USS Siboney (ID-2999)
"Periscope" view of the Siboney in convoy, by Musician Loren C. Holmberg, USN (c. 1919), shows the dazzle camouflage applied to the ship during World War I.
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History | |
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United States | |
Name | USS Siboney (ID-2999) |
Namesake | Siboney, Cuba |
Builder | William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia |
Yard number | 434 |
Launched | as SS Oriente, 15 August 1917 |
Renamed | Siboney, 28 February 1918 |
Acquired | 8 April 1918 |
Commissioned | 8 April 1918 |
Decommissioned | 10 September 1919 |
Identification | Official number: 216082 |
Fate | Returned to Ward Line |
United States | |
Name | SS Siboney |
Owner | Ward Line (New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Co.) |
Route | |
Acquired | August 1919 |
In service | 1919 |
Refit | 1924 |
Out of service | 1940 |
Fate | Chartered by American Export Lines |
United States | |
Operator | American Export Lines |
Route | Jersey City–Lisbon, 1940–1941 |
Acquired | 1940 |
In service | 1940 |
Out of service | 28 May 1941 |
Fate | chartered by U.S. Army |
United States | |
Name | USAT Siboney |
In service | May 1941 |
Renamed | USAHS Charles A. Stafford, January 1944 |
Namesake | Captain Charles A. Stafford, U.S. Army Medical Corps |
Reclassified | hospital ship, January 1944 |
Refit | January–September 1944 |
Out of service | February 1948 |
Homeport |
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Fate | Scrapped, 1957 |
General characteristics | |
Displacement | 11,298 tons |
Length | 443 ft 3 in (135.10 m) |
Beam | 60 ft (18.3 m) |
Draft | 24 ft 6 in (7.47 m) |
Speed | 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph) |
Troops |
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Complement | 346 |
Armament |
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Differences as SS Siboney: | |
Crew | 127[2] |
Differences as USAT Siboney:[3] | |
Tonnage | 6,937 |
Speed | 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
Range | 6,000 nmi (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) |
Capacity | cargo: 116,000 cu ft (3,300 m3) |
Troops | 1,201 |
Differences as USAHS Charles A. Stafford:[4] | |
Tonnage | 7,587 |
Range | 8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) |
Capacity |
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Armament | None |
USS Siboney (ID-2999) was a
As a transport during World War I, Siboney made 17 transatlantic voyages for the navy carrying troops to and from Europe, and had the shortest average in-port turnaround time of all navy transports. During her maiden voyage, her steering gear malfunctioned which resulted in a collision between two other troopships in the convoy.
After her World War I service ended, Siboney was returned to the Ward Line and placed in New York–Cuba–Spain transatlantic service; the liner ran aground at Vigo, Spain in September 1920. Despite considerable damage, she was repaired and placed back in service. In late 1921, Siboney was switched to New York–Cuba–Mexico routes, which were a popular and inexpensive way for Americans to escape Prohibition. In late 1940, she was chartered to American Export Lines to return Americans fleeing Europe at the outset of World War II, making seven roundtrips from Jersey City, New Jersey, to Lisbon.
During
Oriente was a combination cargo and passenger ship built by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, for the Ward Line. In mid-1917 the United States Shipping Board (USSB) commandeered and received title to all private shipbuilding projects in progress, including the still-incomplete Oriente and her sister ship Orizaba. Plans for both ships were modified for troop carrying duties.[5] Oriente was launched on 15 August 1917, renamed Siboney on 28 February 1918, delivered to the navy on 8 April, and commissioned the same day.[6]
Siboney sailed from Philadelphia on 16 April as a unit of the
Siboney embarked her second contingent of troops at
Siboney sailed for France on 30 June; after delivering her troops at Brest on 12 July, she returned to New York on 25 July. She sailed again on 31 July. Before arriving at Brest on 12 August, she had to maneuver several times to evade possible submarine contacts. She arrived at New York on 22 August and was given a two-week repair period.[6]
On 4 September, Siboney sailed from New York on her fifth crossing and arrived at Saint-Nazaire nine days later. On 15 September, she embarked a number of wounded troops and left Saint-Nazaire the same day, but, due to heavy submarine activity, swung at anchor for several days before her convoy sailed. She arrived on 29 September at New York. On her sixth eastward crossing, between 6 and 15 October, an influenza epidemic broke out among the troops, killing a number of soldiers. Sailing from Brest on 16 October, the transport returned to New York on 24 October.[6]
Siboney had already embarked troops for her next voyage when, on 3 November, she was ordered to disembark them. She sailed the following day with an army
Siboney then began her peacetime mission of returning American veterans from Europe to the United States. After embarking 513 wounded men at Saint-Nazaire, she moved to Brest on the 15th and took on 600 more passengers. She sailed the same day under escort and reached New York on 24 November. During the next ten months, Siboney made ten more round trips between the United States and France, returning over 3,000 troops per trip when fully loaded.[6] On one such return trip in August 1919, Siboney carried Admiral Henry T. Mayo and Congressman Thomas S. Butler home from France.[7]
Siboney returned to New York on 2 September at the conclusion of her 17th trip, having traveled over 115,000 nautical miles (213,000 km) and transported approximately 55,000 military passengers to and from French ports.[6] According to the Statistical Department of the U.S. Navy, Siboney had the shortest average in-port turnaround time out of 37 U.S. Navy transports used during World War I. The ship completed 17 round trips and had an average turn-around time of just under 30 days per trip, almost ten days shorter than the average of 39.8 days.[8]
On 10 September at Hoboken, Siboney was decommissioned and turned over to the War Department, who returned the ship to the Ward Line, her original owners.[6]
Interwar civilian service
After her reacquisition, the Ward Line placed SS Siboney in transatlantic service on a New York to
By November 1921, Siboney was placed in New York–Cuba–Mexico service, where business thrived, in part because of
Siboney underwent a major refit in 1924 during which time she was replaced on her routes by SS Yucatán, formerly the
On 18 February 1928, Siboney rammed and sank the coal barge Seneca off
Siboney continued her same routes into the 1930s, and by 1933 typical runs for Siboney were from New York to Havana, Progreso, and Veracruz and back, omitting Progreso on the return.
On 12 April 1941 at 13:30, 320 nautical miles (590 km) out of Lisbon, the ship—painted with a large American flag and "American Export" lettering on each side—was accosted by "two submarine chasers flying British ensigns" that fired shots over Siboney's bow, one of which landed less than 100 feet (30 m) away from the ship. According to Siboney's captain, Wenzel Habel, the two ships were British corvette types marked "K-25" and "K-125"—which may have been Flower-class corvettes HMS Azalea (K25) and HMCS Kenogami (K125). After answering questions from "K-25" shouted via loudspeaker, Siboney was allowed to resume her course. Habel filed a protest with British officials when Siboney docked at Bermuda.[26]
World War II Army service
At the conclusion of her seventh and final journey for American Export, Siboney was placed under time charter for duty as an Army transport.[3][23] After a hasty outfitting, the redesignated USAT Siboney was put to work transporting troops. Based in New York, she made trips up and down the Atlantic and into the Caribbean, and, by the end of 1941, had called at Bermuda, San Juan, Trinidad, St. John's, Charleston, Newport News, Cristóbal, Jamaica, and Panama.[3]
December 1941 saw Siboney depart from New York to Trinidad and on to
On 1 July 1942 the ship had been acquired by the War Shipping Administration (WSA) under a bareboat charter converting the Army's time charter to a sub bareboat charter. On 9 August 1943 WSA purchased the ship with the Army's bareboat charter continued.[27]
In early December 1942 Siboney departed for
The ship was renamed USAHS Charles A. Stafford after
With the alterations complete, the veteran ship—now homeported at
After sailing to her new homeport of New York via the Panama Canal during February 1946, Charles A. Stafford resumed her North Atlantic runs to the UK.[4]
On 30 August 1946 the Army transferred the ship to the
Footnotes
- ^ While Commonly called Ward Line all official documents such as registers and many references, including DANFS and Roland Charles' Troopships of World War II, use the owner's name: New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Company.
Notes
- ^ Gleaves, p. 93
- ^ a b "$5,000 gems stolen from woman at sea" (fee). The New York Times. 29 April 1935. p. 3. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ a b c d e Charles, p. 59.
- ^ a b c d e Charles, p. 332.
- ^ Crowell and Wilson, p. 321.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Naval History and Heritage Command. "Siboney I (ID-2999) 1918–1919". DANFS.
- ^ Naval Historical Center (28 November 2005). "USS Siboney (ID # 2999), 1918–1919 – Actions and Activities". Online Library of Selected Images. Navy Department, Naval Historical Center. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
- ^ United States Navy, Statistical Department (16 August 1919). "The Original U.S. Troop Transports". Archived from the original (image file) on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
- ^ "Siboney aground at Vigo" (PDF). The New York Times. 11 September 1920. p. 10. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ "Pittsburgh towed in" (PDF). The New York Times. 14 September 1920. p. 10. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ "Shipping and mails" (PDF). The New York Times. 27 October 1920. p. 22. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ a b c d Alderson, Michael. "Fleet List". Wardline.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
- ^ "Spanish ports…". The New York Times. 28 March 1921. p. 18.
- ^ a b Flayhart, p. 292.
- ^ a b c Larsson, Björn (21 April 2007). "Cuba Mail Line (New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Co. – Ward Line)". Maritime Timetable Images. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
- ^ "Seize hidden liquor on ship board boat" (PDF). The New York Times. 28 June 1922. p. 14. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ "Liquor death list mounts to eight" (fee). The New York Times. 28 December 1923. p. 17. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ "Florida cut off for hours by storm" (fee). The New York Times. 20 September 1926. p. 4. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ "Ward liner Siboney rams and sinks barge" (fee). The New York Times. 19 February 1928. p. 13. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ "Liner rams tugboat, engineer drowns" (fee). The New York Times. 6 January 1929. p. 36. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ Alderson, Michael. "History". Wardline.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
- ^ Alderson, Michael. "S.S. Siboney of 1917". Wardline.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
- ^ a b "Ship Finds $750,000 Ambergris – Maybe" (fee). The New York Times. 27 May 1941. p. 25. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ "Men's Fate". Time. 13 January 1941. Archived from the original on September 3, 2009. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
- ^ Schiff, p. 379
- ^ "U.S. liner halted by warships' fire" (fee). The New York Times. 22 April 1941. p. 5. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- ^ a b Maritime Administration. "Charles A. Stafford (See Status cards)". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
References
- Charles, Roland W. (April 1947). Troopships of World War II. Washington, D.C.: Army Transportation Association. OCLC 1871625.
- OCLC 287391. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
- Flayhart, William H. (2005). Disaster At Sea: Shipwrecks, Storms, and Collisions on the Atlantic. OCLC 56913373.
- OCLC 976757.
- Naval History and Heritage Command. "Siboney I (ID-2999) 1918–1919". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- OCLC 3283832.
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
External links
- USS Siboney (ID-2999) photo archive from the U.S. Navy Historical Center
- Photo gallery of USS Siboney (ID-2999) at NavSource Naval History
- Photos of SS Siboney from Wardline.com: