USS Albatross (1858)
Sketch of Albatross by William M. C. Philbrick, depicting her off Mobile, Alabama, on 25 September 1863.
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History | |
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United States | |
Namesake | the bird Albatross |
Launched | 1858 at Mystic, Connecticut |
Acquired | 23 May 1861 at Brooklyn, New York |
Commissioned | 25 June 1861 at the New York Navy Yard |
Decommissioned | 11 August 1865 at the Boston Navy Yard |
Stricken | 1865 (est.) |
Fate | Sold 8 September 1865 at Boston, Massachusetts |
General characteristics | |
Type | screw steamer |
Tonnage | 378 |
Length | 150 ft (46 m) |
Beam | 30 ft (9.1 m) |
Depth of hold | 10 ft (3.0 m) |
Propulsion | steam engine, screw-propelled |
Sail plan | rigged as a three-masted schooner |
Speed | 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) |
Complement | not known |
Armament |
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USS Albatross was a screw steamer rigged as a three-masted schooner acquired by the Union Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War. She was outfitted as a gunboat with heavy guns and used in the Union blockade of the waterways of the Confederate States of America.
Built in Mystic, Connecticut
Albatross was built at
Civil war operations
Assigned to the Atlantic blockade
Acquired during the Union Navy's efforts to expand the fleet early in the civil war to carry out the blockade of the
Following a week's service in the Chesapeake Bay along its eastern shore and off the mouth of the Rappahannock River, the steamer rounded Cape Henry on 10 July and proceeded south to waters outside the bar off Hatteras Inlet to assist in sealing off the North Carolina coast. The ship's first action came on 11 July after a Confederate shore battery near Oregon Inlet opened fire on her. She answered with all her guns, knocked out one of the Confederate cannon, and drove the Southern soldiers from the area.
Albatross made her first capture on 18 July, when a party from the steamer boarded and seized the schooner Velasco of
Capturing pirates
On 22 July 1861, while Albatross was chasing a sailing vessel near
Albatross took the
After completion of the machinery work late in the month, the steamer returned to Hampton Roads on the evening of 31 August and began cruising in Chesapeake Bay where she took the schooner Alabama off the mouth of the
Reassigned to the South Atlantic blockade
The highlight of this stint of service off Beaufort was her discovery and destruction of the grounded 800-ton
Reassigned to the West Gulf blockade
Early in July 1862, the steamer proceeded to
Outbreak of yellow fever
Late in September 1862,
After the health of her crew had been restored, the steamer began patrolling off the
Mississippi River operations
On 11 December 1862, Albatross sailed for the
Finally, with the approach of the spring, misfortunes to Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter's Mississippi Squadron, which had been attempting to send some of its gunboats past Vicksburg, Mississippi, to patrol the river between that strongly fortified position and Port Hudson, prompted Farragut to brave the guns of Port Hudson without help from Banks. On the evening of 13 March 1863, he moved seven of his warships - four saltwater men-of-war and three gunboats - some 15 miles above Baton Rouge and anchored for the night.
During the next day, he gave careful attention to the readiness of each ship in the force for battle. He had three of the heavy warships lashed to the port and soon-to-be-engaged sides of the smaller gunboats, pairing his flagship, USS Hartford, with Albatross, Richmond with USS Genesee, and USS Monongahela with USS Kineo. USS Mississippi, proceeding alone, brought up the rear. Farragut later explained his selection of Albatross as Hartford's partner:
Albatross being the most vulnerable of the gunboats, and her speed being about equal to that of this ship, was assigned to her. ...
Braving the fire of Port Hudson
Shortly after 10:00 p.m., the fleet got underway. Moving up the river "in good style," Hartford and Albatross weathered the hail of shot from the batteries. Major General Franklin Gardner, commanding Confederate forces at Port Hudson, noted: "She returned our fire boldly." While the flagship and her consort were passing the lower batteries, the current nearly swung the pair around and grounded them; "but," Farragut reported, "backing the Albatross, and going ahead strong on this ship, we at length headed her up the river." Though able to bring only two guns to bear on the upper batteries, Farragut successfully passed those works.
Following the
Next in line, Monongahela ran hard aground under Port Hudson's lower batteries where she remained for nearly half an hour, taking severe punishment. At least eight shots passed entirely through the ship. The bridge was shot from underneath Captain James P. McKinstry, wounding him and killing three others. With Kineo's aid, Monongahela was refloated; and she attempted to resume her course upriver. "We were nearly by the principal battery," wrote Lieutenant Nathaniel W. Thomas, the executive officer, "when the crank pin of the forward engine was reported heated, and the engine stopped. ..." The ship became unmanageable and drifted downstream, where she anchored out of range of the Confederate guns.
USS Mississippi is lost after grounding
Meanwhile, on board Mississippi, Captain
Commenting on Albatross' role, Farragut stated,
"... although it was not in Lieutenant Commander Hart's power to do much, still he did all that was in his power, and whenever he could bring a gun to bear, ahead or astern, on the port side, it was instantly fired." Albatross' only casualty in the action was Charles Raick, the captain's steward, who according to the ship's deck log, "... was killed while nobly fighting his gun."
But for a Parrott gun which lost a part of its trunnion when struck by a shell, the ship suffered little material damage.
Beyond the reach of Port Hudson's guns
After reaching comparative safety beyond the range of Port Hudson's guns, the two Union warships operated in the stretch of the Mississippi between that Southern fortress and Vicksburg until both of these Confederate riverbank strongholds had fallen almost four months later. While plying these waters which bristled with hostile batteries, they denied the Southern armies fighting in the East the steady flow of men, food, horses, and miscellaneous supplies which had supported Confederate troops since the onset of the conflict.
In the middle of March, Albatross engaged the Confederate batteries at Grand Gulf, Mississippi, and suffered one man killed and nine wounded. On 4 May 1863, she attacked the Confederate Fort De Russy and engaged two Confederate steamers moored to the earthworks, CSS Grand Duke and Mary T.
James Brown awarded the Medal of Honor
In the engagement, Grand Duke was set on fire five times and suffered seven wounded, while Albatross was badly shot up and suffered heavy casualties when a 32-pounder ball came through the wheelhouse carrying the wheel away and causing the relieving tackles to be manned by men in plain view of the enemy. Two men from the ship were killed and four wounded. Quartermaster James H. Brown displayed most unusual courage during the action. After the steering wheel and wheel ropes had been shot away, Brown stood on the gun platform of the quarterdeck, exposing himself to close fire from musketry ashore and rendered invaluable assistance by his expert management of the relieving tackles. By doing so, he was instrumental in extricating the vessel from a perilous position and thereby aided in the capture of Fort De Russy's heavy works. Brown later received the Medal of Honor for his valor.
Death of Lt. Commander Hart
In June 1863, while Albatross was stationed above Port Hudson, her captain, John E. Hart, contracted yellow fever. A few days later he became delusional, and on 11 June 1863, he committed suicide in his cabin with his own revolver. He was officially listed as "killed in battle".
Repair and quarantine
Following the surrender of Port Hudson on 9 July, Albatross dropped down river and briefly operated on patrol out of New Orleans before beginning a repair period which lasted until mid-September when the ship joined the blockading forces off Mobile Bay. A month later, yellow fever was again raging and compelled the ship to be placed in quarantine at Pensacola.
Returned to the Gulf blockade
When again ready for duty, Albatross served as a dispatch vessel, then returned to blockade duty off
Recommissioned on the day after
Post-war sale and subsequent maritime career
Following the collapse of the Confederacy, Albatross sailed to the Boston Navy Yard where she was decommissioned on 11 August 1865. She was sold at public auction there on 8 September 1865 to C. P. Stickney. Redocumented on 23 September 1865, the ship operated in merchant service until her engines were removed in 1888, and she was dropped from shipping registers.
See also
Notes
- ^ Buell, Bill (1 June 2013). "Bonds of Brothers: Burial of local Union naval officer by Confederate Masons re-enacted each year in Louisiana town". Daily Gazette.
- ^ Peña, Christopher (2008). The Day the War Stopped.
- ^ Minton, James (5 June 2013). "Looking North for June 6, 2013". The Advocate. Baton Rouge. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
- United States Government Printing Office. 1908. p. 14.
References
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here. (USS Albatross)
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here. (USS Bohio)