USS Nevada (BB-36)
Nevada underway off the Atlantic coast of the United States on September 17, 1944
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History | |
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United States | |
Name | USS Nevada |
Namesake | State of Nevada[3] |
Ordered | March 4, 1911[2] |
Awarded | January 22, 1912[2] |
Builder | Fore River Shipbuilding Company[2] |
Laid down | November 4, 1912[3] |
Launched | July 11, 1914[1] |
Commissioned | March 11, 1916[3] |
Decommissioned | August 29, 1946[3] |
Stricken | August 12, 1948[4] |
Nickname(s) | "The Cheer Up Ship" |
Fate | Sunk as a target July 31, 1948[4] |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Nevada-class battleship |
Displacement | 27,500 t[5] |
Length | 583 ft (178 m)[5] |
Beam | 95 ft 3 in[5] (29 m) |
Draft | 28 ft 6 in[3][10] (8.7 m) |
Installed power | |
Propulsion | |
Speed | 20.5 kn (24 mph; 38 km/h)[5] |
Endurance | 8,000 nmi (9,206 mi; 14,816 km) at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h)[8] |
Complement | 864 officers and men[7] |
Armament |
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Armor | |
Aircraft carried |
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General characteristics 1942 configuration | |
Displacement | 30,500 t[8] |
Installed power | 6 Bureau Express oil-fired boilers |
Complement | 2,220[6] |
Armament |
|
Aircraft carried |
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USS Nevada (BB-36), the third United States Navy ship to be named after the 36th state, was the lead ship of the two Nevada-class battleships. Launched in 1914, Nevada was a leap forward in dreadnought technology; four of her new features would be included on almost every subsequent US battleship: triple gun turrets,[c] oil in place of coal for fuel, geared steam turbines for greater range, and the "all or nothing" armor principle. These features made Nevada, alongside her sister ship Oklahoma, the first US Navy "standard-type" battleships.
Nevada served in both World Wars. During the last few months of
).At the end of World War II, the Navy decided that, due to age, Nevada would not be retained as part of the active fleet and she was instead assigned as a
Design
As the first second-generation battleship in the US Navy, Nevada has been described as "revolutionary"[13][14] and "as radical as Dreadnought was in her day"[15] by present-day historians. At the time of the ship's completion in 1916,[d] The New York Times remarked that the new warship was "the greatest [battleship] afloat"[16] because she was so much larger than other contemporary American battleships: her displacement was nearly three times that of the obsolete 1890 pre-dreadnought Oregon, almost twice that of the 1904 battleship Connecticut, and almost 8,000 long tons (8,128 t) greater than that of one of the first American dreadnoughts, Delaware—built just seven years prior to Nevada.[16]
Nevada was the first battleship in the US Navy to have triple
In addition to all of this, Nevada had maximum armor over critical areas, such as the magazines and engines, and none over less important places, even though previous battleships had armor of varying thickness depending on the importance of the area it was protecting. This radical change became known as the "
As a result of all of these design modifications from previous battleships, Nevada was the first of the
The two battleships of the Nevada class were virtually identical except in their propulsion. Nevada and her sister were fitted with different engines to compare the two, putting them 'head-to-head': Oklahoma received older
Construction and trials
Nevada's construction was authorized by an
Nevada then had to undergo many different tests and trials prior to her commissioning to ensure that she met the terms of the original contract. These began on November 4, 1915, when the ship conducted a twelve-hour endurance run "up and down the New England coast", reaching a top speed of 21.4 kn (24.6 mph; 39.6 km/h).
World War I
After fitting out in the Boston and New York Navy Yards, Nevada joined the
After a 10-day voyage, she arrived in Berehaven, Ireland, on August 23.[3] Along with Utah and her sister Oklahoma, the three were nicknamed the "Bantry Bay Squadron";[43] officially, they were Battleship Division Six (BatDiv 6) under the command of Rear Admiral Thomas S. Rodgers, who chose Utah as his flagship.[44][45] For the rest of the war, the three ships operated from the bay, escorting the large and valuable convoys bound for the British Isles to ensure no German heavy surface ships could slip past the British Grand Fleet and annihilate the merchant ships and their weak escorts of older cruisers.[44][45][46] This never came to pass, and the war ended on November 11, with Nevada, then under command of William Carey Cole (October 14, 1918 – May 7, 1919),[35] not getting a chance to engage an enemy during the war.[f][25]
On December 13, 10 battleships, including Nevada,
Interwar period
Between the two World Wars, Nevada, under the successive commands of
Nevada, then under command of
After the cruise, Nevada, with
World War II
Attack on Pearl Harbor
On December 6, 1941, a Saturday, all of the Pacific Fleet's battleships were in port for the weekend for the first time since July 4. Normally, they took turns spending time in port: six would be out with Vice Admiral William S. Pye's battleship Task Force One one weekend, while the next weekend would find three ranging with Vice Admiral
Aft of Arizona during the attack, Nevada was not moored alongside another battleship off
Nevada became a prime target for Japanese Val dive bombers during the second wave. Japanese pilots intended to sink her in the channel, ostensibly to block the harbor.[63] This was poor target selection on the part of the pilots; she could not be sunk by 14–18 dive bombers attacking with 250 kg bombs[64] and the channel's width of 1200 feet made bottling up the harbor impossible [65] As she steamed past Ten-Ten Dock[i] at about 09:50, Nevada was struck by five bombs. One exploded over the crew's galley at Frame 80. Another struck the port director platform and exploded at the base of the stack on the upper deck. Yet another hit near No. 1 turret inboard from the port waterway and blew large holes in the upper and main decks. Two struck the forecastle near Frame 15; one passed out through the side of the second deck before exploding, but the other exploded within the ship near the gasoline tank; leakage and vapors from this tank caused intense fires around the ship.[61]
The gasoline fires that flared up around Turret 1 might have caused more critical damage if the main magazines had not been empty. For several days prior to the attack, all of the 14-inch-gun (356 mm) battleships had been replacing their standard-weight main battery projectiles with a new heavier projectile that offered greater penetration and a larger explosive charge in exchange for a slight decrease in range. All of the older projectiles and powder charges had been removed from the magazines of Nevada, and the crew had taken a break after loading the new projectiles in anticipation of loading the new powder charges on Sunday.[66]
As bomb damage became evident, Nevada was ordered to proceed to the west side of Ford Island to prevent her from sinking in deeper water. Instead, she was grounded off Hospital Point at 10:30,[67] with the help of Hoga and Avocet,[68] though she managed to force down three more planes before she struck the shore.[62] Gasoline fires prevented damage control parties from containing flooding forward of the main torpedo defense system. Flooding the main magazine and counterflooding to keep the ship stable lowered the bow allowing water to enter the ship at the second deck level. Lack of watertight subdivision between the second and main decks from frame 30 to frame 115 allowed water entering through bomb holes in the forecastle to flow aft through the ship's ventilation system to flood the dynamo and boiler rooms.[69]
Over the course of the morning, Nevada suffered a total of 60 killed and 109 wounded.[3] Two more men died aboard during salvage operations on February 7, 1942 when they were overcome by hydrogen sulfide gas from decomposing paper and meat.[70] The ship suffered a minimum of six bomb hits and one torpedo hit, but "it is possible that as many as ten bomb hits may have been received, [...] as certain damaged areas [were] of sufficient size to indicate that they were struck by more than one bomb."[62]
Attu
On February 12, 1942, now with Captain Harry L. Thompson (December 15, 1941 – August 25, 1942) commanding,
Her 5"/51s and 5"/25s were replaced with sixteen
D-Day
After completion, in mid-1943 Nevada went on Atlantic convoy duty.[73] Old battleships such as Nevada were attached to many convoys across the Atlantic to guard against the chance that a German capital ship might head out to sea on a raiding mission.
After completing more convoy runs, Nevada set sail for the United Kingdom to prepare for the
She was chosen as Rear Admiral Morton Deyo's flagship for the operation.[75] During the invasion, Nevada supported forces ashore from June 6–17, and again on June 25; during this time, she employed her guns against shore defenses on the Cherbourg Peninsula,[3] "[seeming] to lean back as [she] hurled salvo after salvo at the shore batteries."[76] Shells from her guns ranged as far as 17 nmi (20 mi; 31 km) inland in attempts to break up German concentrations and counterattacks, even though she was straddled by counterbattery fire 27 times (though never hit).[3]
Nevada was later praised for her "incredibly accurate" fire in support of beleaguered troops, as some of the targets she hit were just 600 yd (550 m) from the front line.[77] Nevada was the only battleship present at both Pearl Harbor and the Normandy landings.[78]
Southern France
After D-Day, the Allies headed to Toulon for another amphibious assault, codenamed
Nevada supported this operation from August 15 to September 25, 1944, "dueling"
Nevada then headed to New York to have her gun barrels relined.
Iwo Jima, Okinawa and Japan
After re-fitting, and with Captain Homer L. Grosskopf (October 4, 1944 – October 28, 1945)[35] commanding, she sailed for the Pacific, arriving off Iwo Jima on February 16, 1945[3] to "[prepare] the island for invasion with heavy bombardment";[84] which she did through March 7.[3] During the invasion, she moved to be within 600 yd (550 m) from shore to provide maximum firepower for the troops that were advancing.[77]
On March 24, 1945, Nevada joined
Post-war
Nevada, then with her final commanding officer, Captain Cecil C. Adell (October 28, 1945 – July 1, 1946),
After she was thoroughly examined, Iowa and two other vessels used Nevada as a practice gunnery target 65 miles southwest of Pearl Harbor on July 31, 1948.[4][71][k] The ships did not sink Nevada, so she was given a coup de grâce with an aerial torpedo hit amidships.[89][4]
Wreck
On May 11, 2020, it was announced that a joint expedition by Ocean Infinity, with its ship the Pacific Constructor, and the operations center of SEARCH Inc., headed by Dr. James Delgado had discovered Nevada's wreck. Nevada is located at a depth of 15,400 feet (4,700 m) off the coast of Hawaii and about 65 nautical miles southwest of Pearl Harbor.[90][91] The wreck lies upside down, with the main hull carrying the scars of shell fire and torpedo hits. Nearby is a large debris field with the turrets, which fell off the ship as she capsized, and the bow and stern, both of which were torn free. Archaeologists also documented the two tripod masts, portions of the bridge, sections of deck and superstructure, and one of four tanks, an M26 Pershing, placed on the deck for the atomic bomb tests.[92] The hull was still painted and the number "36" was visible on the stern.[91][93]
One of the former Arizona guns mounted on Nevada is paired with a gun formerly on Missouri at the Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza just east of the Arizona State Capitol complex in downtown Phoenix, Arizona. It is part of a memorial representing the start and end of the Pacific War for the United States.[83]
A large model of the ship built for the 1970 film, Tora! Tora! Tora!, survives today in Los Angeles and often appears at local parades.[94]
Notes
- 5 in (127 mm)/38 cal DP mounts (8×2), and 32 × 40 mm AA (8×4) and 40 × 20 mm AA (40×1) were added. See Fitzsimons 1978, p. 1982.
- ^ All of the sources agree that the torpedo tubes were 21 in. tubes, but they conflict as to whether Nevada had 2 or 4 torpedo tubes. For more information, see a list of the conflicting sources.
- ^ The only US battleship class after Nevada that did not feature these "triple turrets" was the Colorado class, which carried eight 16 in (410 mm) guns in dual turrets to combat the new Japanese Nagato class.
- launchedinto the water, where the rest of the work is completed. This is normally done to free up the drydock for other work.
- ^ See this book for more information on Curtis turbines (Scroll down to the bottom of the page): Ewing, James Alfred (1910). The Steam-engine and Other Heat-engines. University Press (University of California). p. 232.
- ^ Also, at some point during her time on the eastern side of the Atlantic, Nevada apparently made a patrol through the North Sea, but sources do not give any date. See DANFS Nevada (BB-36) and Bonner 1996, p. 102.
- ^ The other nine battleships were Florida, Utah, Wyoming, Arkansas, New York, Texas, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Arizona.
- ^ Pennsylvania was in drydock at the time of the attack. Of the anchored ships on Battleship Row (in order, north to south), Nevada was moored singly; Arizona had Vestal moored outboard of her; Tennessee and West Virginia were moored together; and Maryland and Oklahoma were moored together. California was moored singly at the bottom of the "row", similar to Nevada, and should have had the ability to maneuver like Nevada did. However, California, as "she was about to undergo a material inspection [and] watertight integrity was not at its maximum" (see DANFS California (BB-44)), started settling as soon as she was hit by Japanese bombs and torpedoes. As a result, she sank soon after the attack began after being hit with just two bombs and two torpedoes. By comparison, Nevada took at least six bombs and one torpedo, and was still afloat when she was ordered to be beached by Hospital Point.
- ^ Named for its length, 1010 feet.
- Kamaishi on July 15, 1945 (pp. 312–313), Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, two CLs and eight DDs bombarded Muroran on July 16, (pp. 313–314) and on the night of July 18, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, North Carolina and Alabama and HMS King George V bombarded Hitachi (pp. 315–316). Richard B. Frank in Downfall. The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire lists all these bombardments on p. 157 and adds a bombardment of Hamamatsu on the night of July 29–30, by South Dakota, Indiana and Massachusetts. Nevada is not mentioned anywhere as having bombarded any of the Home Islands.
Citations: Morison 2002 and Frank 1999 - ^ NVR Nevada (BB 36), the Naval Vessel Register entry for Nevada, only states that Iowa, a heavy cruiser and a destroyer used her as a gunnery target. No further details are known.
References
- ^ a b c New York Times July 12, 1914.
- ^ a b c d e f Cox 1916.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y DANFS Nevada (BB-36).
- ^ a b c d e NVR Nevada (BB 36).
- ^ a b c d e Fitzsimons 1978, p. 1982.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Friedman 1985, p. 438.
- ^ Chisholm 1922, p. 436.
- ^ a b New York Times October 23, 1915.
- ^ a b Bonner 1996, p. 101.
- ISBN 978-1-59114-247-8.
- ^ a b Morison & Polmar 2003, p. 63.
- ^ Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 115.
- ^ Worth 2002, p. 290.
- ^ a b c New York Times October 16, 1915.
- ^ a b c GlobalSecurity BB-36 Nevada Class.
- ^ a b New York Times September 19, 1915, p. 9.
- ^ a b c d NHC Nevada Class (BB-36 and BB-37), 1912 Building Program.
- ^ Prange, Goldstein & Dillon 1991, p. 217.
- ^ Hone & Friedman 1981, p. 59.
- ^ Friedman 1985, p. 104.
- ^ Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 1156.
- ^ Friedman 1985, pp. 104–105.
- ^ a b c Bonner 1996, p. 102.
- ^ Friedman 1978, pp. 166–167.
- ^ Worth 2002, pp. 289–290.
- ^ Friedman 1985, p. 101.
- ^ New York Times November 5, 1915, p. 8.
- ^ New York Times November 5, 1915, p. 14.
- ^ New York Times November 7, 1915.
- ^ New York Times November 10, 1915.
- ^ New York Times November 8, 1915.
- ^ New York Times September 19, 1915, p. 12.
- ^ Miller 1997, p. 185.
- ^ DANFS Delaware (BB-28).
- ^ DANFS Florida (BB-30).
- ^ DANFS Wyoming (BB-32).
- ^ DANFS New York (BB-34).
- ^ DANFS Texas (BB-35).
- ^ a b New York Times December 27, 1918.
- ^ Venzon & Miles 1999, p. 755.
- ^ a b Halpern 1995, p. 436.
- ^ a b Russell & Moore 1921, p. 97.
- ^ DANFS Utah (BB-31).
- ^ New York Times December 11, 1918.
- ^ New York Times December 15, 1918.
- ^ a b c Breyer 1973, p. 210.
- ^ Bonner 1996, pp. 102–103.
- ^ New York Times August 23, 1922.
- ^ New York Times September 6, 1922.
- ^ New York Times December 31, 1922.
- ^ a b Bonner 1996, p. 103.
- ^ Miller 1991.
- ^ a b c d e NHC USS Nevada (Battleship # 36, later BB-36), 1916–1948.
- ^ Conway's 1922–1946 p. 92
- ^ a b Morison & Polmar 2003, p. 65.
- ^ Lord 2001, pp. 1–2.
- ^ "History of the Pacific Fleet Band". U.S. Navy (Pacific Fleet). 2002. Archived from the original on February 2, 2002. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Wallin 1968, p. 212.
- ^ a b c Scanland 1941.
- ^ Prange, Goldstein & Dillon 1991, p. 536.
- ^ Zimm 2011, pp. 202–203.
- ^ Zimm 2011, pp. 322–323.
- ^ Sabin, L. A., Vice Admiral, USN. "Comment and Discussion", United States Naval Institute Proceedings, September 1973, 97.
- ^ Wallin 1968, pp. 212–213.
- ^ NHHC USS Nevada during the Pearl Harbor Attack (Part II).
- ^ Hone, Thomas C. (1977). "The Destruction of the Battle Line at Pearl Harbor". Proceedings. 103 (12): 50–51.
- ^ Wallin 1968, p. 218.
- ^ a b Friedman 1985, p. 420.
- ^ "BB-36 – Nevada (Nevada–class)". Naval Recognition Manual. Division of Naval Intelligence; Identification and Characteristics Section. 1943. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
- ^ Mersky, Peter (1986). "Naval Aviators in Spitfires". Proceedings. 112 (12): 105&106.
- ^ Morison 1948, p. 145.
- ^ Ryan 1959, p. 198.
- ^ a b GlobalSecurity SSBN 733 Nevada.
- ^ Ryan 1959, p. 90.
- ^ Morison 1963, p. 414.
- ^ Karig, Burton & Freeland 1946, p. 386–387.
- ^ Burton & Pincus 2004.
- ^ Campbell 1985, p. 123.
- ^ a b "Phoenix, Arizona – USS Arizona Anchor and Mast". Roadside America.com. July 15, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ CINCPOA Communique No. 264, February 19, 1945.
- ^ Morison 2001, p. 131.
- ^ Morison 2001, p. 133.
- ^ NHC Operation Crossroads: Bikini Atoll.
- ^ Bonner 1996, p. 107–108.
- ^ Bonner 1996, p. 108.
- ^ Infinity, SEARCH, Inc; Ocean. "USS Nevada Located by SEARCH and Ocean Infinity". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved September 8, 2020.
{{cite press release}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "USS Nevada Shipwreck Located". MarineLink. May 11, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
- ^ "Wreck of USS Nevada, Nuclear Bomb Survivor, Rediscovered by Archaeologists". Overt Defense. May 12, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ "VIDEO: Research Groups Find Wreck of 'Unsinkable Battleship' USS Nevada". USNI News. May 11, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
- ^ Room in San Pedro? Veterans seek home for USS Nevada model, The Daily Breeze, January 24, 2016, retrieved April 3, 2016
Bibliography
Print sources
- Burton, Earl; Pincus, JH (September 2004). "The Other D-Day: The Invasion of Southern France". Sea Classics. 37 (9): 60–70. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
- Bonner, Kermit (1996). Final Voyages. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-56311-289-8.
- Breyer, Siegfried (1973). Battleships and Battle Cruisers 1905–1970. Doubleday and Company. ISBN 978-0-385-07247-2.
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-459-2.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Battleships". The Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 32. London and New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica, Company Ltd.
- Cox, Ormund L., Lt. (1916). "U.S.S. Nevada; Description and Trials". Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers. 28: 20–54. doi:10.1111/j.1559-3584.1916.tb00598.x. Retrieved September 5, 2008.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978). "Nevada". Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare. Vol. 18. London: Phoebus. p. 1982.
- Frank, Richard B. (1999). Downfall; The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3.
- Friedman, Norman (1978). Battleship Design and Development 1905–1945. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-135-9.
- Friedman, Norman (1985). U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. OCLC 12214729.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. OCLC 12119866.
- Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. ISBN 978-0-8317-0303-5.
- Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-352-7.
- Hone, T.; Friedman, N. (April 1981). "Innovation and Administration in the Navy Department: The Case of the Nevada Design". Military Affairs. 45 (2): 57–62. JSTOR 1986962.
- Karig, Walter, Commander; Burton, Earl, Lieutenant; Freeland, Stephen L., Lieutenant (1946). Battle Report (Volume 2); The Atlantic War. New York/Toronto: Farrar and Rinehart, Inc.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ISBN 978-0-8050-6803-0.
- Russell, James Clayton; Moore, William Emmet (1921). The United States Navy in the World War. Pictorial Bureau.
- Miller, Edward S. (1991). War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-759-3.
- Miller, Nathan (1997). U.S. Navy: A History. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-595-8.
- ISBN 978-0-252-07065-5.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (1963). The Two-Ocean War; A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (1948). The Rising Sun in the Pacific; 1931 – April 1942. OCLC 7361008.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (1956). Volume X, The Atlantic Battle Won. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (2002). Victory in the Pacific (reprint ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. ISBN 978-0-252-07065-5.
- Morison, Samuel Loring; ISBN 978-0-7603-0989-6.
- Prange, Gordon W.; Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V. (1988). December 7, 1941: The Day the Japanese Attacked Pearl Harbor. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. ISBN 978-0-07-050682-4.
- Prange, Gordon W.; Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V. (1991). At Dawn We Slept. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-015734-5.
- Ryan, Cornelius (1959). The Longest Day; June 6, 1944. New York: Simon and Schuster. 671-20814-1.
- US Naval History Division (1970). The Battleship in the United States Navy. Washington D.C.: Naval History Division. OCLC 298306. 72-604171.
- Venzon, Anne Cipriano; Miles, Paul L. (1999). The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-8153-3353-1.
- OCLC 51673398.
- Worth, Richard (2002). Fleets of World War II. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81116-6.
- Zimm, Alan D. (2011), Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions, Havertown, Pennsylvania: Casemate Publishers, ISBN 978-1-61200-010-7
Online sources
- "Nevada". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- "Delaware". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "Florida". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "Wyoming". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "New York". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "Texas". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "Utah". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "California". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "USS Nevada (BB 36)". Naval Vessel Register. United States Navy. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- "Nevada Class (BB-36 and BB-37), 1912 Building Program". Naval Historical Center. US Navy Department. Archived from the originalon August 5, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- "USS Nevada (Battleship # 36, later BB-36), 1916–1948". Naval Historical Center. US Navy Department. 2007. Archived from the original on April 16, 2003. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- Scanland, F.W. (1941). "USS Nevada, Report of Pearl Harbor Attack". Naval Historical Center. US Navy Department. Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- "USS Nevada during the Pearl Harbor Attack (Part II)". Naval History & Heritage Command. US Navy Department. December 20, 2000. Archived from the originalon January 8, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- "Operation Crossroads: Bikini Atoll". Naval Historical Center. US Navy Department. 2001. Archived from the original on May 21, 2000. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- "CINCPOA Communique No. 264, 19 February 1945". HyperWar. 1945. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
- DiGiulian, Tony (March 27, 2008). "United States of America 14"/45 (35.6 cm) Marks 8, 9, 10 and 12". NavWeaps.com. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
- Pike, John. "BB-36 Nevada Class". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- Pike, John. "SSBN 733 Nevada". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
The New York Times
- "Launch New Dreadnought; Named the Nevada – Plans announced for Two Still Greater Ships" (PDF). The New York Times. July 12, 1914. p. C5.
- "The Nevada Leaves Quincy" (PDF). The New York Times. October 23, 1915. p. 5.
- "Sea Fighter Nevada Ready For Her Test" (PDF). The New York Times. October 16, 1915. p. 12.
- "Mightiest U.S. Ship Coming" (PDF). The New York Times. September 19, 1915. p. 9.
- "Warships Near Completion; The Nevada and the Oklahoma almost Three-fourths built" (PDF). The New York Times. November 5, 1915. p. 8.
- "Nevada Test a Success" (PDF). The New York Times. November 5, 1915. p. 14.
- "The Nevada Out Again" (PDF). The New York Times. November 7, 1915. p. 6.
- "Nevada saves fuel" (PDF). The New York Times. November 10, 1915. p. 8.
- "Nevada Meets Tests; New Superdreadnought easily fills contract requirements" (PDF). The New York Times. November 8, 1915. p. 6.
- "The Nevada in Commission" (PDF). The New York Times. September 19, 1915. p. 12.
- "Ovation to Sea Fighters; Harbor Echoes With Greetings as Our Ships Steam In" (PDF). The New York Times. December 27, 1918. p. 1 and 4.
- "Pichon to Welcome Wilson; Will Head Delegation Aboard Warships to Meet Him Off Brest" (PDF). The New York Times. December 11, 1918. p. 1.
- "Battleship Fleet sails for New York; Ten Dreadnoughts Homebound from Brest to Join in Christmas Celebration" (PDF). The New York Times. December 15, 1918. p. 15.
- "War Radio Service For Hughes on Trip" (PDF). The New York Times. August 23, 1922. p. 30.
- "Hughes Arrives at Rio" (PDF). The New York Times. September 6, 1922. p. 14.
- "Baseball in Rio a Regular Sport" (PDF). The New York Times. December 31, 1922. p. 83.
Further reading
- Barry, James H. (1946). Wyatt, William S. (ed.). USS Nevada 1916–1946. San Francisco: The James H. Barry Company.
- Madsen, Daniel (2003). Resurrection – Salvaging the Battle Fleet at Pearl Harbor. Annapolis, Maryland: U.S. Naval Institute Press.
- Pater, Alan F. (1968). United States Battleships – The History of America's Greatest Fighting Fleet. Beverly Hills, CA: Monitor Book Company. ISBN 978-0-917734-07-6.
External links
- Photo gallery of USS Nevada (BB-36) at NavSource Naval History – 1912–1919
- Navy photos of Nevada (BB-36)
- Navy photos of Nevada during the Pearl Harbor attack
- MaritimeQuest USS Nevada BB-36 Photo Gallery
- Nevada Damage Report following the Pearl Harbor Attack
- Citations of articles, books, and websites about USS Nevada from ShipIndex.org
- Overview of "Operation Crossroads"
- USS Nevada Collection at the Nevada State Museum