Ubaidullah Sindhi

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Imam-e Inqilab
Home Minister of the Provisional Government of India
In office
1 December 1915 – January 1919
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Personal
Born(1872-03-10)10 March 1872
scholar

Ubaidullah Sindhi (10 March 1872 – 21 August 1944) was a political activist of the Indian independence movement and one of its vigorous leaders. According to Dawn, Karachi, Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi struggled for the independence of British India and for an exploitation-free society in India.[4] He was also Home Minister of first Provisional Government of India established in Afghanistan in 1915.[5]

Ubaidullah Sindhi was the Life Member of Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central University in New Delhi, India. He served the Jamia Millia Islamia for a long period of time on a very low salary. A boys' hostel in Dr. Zakir Husain Hall of Boys' Residence in Jamia Millia Islamia has been named after him.

Early life and education

Ubaidullah was born on 10 March 1872

Silk Letter Conspiracy.[3]

Ubaidullah had reached

Hijaz (Saudi Arabia) where he spent about 14 years learning and pondering over the philosophy of Islam especially in the light of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi's works. In his career, he was a Pan-Islamic thinker.[3][4]

Conversion to Islam

When he was at school, a Hindu friend gave him the book Tufatul Hind to read.

Tirmidhi
from Maulana Nazeer Husain Dehalvi and read logic and philosophy with Maulana Ahmad Hasan Cawnpuri.

In 1891, Ubaidullah graduated from the Deoband school. In 1899, he left for

madrassah, Nazzaaratul Ma'arif, which was successful in propagating and spreading Islam among the people.[6]

Attempt to involve Afghanistan's ruler

Main articles:
Tehrek e Reshmi Rumal and Provisional Government of India
See also:
Indo-German Conspiracy

With the onset of

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad is known to have been involved in the movement prior to his arrest in 1916.[7][3]

Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi and Mahmud al Hasan (principal of the

Indian Freedom Movement.[9]

In late 1915, Sindhi was met in Kabul by the 'Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition' sent by the

Petrograd before meeting the Kaiser in Berlin, urging both to mobilise against British India.[15][16]

However, these plans faltered, Emir Habibullah remained steadfastly neutral while he awaited a concrete indication where the war was headed, even as his advisory council and family members indicated their support against Britain. The Germans withdrew their support in 1917, but the 'Provisional Government of India' stayed behind at Kabul. In 1919, this government was ultimately dissolved under British diplomatic pressure on Afghanistan. Ubaidullah had stayed in Kabul for nearly seven years. He even encouraged the young King Amanullah Khan, who took power in Afghanistan after Habibullah's assassination, in the Third Anglo-Afghan War. The conclusion of the war, ultimately, forced Ubaidullah Sindhi to leave Afghanistan as King Amanullah came under pressure from Britain.[17]

Later works

Ubaidullah then proceeded from Afghanistan to Russia, where he spent seven months at the invitation of the Soviet leadership, and was officially treated as a guest of the state. During this period, he studied the ideology of

Lenin who was severely ill at the time. Some people, at that time, thought that Sindhi was impressed by Communist ideals during his stay in Russia, however that is not true at all.[18] In 1923, Ubaidullah left Russia for Turkey where he initiated the third phase of the 'Shah Waliullah Movement' in 1924. He issued the 'Charter for the Independence of India' from Istanbul. Ubaidullah then left for Mecca, Arabia in 1927 and remained there until 1929. During this period, he brought the message of the rights of Muslims and other important religious issues to the people of Arabia. During his stay in Russia, he was not impressed by the Communist ideas but rather, after the Soviet revolution, he presented his belief to the Soviet government that: "Communism is not a natural law system but rather is a reaction to oppression, the natural law is offered by Islam".[This quote needs a citation
] He attempted to convince them in a very systematic and logical manner. But he could not give an answer at that time, when he was asked to provide an example of a state which was being run according to the laws of Islam.

Literary works

Among his famous books are:

Translation of his work

Pakistani columnist Farman Nawaz[21] translated his Urdu articles namely (Islam teaches lesson of harmony to human beings, The Basic Moral standards of Humanity, Theory of civilization, Survival of the fittest and Islam) into English.[22]

World outlook and philosophy

Ubaidullah Sindhi was of the view that the Quran uses Arabic words to make clear what God considers right and wrong. Other religious holy books like the Bible, the Gita and the Torah are also followed by many people around the world. He realized non-religious people (atheists) also existed in this world. After all he had spent some time among the communists in Russia. The individuals, who inaccurately interpreted the Bible and the Torah, were declared nonbelievers by Islam. In the same way, the person who incorrectly explains the Quran, can be declared an atheist. In Islam, the emphasis is clearly on God being eternal and everything in the universe belonging to Him alone. God alone is the Creator and Protector. It is evident from Ubaidullah Sindhi's travels around the world that he had an international and world outlook. It is also evident from his lifetime behavior and struggles that he wanted India not to be ruled by the British. He wanted India to be ruled by the Indians.[22]

Death

In 1936, the

Opposed to the partition of India, Ubaidullah led a conference supporting a united India in June 1941 at Kumbakonam.[23] Right after his return to India, he started meeting Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and planned his movement to Germany and Japan. They met several times and supposed to have discussed a plan similar to the one carried out by Ubaidullah, Raja Mahendra Pratap and Maulana Barkatullah during the First World War.[24] He was opposed to the Pakistan plan of Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Muslim League. In his view Muslims and Hindus of India were one civilization and he was against the idea of foreign help in Indian affairs.[25] Ubaidullah left for Rahim Yar Khan to visit his daughter in 1944. At the village 'Deen Pur' near Khanpur town in Rahim Yar Khan District, he was taken seriously ill and died on 21 August 1944.[3]
He was buried in the graveyard adjacent to the grave of his mentors.

Legacy

References

  1. ISBN 978-94-024-1267-3
    , retrieved 15 October 2022
  2. ^ Sindhi, Ubaidullah (1976). At-Tamheed li Ta'reef Aimma at-Tajdeed. THe Sindhi Adabi Board. p. 286.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Profile and commemorative postage stamp image of Ubaidullah Sindhi on Cybercity.net website". Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi remembered". Dawn newspaper. 23 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  5. ^ Khan, Naim Ullah (2015). "Political ideas and role of Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi". Aligarh Muslim University.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Why the British were scared of Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi?". www.awazthevoice.in. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  7. ^ a b Jalal 2007, p. 105
  8. ^ a b Reetz 2007, p. 142
  9. ^ a b Ansari 1986, p. 515
  10. ^ Qureshi 1999, p. 78
  11. ^ Qureshi 1999, pp. 77–82
  12. ^ Hughes 2002, p. 469
  13. ^ Ansari 1986, p. 516
  14. ^ Andreyev 2003, p. 95
  15. ^ Hughes 2002, p. 474
  16. ^ Hughes 2002, p. 470
  17. ^ a b "Of socialism and Islam". Dawn newspaper. 8 July 2011. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  18. ^ Sindhi, Ubaidullah. Shaoor o Aghai.
  19. hdl:10603/338413
    .
  20. hdl:10603/338413
    .
  21. ^ farmannawaz.wordpress.com
  22. ^ a b Ubaidullah Sindhi on wordpress.com website Published 1 February 2004, Retrieved 6 March 2019
  23. ^ Ali, Afsar (17 July 2017). "Partition of India and Patriotism of Indian Muslims". The Milli Gazette. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  24. ^ "Netaji Subhas and Ubaidullah Sindhi: A Nationalist Alliance". www.awazthevoice.in. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  25. ^ "Ulema forbid outsiders' interference in Indian Muslims' issues". www.awazthevoice.in. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

Sources

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