arrived at the Jack Rabbit Trading Post.[11][16] The trading post once posted signs up and down the highway for hundreds of miles between Arizona and Missouri.[22] Today, one of the iconic billboards still stands next to the trading post. It is a wooden sign displaying a black jackrabbit on a yellow background with the phrase "Here It Is" spelled in large capitalized red letters on the left side of the jackrabbit.[23] US 66 continued southeast from the trading post along the south frontage road, paralleling the Santa Fe Railway and Little Colorado River.[11][16]
At the point where the south frontage road curves northeast to straddle the south side of I-40, US 66 crossed the Interstate becoming Main Street into
At exit 285, US 66 crossed present-day I-40 into Holbrook becoming Hopi Drive (today signed as US 180 and I-40 Business).[11][16] Along the western section of old US 66 in Holbrook is the Wigwam Village Motel, a motor court built to resemble a group of tipis.[24] At the intersection of Hopi Drive and Navajo Boulevard, US 180 heads southeast towards Springerville and Silver City, New Mexico, concurrent for a short distance with southbound SR 77.[3] In 1940, this intersection was the western terminus of US 260. US 260 followed the general path of present-day US 180 into New Mexico, where it ended in Deming.[2] US 66 on the other hand, followed northbound SR 77 and I-40 Business on Navajo Boulevard.[11][16]
Holbrook to the New Mexico border
Where SR 77 joins I-40 at exit 286, US 66 continued following I-40 Business and Navajo Boulevard north, then northeast, passing through the northeastern edge of Holbrook. At exit 289, US 66 took on the route of I-40, and split off again where exit 292 is today. US 66 followed an old roadbed on the north side of I-40 around the community of
US 66 followed the south frontage road for 3.2 miles (5.1 km), then diagonally crossed I-40 onto a now-abandoned roadway through the
At exit 330, US 66 diagonally crossed I-40 onto an abandoned road heading northeast into Chambers and crossed present-day
History
US 66 is one of the most popular highways in the history of the state of
Background
Location | Topock–Lupton |
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Length | 419 mi[27] (674 km) |
Existed | 1914–1927 |
In 1853, United States Army Lieutenant A. W. Whipple traversed the northern end of New Mexico Territory to survey a route for a proposed transcontinental railroad. Lieutenant Whipple was followed by Lieutenant Edward Fitzgerald Beale in the winter of 1858 and 1859. Beale created a second survey of the northern territory along the 35th Parallel, this time for a proposed wagon road. The wagon road was to start in Fort Smith, Arkansas, and travel to the Colorado River on the California border. Beale returned later in 1859 with a group of men to construct the road. The outfit was complemented with 22 camels as well as tools and supplies needed to build the wagon road. Beale's men constructed a path 10 feet (3.0 m) wide by removing rocks and vegetation in the way. The new road became known as Beale's Wagon Road, becoming a major artery for westward expansion and immigration. The road remained a popular means of travel until 1883, when the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway was completed through northern Arizona.[15]
In 1914, the state of Arizona had finished reorganizing an earlier system of territorial roads into a new state highway system, managed by the Office of the State Engineer. Besides converting the two existing territorial maintained roads into new state highways, the Office of the State Engineer also acquired several roads not previously maintained by the state. One of the new acquisitions was Beale's Wagon Road. Now a state highway, Beale's Wagon Road was designated the Santa Fe Highway by the state. Santa Fe Highway started at the Colorado River in Topock, extending north through Kingman, then east through Flagstaff to Holbrook, where it headed southeast through Springerville into New Mexico. Also in 1914, the National Old Trails Road, an early transcontinental auto trail, was designated over the Santa Fe Highway.[15]
Outside Arizona, the National Old Trails Road ran from
In the early days, National Old Trails Road traffic crossing the river utilized a ferry crossing between Topock and Needles on the California side of the river. The ferry, established in 1890, was used until 1914, when a river flood destroyed it. In response, the upstream Red Rock Bridge, owned by the Santa Fe Railway, became the new river crossing for National Old Trails Road motorists.[9] The railroad had allowed cars to use the bridge so long as the drivers were willing to pay a toll.[26] Construction started on the Old Trails Bridge, a dedicated automobile bridge, on June 30, 1915, and was completed several months later on February 20, 1916. The bridge was paid for by the states of California and Arizona as well as the Bureau of Indian Affairs at a cost of $75,000 (equivalent to $1.4 million in 2023[28]). The bridge itself was a steel arch structure designed by San Bernardino County surveyor S. A. Sourwine.[29] Once construction on the Old Trails Bridge had been completed, National Old Trails Road traffic was moved onto the new bridge and the Red Rock Bridge became train only once again.[9] From 1916 to 1928, the Old Trails Bridge held the record of being the longest three-hinged arch bridge in the United States.[9]
Between 1915 and 1922, the National Old Trails Highway was surfaced with gravel between Topock and
U.S. Highway designation
Across the country, the numerous named auto trails began creating problems for motorists. Many auto trails had confusing alternate routes and were not always the most direct routes; also, multiple different auto trails often overlapped on the same roadway. During the annual meeting of the
After intensive discussion, debating, and planning, the Joint Board submitted a mostly finalized proposal to the new Secretary of Agriculture,
Among the new proposed highways was a roughly crescent-shaped route named U.S. Route 60 (US 60). US 60 would run from
The US 66 designation was recognized by the newly formed Arizona State Highway Department (sometimes abbreviated as ASHD) after the state highway system was reorganized on September 9, 1927. The reorganization entailed a transition from state-named highways to state- and U.S.-numbered highways.[1] Arizona now had two principal cross-country U.S. Highways across the entire state: US 66 served the northern part of the state, while the southern half of Arizona heavily promoted and focused on US 80.[15] Proponents of US 80 in Arizona had given their highway the nickname "The Main Street Through Arizona". At the same time, the newly formed U.S. Highway 66 Association dubbed US 66 the "Main Street of America", which may have been in response to the US 80 nickname. From 1927 onward, a friendly in-state competition existed between proponents of US 66 and US 80 within Arizona.[4]
The early years
The name "National Old Trails Road" was officially dropped from US 66 in Arizona by December 1927. Immediately, the counties US 66 traveled through in northern Arizona began campaigning for the highway to be fully paved.
In 1928, almost none of US 66 was paved in Arizona, save for a stretch of highway between Flagstaff and Winona.[34] This section had been paved back in 1921 with concrete mixed with locally sourced volcanic cinder.[15] The highway was given a non-paved secondary surfacing (another term for gravel surfacing) between the Colorado River and 39 miles (63 km) east of Peach Springs. A section of US 66 from Crookton through Ash Fork to Williams was also paved in secondary surfacing. This section was approximately 21 miles (34 km) long. Secondary surfacing was also extant on a section of highway running from Bellemont to Flagstaff, as well as a section between Meteor Mountain (just east of Canyon Diablo) and Holbrook. The remainder of US 66 was graded, but had no improved surfacing of any kind.[34]
The official 1929 Highway Department map depicted surfacing and road conditions along US 66 as being mostly unchanged since the previous year, although newspapers reported otherwise.[35] By December 1929, reconstruction was underway between Holbrook and New Mexico on completely rebuilding and realigning the highway. Similar work was being undertaken between Holbrook and Winslow, including the construction of two new bridges. Paving work began between Flagstaff and Winslow as well as between Topock and Kingman.[36] On December 29, 1929, the state highway commission reported $508,594.94 (equivalent to $6.86 million in 2023[28]) had been allocated in state funds that year to rebuild US 66, with $305,982.79 (equivalent to $4.13 million in 2023[28]) of said funds being spent to improve over 71 miles (114 km) of the highway by years end. Much of this work included grading and draining work, paving work, gravel surfacing and bridge construction.[37]
By 1930, noticeable changes were made to the highway. The route between Oatman and a point west of Peach Springs had reverted to an unimproved dirt road. However, the route was given a gravel surface between Williams and Flagstaff. Between Topock and Oatman, the highway was fully paved, as was the section between Meteor Mountain and Winslow. The highway had also been realigned and straightened between Seligman and Crookton.[38] By 1931, all of US 66 between Flagstaff and Winslow was paved. Gravel surfacing was administered to US 66 from the New Mexico state line to an area southwest of Lupton.[39] By 1932, US 66 had been paved between Crookton and Ash Fork. Road surfacing also existed on the section of highway improved the year earlier, heading southwest from New Mexico through Lupton. Construction work was underway on US 66 between Seligman and Crookton, as was the highway between Oatman and Kingman.[40] Despite the amount of work completed, a delegation of citizens representing towns along US 66 traveled to Phoenix on May 8, 1932, demanding the State Highway Commission to block funding for improvements to US 80 in favor of further improvements to US 66. Ultimately, the commission passed off the demands of the delegation and did not divert attention away from improving US 80.[41]
On June 5, 1933, Arizona Governor
By 1934, despite budget cuts to US 66, the construction work between Seligman and Crookton had extended to the previously paved section of US 66 northwest of Crookton. Construction work was also underway on US 66 between Ash Fork and Williams, part of the route from Williams to Flagstaff and the unpaved section of highway between Kingman and Peach Springs through Hackberry. Most of the highway between Holbrook and Lupton through Sanders and Navajo was also undergoing construction. Road surfacing work was complete on US 66 between Williams and Bellemont, on a small section going through Peach Springs, between Oatman and Kingman and a small piece heading a few miles northeast of Holbrook. At this point, most of US 66 through Arizona was paved or undergoing resurfacing.[46] The first known use of natural landscaping by the Arizona State Highway Department was performed along US 66 the same year.[15]
By 1935, almost all of US 66 between Topock and Peach Springs had been paved. road surfacing had also been completed on all of US 66 between Crookton and New Mexico. The last unpaved sections of US 66 remaining were a 20-mile (32 km) section of heading west from Crookton through Cedar Grove and a 6-mile (9.7 km) section heading northeast out of Valentine. Although these two sections were not yet paved, they were surfaced with rock or gravel, meaning all of US 66 at least had improved surfacing.[47] Passage of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 by the United States federal government gave the Arizona State Highway Department the necessary provisions and funding to replace an at-grade railroad crossing in Winslow with an underpass in 1936.[15] The entirety of US 66 in Arizona was paved by 1938. This made US 66 one of the first highways in Arizona to be completely paved.[48] However, the title of first fully paved U.S. Highway in Arizona was taken three years earlier by the second incarnation of US 70, which entered Arizona from California through Ehrenberg and exited near Duncan into New Mexico. Albeit the paving work had been completed long before the Ehrenberg–Duncan route had been designated as part of US 70.[47][49][50] On January 24, 1938, the entirety of US 66 between Los Angeles and Chicago was designated as the Will Rogers Memorial Highway by the U.S. Highway 66 Association.[51]
US 66 also played a large role during the Dust Bowl era of the Great Depression. Refugees seeking a better life from drought and impoverished areas of the Great Plains states, often referred to as "Okies" (which started an insulting term used by long time California residents), extensively used US 66 as a means of escaping the heavily affected areas, looking for a better life in California.[52] Western Arizona in particular provided a great obstacle for refugees traveling down US 66 to California: they would often have trouble crossing the Black Mountains on US 66 over Sitgreaves Pass.[53] Many of their trucks would end up wrecked at the bottom of the mountain slopes next to the highway due to failed axle bearings.[20] Refugee drivers were among the earliest US 66 travelers to hire locals to drive their often overloaded vehicles over the pass for them. The grades on this section US 66 would sometimes pose a large enough challenge to these vehicles that driving the trucks in reverse over the pass was often necessary.[54]
After reaching the other side of the pass, the refugees would coast their vehicles down the other side to save gas. If the refugees needed gas, a man named Ed Edgerton ran a gas station complex known as "Ed's Camp" at the top of the pass. Most of the time, Edgerton was willing to barter with the refugees if they had little or no money. Sometimes, the refugees would trade or pawn valuable possessions to Edgerton for gas. Other times, Edgerton would have them work jobs at his station to earn their gas.
The golden age
During the first three years of American involvement in
At the end of the war, many of the people who had gone to California for work returned home to the east coast on US 66. The eastward migration caused US 66 traffic to increase from record low numbers to the highest volume of traffic the highway had seen up to that point. By October 1945, 700–800 cars a day were traveling down US 66 in Arizona and some cars had as many as 17 people inside them. At night, there were up to 137 cars parked on the side of the road, so the occupants could sleep during the night. Drivers often traveled down the highway at dangerous speeds or drove for long periods, becoming fatigued. This, in tandem with increasing traffic, caused the number of
In 1945, the Santa Fe Railway constructed a new rail bridge over the Colorado River in Needles and Topock, upstream from the Old Trails and Red Rock Bridges.[9] At the same time, California and Arizona had been looking to replace the Old Trails Bridge, as the structure had become insufficiently narrow and too weak for post-war truck and car traffic.[60] Highway engineers determined the retired Red Rock Bridge could serve as a more than adequate replacement. The Red Rock Bridge had previously been rebuilt and reinforced twice during the early 20th century to handle heavier and faster train traffic.[9]
The railroad had planned on tearing down the Red Rock Bridge, but instead donated the structure to the states of California and Arizona along with 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of right of way on either side of the bridge. This was done partially due to the cost of converting the bridge into a highway crossing being less expensive than demolishing the veteran structure. Both states began surveying and planning to rebuild the Red Rock Bridge into a new Colorado River crossing for US 66. Once planning had been completed, the state governments of
In 1946, the Arizona State Highway Department began planning a major improvement along US 66 between Flagstaff and Winslow. The plan was to construct a new 11.5-mile (18.5 km) highway between Flagstaff and Winona to shorten the travel time and the overall distance between Winslow and Flagstaff. The project was estimated to cost around $1,300,000 (equivalent to $15 million in 2023[28]). Originally meant to be a single contract construction project, the bypass was later divided into two separate contracts. Bidding for both construction projects were opened on January 9 the same year with a scheduled completion date of September 30, 1947.[61] The Fisher Construction Company and Tanner Construction Company were both awarded the contracts, with Fisher to construct the first 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Flagstaff and the remaining 7.5 miles (12.1 km) to be constructed by Tanner. By May 10, 1946, 30 percent of the four-mile (6.4 km) section being constructed by Fisher was completed.[62]
By September 1946, both Tanner and Fisher had made substantial progress on their respective sections, with all excavation on the Tanner section completed, with preliminary paving work beginning. Both sections, however, were disconnected by the Santa Fe Railway which cut the new highway in half. At the time, planning for a railroad overpass was being undertaken by the State Highway Department.
In 1950, the State Highway Department began planning construction of a new alignment of US 66 through Yucca. Construction was planned to start near Topock and head northeast through Yucca to connect with the existing highway near Kingman.[66] At the time, the section between Topock and Kingman still followed the steep and winding path through Oatman into the Black Mountains and through Sitgreaves Pass.[67] This section was built across this rough terrain instead of following the more level route to the east adopted by the railroad because the road followed the National Old Trails highway which was for gold mining in Oatman and Goldroad (now a ghost town).[68] It was fraught with hairpin turns and was the steepest along the entire route, so much so that some early travelers, too frightened at the prospect of driving such a potentially dangerous road, hired locals to navigate the winding grade.[69] By September 1950, the Oatman bypass was given priority on the state highway construction agenda, as US 66 was crucial to military defense traffic.[70] The State Highway Department contracted the Phoenix-Tempe Stone Company to construct the first six miles (9.7 km) of the new route on September 15, 1950, at a cost of $262,152 (equivalent to $2.54 million in 2023[28]).[71]
By early 1951, the bypass was under construction.[72] Phoenix-Tempe was awarded a second contract on February 1, 1951, to build an overpass over the Santa Fe Railway in Yucca along with the approach roads to the overpass.[73] In April 1951, a contract to construct 10 miles (16 km) of the new bypass was given to the W.J. Henson company for $234,872 (equivalent to $2.13 million in 2023[28]).[74] The Highway Department created another contract job in October 1951 to pave and construct a further 18 miles (29 km) of the bypass route, in hopes of speeding up the project.[75] The Phoenix-Tempe company was again awarded the contract.[76] Despite the highway's priority and rushed construction, the Yucca Overpass was delayed for several months due to a shortage of available steel.[77] The steel was finally delivered to begin the overpass construction on January 25, 1951.[78]
Construction of the bypass continued through late 1951 to the middle of 1952. By August 1952, construction on the bypass was winding down. By this point, 28 miles (45 km) had been completed with the final 17 miles (27 km) under construction.[72] The bypass was completed and opened to traffic on September 17, 1952.[79] The overall construction of the bypass from 1950 to 1952 was done at record speed at the time, being the fastest major highway construction project within the state's history.[72] US 66 was rerouted onto the new bypass, removing Oatman from US 66.[80] The new route ran along level ground close to the railroad, from Topock to Kingman through Yucca.[5] The bypassing of Oatman lead to the town's decline and near abandonment, while Yucca enjoyed a small period of increased success from US 66 traffic.[80] Oatman Highway remained an undesignated state highway until September 2, 1955, when it was completely transferred to Mohave County.[81]
During the late 1940s and early to mid-1950s, the popularity of US 66 greatly increased. There was a great increase in postwar driving, with more people taking the nation's roads than in decades past. To meet the increase in postwar travel, the number of
American actor and musician
The decline of Route 66
The Arizona State Highway Department had spent a total of $19 million (equivalent to $165 million in 2023
The rough shape, narrowness and safety issues along US 66 and similar highways in Arizona contributed to public sentiment towards rebuilding and improving safety along the state's highways.
By December 1960, approximately 15 miles (24 km) of US 66 had been rebuilt into the first section of I-40 to open in Arizona, and a further 23 miles (37 km) of US 66 was also undergoing conversion into I-40.[83] By October 1962, 15.4 miles (24.8 km) of US 66 between Williams and Flagstaff was being rebuilt into parts of I-40.[84][11] The new section was completed and opened to traffic later the same year.[85] In 1966, a new four-lane steel bridge was opened over the Colorado River, replacing the Red Rock Bridge. US 66 was moved onto the new bridge, running concurrently with the new I-40 across the river. The Red Rock Bridge was closed following the opening of the new bridge and sat completely abandoned for over a decade. Unlike the Old Trails Bridge, the Red Rock Bridge would never be repurposed. In 1976, the bridge was entirely dismantled. Today, only concrete pilings remain where the bridge once stood.[9]
By September 1967, over 115 miles (185 km) of I-40 had been constructed or rebuilt from sections of US 66, with another 82.4 miles (132.6 km) under way.[86] I-40 around Flagstaff was completed and opened to traffic in 1968, bypassing US 66 and US 89 through town.[26] By 1971, almost all of US 66 east of Flagstaff had been rebuilt into I-40, save for the city streets through Winslow, Joseph City and Holbrook. I-40 had also been completed around Flagstaff and west to the junction between SR 64 and US 66 east of Williams. Another section of I-40 was complete between Seligman and Ash Fork, with a tiny 3-mile (4.8 km) section completed just east of Ash Fork. Almost all US 66 had been converted into I-40 between Kingman and Topock as well, save for a seven-mile (11 km) section east of Topock and a 12-mile (19 km) section south of Kingman. A small section of I-40 had also been completed between Kingman and a junction with US 93 about 13 miles (21 km) south of Hackberry.[18]
Controversy came with the construction of I-40. There was a large opposition to freeway bypasses around the towns along the route. Much of the opposition came from town officials and businessmen, all too familiar with the decline of Oatman caused by the 1952 bypass. A large political effort was mounted across several towns along US 66 to block the construction of any further bypasses. The bypass revolts gained considerable attention in the Arizona State Government, with state legislators considering the idea of banning freeway bypasses in Arizona. In the end, the movements did little to stifle the Interstate construction. However, the movement did give the many communities along US 66 some extra time. The state government agreed not to construct the bypasses until all other sections of I-40 had been completed, in hopes of giving the US 66 towns time to adjust to the upcoming changes.[25]
In 1978, the I-40 bypasses were completed around Seligman and Kingman.[25] The Seligman bypass was followed by three bypasses around Ash Fork, Winslow and Holbrook opening in 1979.[87] Despite being open to traffic, the Holbrook bypass would not be completed until 1981.[26] The Joseph City bypass was completed and opened in September 1980.[88] The final bypass was opened around Williams on October 13, 1984, receiving a special ceremony.[26] By far the largest bypass was the section of I-40 constructed between Kingman and Ash Fork. Rather than follow US 66, which formed a roughly arc shaped path through Valentine, Peach Springs and Hackberry, this section of the Interstate went straight east, leaving several communities and a large section of US 66 several miles north of the new main highway.[89] This entire section was completed in 1978.[90][91]
As I-40 replaced US 66, the old highway's popularity greatly declined. Business along the route began declining as fewer and fewer people drove through the old towns. Slowly, many towns declined or were outright abandoned and became ghost towns, including tourist towns like Two Guns. Many residents of the declining US 66 towns described the loss of business being instantaneous, happening right after the bypasses opened.[92] The Interstate bypasses also meant the end of US 66 as an active highway, in conjunction with California concurrently removing its section of US 66 from the state highway system between 1964 and 1974, which moved the western terminus of the entire highway to the Colorado River in Topock, Arizona.[93][94] The same year, US 66 was also truncated in the east from Chicago to Joplin, Missouri.[95]
Despite California's lack of recognition of US 66 as an active highway, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) recognized the new western terminus of the highway at US 95 in Needles, across the river from Topock. The section of US 66 through Arizona remained unaltered until 1979, when AASHTO approved a request from California and Arizona to truncate US 66 from Needles to a junction with I-40 and US 666 in Sanders.[96] However, the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) continued to recognize the US 66 designation west of Sanders, establishing a signed western terminus at I-40 in Kingman.[97][98]
Following the completion of the Williams bypass in 1984, ADOT approved a plan to deal with the remains of the highway in Arizona. All of US 66 in Arizona was no longer recognized as an active U.S. Highway. The sections of US 66 that were not concurrent with I-40 were re-designated as multiple Business Loops of I-40 and the section of highway from Kingman to Seligman was re-designated State Route 66. The section from Seligman to Crookton was abandoned to Yavapai County.[99] On June 26, 1985, AASHTO approved a request by the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri to retire the US 66 designation from the U.S. Highway System.[100]
Historic Route 66
Location | Topock–Holbrook |
---|---|
Length | 204.14 mi (328.53 km) |
Existed | 1987–present |
A Seligman-based small business owner named Angel Delgadillo had observed the impact that the decline of US 66 and establishment of the I-40 bypass had on his town. Delgadillo, a Seligman native, had been operating his privately owned barbershop since 1950. When I-40 had been completed around Seligman, the number of cars traveling through Seligman substantially decreased from thousands per day to only a handful per day. This also meant a great decrease in Delgadillo's business. By 1986, Delgadillo had been attempting for years to get former US 66 in Arizona designated as a historic route with little to no success. The same year, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway ended employee layovers in Seligman, decreasing Delgadillo's business even further.[14]
On February 18, 1987, Delgadillo organized a meeting of 15 small business owners with establishments along old US 66. Among the attendees was Delagdillo's older brother, Juan Delgadillo, who owned
The ADOT Parkways, Historic and Scenic Roads program continues to recognize certain sections of former US 66 as Historic Route 66. The longest sections of the designated historic route follow the original US 66 between Topock and Seligman through Oatman and from Flagstaff to Winona. Other smaller sections of Historic Route 66 comprise former US 66 segments that are currently or were once designated as I-40 Business. This is the case in Ash Fork, Williams, Winslow and Holbrook. Flagstaff is the only city in Arizona where the Historic Route splits into two alignments, the first along the aforementioned route to Winona and the second taking a small section of later US 66 to a junction with I-40 immediately east of Flagstaff. The discontinuous sections of Historic Route 66 are all connected by I-40. As there are no designated sections between Holbrook and New Mexico, the Arizona historic route officially has its eastern terminus in Holbrook.[7][101]
Former US 66 sections are designated as the Historic Route 66 National Scenic Byway. The designation means the old highway is protected and preserved as both a
Major intersections
This list follows the final non-freeway alignment in 1960.[5][6][11]
County | Location | mi [16][106] | km | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Los Angeles | California state line | ||||
Red Rock Bridge | |||||
Mohave | Topock | 0.19 | 0.31 | Oatman Highway – Oatman | Pre-1952 US 66 east |
McConnico | 45.05 | 72.50 | Oatman Highway – Oatman | Pre-1952 US 66 west | |
Las Vegas, Bullhead City | Southern terminus of US 93; eastern terminus of US 466 | ||||
51.71 | 83.22 | SR 93 south (Louise Avenue) – Wickenburg, Phoenix | Northern terminus of SR 93 | ||
SR 89 | |||||
Coconino | Williams | 180.81– 181.03 | 290.99– 291.34 | SR 64 east – Grand Canyon | Western terminus of SR 64 |
Northern terminus of US 89A; former SR 79 south | |||||
210.94 | 339.48 | US 180 | |||
214.73 | 345.57 | US 89 north – Page | Eastern end of US 89 overlap; Pre-1947 US 66 east | ||
219.59 | 353.40 | SR 166 south – Walnut Canyon National Monument | Northern terminus of SR 166 | ||
Winona | 225.73 | 363.28 | Townsend-Winona Road | Pre-1947 US 66 west | |
SR 65 south (Williamson Avenue) – Payson | Western end of SR 65 overlap; now SR 87 | ||||
| 275.41 | 443.23 | SR 65 north – Second Mesa | Eastern end of SR 65 overlap; now SR 87 | |
Western terminus of US 260; now US 180 east and SR 77 south | |||||
SR 63 south | |||||
US 191 south | |||||
| 374.71 | 603.04 | NM 789 north – Albuquerque | New Mexico state line | |
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Structures
Buildings
A
The
The Peach Springs Trading Post, constructed in 1928 using local stone and logs, replaced an earlier 1917 trading post at Peach Springs. Its original role was to trade native crafts for foodstuffs, medicine and household goods. The building now houses Hualapai conservation offices.[111]
Lowell Observatory, an astronomical observatory established in Flagstaff in 1894, is one of the oldest observatories in the United States and a designated National Historic Landmark. The observatory is well known for being the location where astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered the dwarf planet Pluto on February 18, 1930.[112]
Flagstaff's
Historic districts
- Kingman Commercial Historic District, Kingman[115]
- Seligman Historic District, Seligman[116]
- Railroad Addition Historic District, Flagstaff[117]
- La Posada Hotel and Gardens, a Fred Harvey Company hotel.[118]
Restaurants
Delgadillo's Snow Cap Drive-In in Seligman, was built in 1953 with scrap railway lumber by Juan Delgadillo. Following Delgadillo's passing in 2004, his children took over ownership and operation of the restaurant.[119] It continues to offer choices such as a "cheeseburger with cheese" and "dead chicken."[120]
The
Camps, motor courts, and motels
The Oatman Hotel, a historic two-story adobe building which opened in 1902 as the Durlin Hotel and was rebuilt in 1924 during a local gold rush now houses a bar, restaurant and museum.[123]
The Wigwam Village Motel in Holbrook is distinctive for patented novelty architecture in which every room of the motel is a free-standing concrete wigwam.[124] In Pixar's 2006 animated film Cars, these are depicted as the traffic cones of the Cozy Cone Motel.[125]
The Pueblo Revival style Painted Desert Inn in Navajo, constructed circa-1920 of wood and native stone, and purchased by the US National Park Service in 1935, is situated on a mesa overlooking the vast Painted Desert.[126]
About 20 miles (32 km) from Kingman in
Bridges
- Old Trails Bridge, Topock[129]
- Walnut Canyon Bridge, Winona[130]
- Canyon Diablo Bridge, Two Guns[131]
- Querino Canyon Bridge, Houck[132]
Road segments
- Various segments of old US 66 throughout Arizona, in various states of preservation, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[133]
See also
References
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Re-designate all of S.R. 180 across Arizona as U.S. 70 from Duncan to Ehrenberg only
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Eliminate as U.S. Route currently designated U.S. 66 from The Loop in Chicago, Illinois to the intersection of U.S. 71 in Joplin, Missouri, beginning at the eastern terminus of U.S. Route 66 at the I-44 interchange east of Joplin, Missouri.
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- ^ "Kingman Commercial Historic District". National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "Seligman Historic District". National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "Railroad Addition Historic District and Boundary Increase". National Park Service. Archived from the original on April 26, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "La Posada Historic District". National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ Naylor, Roger (May 1, 2009). "Seligman still getting kicks from Route 66". AZCentral.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
- ^ "Seligman, Ariz.: A historic stop on The Mother Road". Farmington Daily Times. April 12, 2008. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
- ^ Warnick, Ron (September 9, 2019). "Galaxy Diner in Flagstaff apparently closes for good". Route 66 News. Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
- ^ Skabelund, Adrian (September 2, 2020). "After yearlong closure, Flagstaff's Galaxy Diner returns to a very different world". Arizona Daily Sun. Flagstaff. Archived from the original on September 2, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
- ^ "Durlin Hotel". National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "Wigwam Village Motel 6". National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ Craven, Scott (March 1, 2017). "Wigwam Motel: Family keeps Route 66 nostalgia alive". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
- ^ "Painted Desert Inn". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 16, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ OCLC 1005192619.
- ^ "Giganticus Headicus at Antares Visitor Center". Go Kingman. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
- ^ "Old Trails Bridge". National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 28, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "Walnut Canyon Bridge". National Park Service. Archived from the original on March 30, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "Two Guns". Road Trip Journeys. May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Querino Canyon Bridge". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 16, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "Arizona Road Segments". National Park Service. October 13, 1984. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
Further reading
- Miller, Blue (2021). Abandoned Route 66 Arizona: Where the Road Came to an End. America Through Time. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-63499-304-3.
External links
- Route 66 through Arizona – Turn by turn directions
- US 66 at Arizona Roads
- Historic Route 66 Association of Arizona – Official website