Ufa train disaster

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The Ufa train disaster was a

The accident was named after Ufa, the largest city in the Bashkir ASSR, although it occurred about 75 kilometres (47 miles) east of the city. An annual commemoration is usually held at the Ulu-Telyak station [ru], near the disaster site;^[2] there is a memorial at the site.^{[citation needed]}

Background

The pipeline had originally been designed for the transportation of oil but had been reformatted to transport wide fraction of light hydrocarbons similar to liquefied petroleum gas for the Soviet petrochemical industry. In May 1984, the Soviet Ministry of Petroleum had canceled the installation of an automatic real time leak detection system. In 1985, an excavator caused severe mechanical damage to the pipe in the form of a 1.7 metres (5.6 ft) crack during bypass construction. Additionally, on the night of the explosion, there was increased pressure in the system due to increased demand.^[3]

Accident

At 1:15 a.m., two

The explosion occurred after sparks from the overhead wiring feeding the locomotives of the two passenger trains, or wheel sparks ignited this flammable cloud. Estimates of the size of the explosion have ranged from 250–300 tons TNT equivalent to up to 10 kilotons TNT equivalent.^[5]

Military units and medical teams were dispatched to the scene of the accident, many of whom searched the surrounding woods and mountains in case victims managed to escape from the scene of the accident. Scenes of the accident were broadcast on Soviet television channels, with images of both the accident and victims being shown.^[4] Victims were initially evacuated to nearby towns for basic first aid, before they were evacuated by medical vehicles and helicopters to Ufa and Chelyabinsk or flown via Aeroflot to Moscow for the most severely injured. The total evacuation took 16 hours and 45 minutes with 806 people admitted to hospitals and burn centers.^[6]

Victims

Many of the victims died later in hospital; official figures are 575 dead and over 800 injured,^[2] but an unofficial estimate of the number of deaths is approximately 780.^{[citation needed]} 181 of the dead were children.^[1]

Many survivors received severe

According to Dmitry Chernov and Didier Sornette, the following factors contributed to the disaster:[10]

• Hurried work culture,
• Cancelling the addition of telemetry,
• Taking authority to stop trains away from dispatchers,
• Changing the type and the amount of the product sent through the pipe,
• Changing the allowed pipe pressure (instead of inspecting the reasons for the fall of gas pressure),
• Cutting corners,
• No proper processes in place for safe working.

Another factor, aside from the gas leak's factor set, was reported to be the failure to respond to multiple reports of the presence of gas in the air prior to the explosion.^{[citation needed]}

Aftermath

The next day was declared a national day of mourning with flags lowered and entertainment programs cancelled. A planned resumption of the National Congress of People's Deputies was also cancelled.^[4]

References