Ukiah, California
Ukiah, California | ||
---|---|---|
FIPS code 06-81134 | | |
GNIS feature IDs | 277623, 2412125 | |
Website | www |
Ukiah (/juːˈkaɪə/ yoo-KY-ə; Pomo: Yokaya, meaning "deep valley")[8] is the county seat and largest city of Mendocino County, California, with a population of 16,607[7] at the 2020 census. With its accessible location along the U.S. Route 101 corridor, Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County.
History
Establishment
Ukiah is located within Rancho Yokaya, one of several Spanish colonial land grants in what their colonists called Alta California. The Yokaya grant, which covered the majority of the Ukiah valley, was named for the Pomo word meaning "deep valley."[9] The Pomo are the indigenous people who occupied the area at the time of Spanish colonization.
Later European-American settlers adopted "Ukiah" as an anglicized version of this name for the city.[10]
Cayetano Juárez was granted Ukiah by Alta California. He was known to have a neutral relationship with the local Pomo people. He sold a southern portion of the grant (toward present-day Hopland) to the Burke brothers. The first Anglo settler in the Ukiah area was John Parker, a vaquero who worked for pioneer cattleman James Black.[11] Black had driven his stock up the Russian River valley and took over a block of grazing land at that locale. A crude blockhouse was constructed for Parker so he could have shelter to protect the herd from the hostile indigenous local people, who resented the squatters on their land.[11] The blockhouse was located just south of present-day Ukiah on the banks of what was known as Wilson Creek.[11]
The next Anglo settler was Samuel Lowry; in 1856 he built a log cabin approximately on the corner of today's East Perkins and North Main streets.[11] Lowery sold his claim to A.T. Perkins in the spring of 1857, and the latter moved his family into the valley. They were the first Anglo-American pioneer family of the township.[11] Six others followed to make their home there that same year.[11] The first United States post office opened in 1858.[8] By 1859, the population of Ukiah had grown to about 100 people, making it a community sufficient in size to serve as the county seat. Before this, administrative duties for Mendocino County had been handled by Sonoma County.[12]
Initially visitors could reach town only by stagecoach, or private horses. A short rail line from San Francisco terminated in Petaluma, nearly 80 miles (130 km) to the south. In 1870 the remainder of the trip to Ukiah took another two days by horse.[13] In subsequent years the rail line was extended further northward to Cloverdale. Although the stagecoach portion was reduced to 30 miles (48 km), the community was still relatively isolated and slow to develop.[13]
Ukiah was incorporated in 1876.[8] It was not until 1889 that the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad completed its line from Cloverdale to Ukiah, linking the Mendocino County seat to the national rail network.[14]
Economic history
Ukiah has been the hub of an agricultural and business community. Over the decades various commodity crops have been grown in the Ukiah Valley. They include pears, green beans, hops, apricots, and grapes. As part of California's Wine Country, grapes have become the predominant agricultural product.
Hops were once a major crop grown around Ukiah. The beer flavoring agent was first grown there in 1868 when L.F. Long of Largo grew an initial experimental crop.[13] The climate proved suitable for the crop and production expanded, peaking in 1885. It declined in the last years of the 1880s as prices dropped.[13] Mendocino County remained the third-largest producer of hops in the state of California in 1890, with well over 900 acres (3.6 km2) under cultivation.[15] Production continued well into the 20th century. A refurbished hop kiln can be seen at the north end of Ukiah east of Highway 101, where many of the old fields were located.
Ukiah's 20th-century population developed in relation to the lumber boom of the late 1940s. Logging of redwoods was once a major industry. Activists have worked to preserve areas of redwood forest, which became endangered due to overlogging. [citation needed] Young people entered the area from the 1960s, seeking alternative lifestyles and, in some cases, artisan and rural living.
Geography
Ukiah is in southeastern Mendocino County in the valley of the
Climate
Ukiah has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). Average rainfall for the area is 38.90 inches or 988 millimetres per year. Measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 77.1 days per year. The greatest monthly precipitation was 30.75 inches (781.0 mm) in January 1909 and the greatest 24-hour precipitation was 6.18 inches (157.0 mm) on December 22, 1964. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1997 to June 1998 with 72.74 inches (1,847.6 mm) and the driest from July 1976 to June 1977 with 14.20 inches (360.7 mm). Light snowfall occurs about every other year. The greatest recorded snowfall was 1.5 inches (0.038 m) on March 2, 1976, while the most in a month was 5 inches (0.13 m) in March 1896 and in January 1952. Temperatures reach 90 °F (32.2 °C) on an average of 61.0 afternoons annually and 100 °F (37.8 °C) on an average of 8.7 afternoons. Due to frequent low humidity, summer temperatures normally drop into the fifties at night. Freezing temperatures occur on an average 33.6 mornings per year. The record high temperature was 117 °F (47.2 °C) on September 6, 2022, and the record low temperature was 12 °F (−11.1 °C) on January 12, 1898.[16]
Climate data for Ukiah, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 82 (28) |
86 (30) |
93 (34) |
98 (37) |
106 (41) |
114 (46) |
114 (46) |
114 (46) |
117 (47) |
105 (41) |
92 (33) |
84 (29) |
117 (47) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 68.7 (20.4) |
74.1 (23.4) |
80.6 (27.0) |
86.9 (30.5) |
94.1 (34.5) |
101.9 (38.8) |
104.6 (40.3) |
104.0 (40.0) |
102.8 (39.3) |
93.1 (33.9) |
78.4 (25.8) |
67.1 (19.5) |
107.4 (41.9) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 56.9 (13.8) |
60.2 (15.7) |
64.8 (18.2) |
69.6 (20.9) |
76.3 (24.6) |
82.8 (28.2) |
91.1 (32.8) |
90.6 (32.6) |
87.0 (30.6) |
76.7 (24.8) |
62.8 (17.1) |
55.6 (13.1) |
72.9 (22.7) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.1 (8.4) |
49.2 (9.6) |
52.3 (11.3) |
56.0 (13.3) |
61.8 (16.6) |
67.3 (19.6) |
73.4 (23.0) |
72.4 (22.4) |
69.1 (20.6) |
61.1 (16.2) |
51.4 (10.8) |
45.9 (7.7) |
58.9 (15.0) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 37.4 (3.0) |
38.3 (3.5) |
39.7 (4.3) |
42.4 (5.8) |
47.3 (8.5) |
51.9 (11.1) |
55.6 (13.1) |
54.2 (12.3) |
51.3 (10.7) |
45.5 (7.5) |
40.0 (4.4) |
36.2 (2.3) |
45.0 (7.2) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 26.7 (−2.9) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
34.0 (1.1) |
38.8 (3.8) |
44.7 (7.1) |
49.8 (9.9) |
49.1 (9.5) |
43.2 (6.2) |
36.3 (2.4) |
29.1 (−1.6) |
25.8 (−3.4) |
23.8 (−4.6) |
Record low °F (°C) | 12 (−11) |
18 (−8) |
22 (−6) |
23 (−5) |
28 (−2) |
35 (2) |
39 (4) |
38 (3) |
30 (−1) |
24 (−4) |
19 (−7) |
13 (−11) |
12 (−11) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 7.39 (188) |
6.98 (177) |
5.33 (135) |
2.81 (71) |
1.71 (43) |
0.41 (10) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.05 (1.3) |
0.20 (5.1) |
1.95 (50) |
4.11 (104) |
7.96 (202) |
38.90 (988) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 12.5 | 11.9 | 10.2 | 7.8 | 5.0 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 9.8 | 13.7 | 77.1 |
Source 1: NOAA[17] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Weather Service[16] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 624 | — | |
1870 | 966 | 54.8% | |
1880 | 933 | −3.4% | |
1890 | 1,627 | 74.4% | |
1900 | 1,850 | 13.7% | |
1910 | 2,136 | 15.5% | |
1920 | 2,305 | 7.9% | |
1930 | 3,124 | 35.5% | |
1940 | 3,731 | 19.4% | |
1950 | 6,120 | 64.0% | |
1960 | 9,900 | 61.8% | |
1970 | 10,095 | 2.0% | |
1980 | 12,035 | 19.2% | |
1990 | 14,599 | 21.3% | |
2000 | 15,497 | 6.2% | |
2010 | 16,075 | 3.7% | |
2020 | 16,607 | 3.3% | |
2022 (est.) | 16,496 | [18] | −0.7% |
U.S. Decennial Census[19] 1870 Census[20] |
Racial and ethnic composition | 2000[21] | 2010[22] | 2020[23] |
---|---|---|---|
White (non-Hispanic) | 72.4% | 62.87% | 54.04% |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 19.31% | 27.73% | 32.78% |
Two or more races (non-Hispanic)
|
2.57% | 2.84% | 5.56% |
Asian (non-Hispanic)
|
1.64% | 2.46% | 3.0% |
Native American (non-Hispanic) | 3.03% | 2.75% | 2.9% |
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)
|
0.89% | 0.98% | 1.04% |
Other (non-Hispanic) | 0.06% | 0.19% | 0.54% |
Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) | 0.09% | 0.16% | 0.16% |
2010
The
The Census reported that 15,301 people (95.2% of the population) lived in households, 281 (1.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 493 (3.1%) were institutionalized.
There were 6,158 households, out of which 2,049 (33.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,317 (37.6%) were
The population was spread out in age, with 3,981 people (24.8%) under the age of 18, 1,562 people (9.7%) aged 18 to 24, 4,184 people (26.0%) aged 25 to 44, 4,011 people (25.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,337 people (14.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.
There were 6,488 housing units at an average density of 1,373.8 per square mile (530.4/km2), of which 2,673 (43.4%) were owner-occupied, and 3,485 (56.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 6,733 people (41.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 8,568 people (53.3%) lived in rental housing units.
2000
As of the
There were 5,985 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the city, the population was spread out in age, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.
The median
As a community, Ukiah has roughly twice the number of people (including
) as the census reports. During the business day, an average of 40,000 people work inside the city limits, or in the business and residential neighborhoods to the north and south.Economy
Major employers in Ukiah include:[26]
- Mendocino County
- Ukiah Valley Medical Center
- Mendocino Forest Products
- Walmart
- Savings Bank of Mendocino County
- Mendocino Community Health Clinics
- Granite Construction
- The Home Depot
- Lucky
- Federal Express
- Safeway Supermarket
- Westside Rennaissance Market
Major products
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2018) |
Ukiah is known for wine production. Some very large production wineries, including Brutocao, Fife, Parducci, Frey, and Bonterra have become established here since the late 20th century. Ukiah vintners are known for innovating with organic and sustainable practices.
Ukiah was previously a major producer of
The Ukiah Valley is home to the Ukiah Brewing Company, a
Arts and culture
Institutions of the arts include:
- SPACE - School of Performing Arts and Cultural Education
- Ukiah Players Theatre
- The Mendocino Ballet
- Ukiah Civic Light Opera
- Grace Hudson Museum
- Ukiah Symphony Orchestra
- Ukiah Community Concert Association
- The Spring House
Recreation
- Alex R. Thomas Plaza
- Gardner Park
- Giorno Park
- Great Redwood Trail[28]
- Low Gap Park
- McGarvey Park
- Oak Manor Park
- Observatory Park
- Orchard Park
- Riverside Park
- Todd Grove Park
- Ukiah Skate Park
- Ukiah Sports Complex
- Vinewood Park
Government
Ukiah uses a council–manager form of government in which policy is set by a five-member city council, elected at-large to four-year terms. The council appoints both the mayor and the city manager.[29]
- Mayor until December 2024 - Josefina Dueñas [4] (appointed by council based on seniority for a one-year term)
- City council:
- City Manager - Sage Sangiacomo[30]
- City Treasurer - Allen Carter[4]
- City Clerk - Kristine Lawler[31] (appointed)
- City Attorney - David Rapport[32]
In the
In the United States House of Representatives, Ukiah is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.[35]
The tribal headquarters of both the Pinoleville Pomo Nation and the Potter Valley Tribe are in Ukiah.[36]
Transportation
The Amtrak Thruway 7 bus provides daily connections to/from Ukiah (with a curbside stop at 397 North Orchard Avenue) and Martinez to the south, to/from Arcata to the north. Additional Amtrak connections are available from Martinez station.[37]
Education
Ukiah Unified School District
- Ukiah High School
- Calpella Elementary School
- Eagle Peak Middle School (Redwood Valley)
- Nokomis Elementary School
- Oak Manor Elementary School
- Pomolita Middle School
- South Valley High School
- Yokayo Elementary School
- Frank Zeek Elementary School
- Tree of Life Montessori Charter School
- Grace Hudson Elementary School
- River Oak Charter School
- Ukiah Independent Study Academy
- Calpella Preschool
- Preschool Village
- Small Wonders State Preschool
- Yokayo State Preschool
- Ukiah Adult School
Other K–12 schools
- Sequoia Career Academy
- Redwood Collegiate Academy
- Deep Valley Christian School
- Ukiah Junior Academy
- Instilling Goodness / Developing Virtue School
- St. Mary of the Angels Catholic School
Former K–12 schools
Colleges
Notable people
- AFI lead vocalist Davey Havok, guitarist Jade Puget, drummer Adam Carson, and tour managers Jake MacLachlan and Smith Puget were all raised in Ukiah,[40] as were original-lineup guitarist Mark Stopholese and bassist Vic Chalker.
- Phoebe Bridgers, three-time Grammy-nominated singer, spent part of her childhood in Ukiah.[41]
- Ed Burke, U.S. Olympic hammer thrower[42]
- Aurelius O. Carpenter, photographer
- Melissa Chaty, beauty queen, Miss California in 2008[43]
- McKenna Faith, singer-songwriter[44][45]
- Shiloh Fernandez, actor, born and raised in Ukiah[46]
- Robben Ford, blues guitarist, raised in Ukiah[47][48]
- Casey Frey, social media comedian and dancer, born and raised in Ukiah
- Sally Miller Gearhart, feminist and lesbian author and activist, died in Ukiah[49]
- Leonard Lake, serial killer, lived near Ukiah in the early 1980s[52]
- Mary McNair Mathews (1834–1903), Nevada historian, died in Ukiah[53][54]
- Darrell McClure, cartoonist of Little Annie Rooney and illustrator, born in Ukiah to painter Ethel Jameson Docker[55]
- Don Mossi, Major League Baseball pitcher for several teams
- Holly Near, singer-songwriter, born in Ukiah
- Nick 13, lead singer of Tiger Army, raised in Ukiah[56]
- Hal Perry, professional basketball player and civil-rights lawyer, raised in Ukiah[57]
- Bay Raitt, animator and video game designer known for developing Gollum's facial modeling in the Lord of the Rings films and various other works[58]
- Aaron Rodgers, National Football League quarterback, spent four years of his childhood in Ukiah[59][60]
- Carl Sassenrath, architect of operating systems and computer languages, created the Amiga computer operating system in 1985, later worked at Apple, subsequently moved to and runs his own company at his Ukiah ranch[61]
- U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, born in Ukiah
- Gary Scott Thompson, television and film screenwriter and producer, graduated from Ukiah High School in 1977[62]
- Rick Warren, pastor, author and Ukiah High School graduate[63][64]
In popular culture
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2021) |
- "Ukiah" is the name and subject of a song on the 1973 Doobie Brothers album The Captain and Me.
- "Ukiah" is the name and subject of the fifth song from Robert Francis' album Heaven.[65]
- Ukiah is featured prominently in C.D. Payne's novel Youth in Revolt.
- Ukiah is one of six original locations of an International Latitude Observatory.
- Competing in the men's Division III club level bracket, the Mendocino Steam Donkeys Rugby Football Club rugby union team, based in the Ukiah area, are the first official NCRFU team in the county.
- Ukiah was the initial home in California of Peoples Temple.
- Ukiah's newspaper is the Ukiah Daily Journal.
- Ukiah was named in the 1987 Dragnet film as being where Frank Smith, Joe Friday's partner, moved to after quitting the force and buying a goat farm.
See also
- Pomo people
- First Baptist Church (Ukiah, California)
References
- ^ Anderson, Glenda (April 8, 2016). "Historic Ukiah post office up for sale again". Santa Rosa Press Democrat. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ a b "City Manager's Office". City of Ukiah, CA. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Ukiah City Council". City of Ukiah, CA. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- ^ a b "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files: California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
- ^ "Ukiah". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ a b "P1. Race – Ukiah city, California: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
- ^ ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
- ^ History of Ukiah, California (Part 1) in History of Mendocino County, California. San Francisco, California: Alley, Bowen & Co., (rays-place.com). 1880. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
- ^ Alfred L. Kroeber, "California Place Names of Indian Origin," Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. 12, no. 2 (1916), pp. 31-69.
- ^ a b c d e f Lyman Palmer, History of Mendocino County, California, Comprising Its Geography, Geology, Topography, Climatography, Springs and Timber. San Francisco, CA: Alley, Bowen and Co., 1880; pg. 475.
- ^ Palmer, History of Mendocino County, California, pg. 476.
- ^ a b c d Carl Purdy, "Ukiah, 1870-1890: Interesting Reminiscences; Progress Made; Products of Our Valley," Dispatch-Democrat [Ukiah City], vol. 21, no. 15 (Jan. 10, 1890), pg. 2.
- ^ Stindt, Fred A. (1978). The Northwestern Pacific Railroad Redwood Empire Route (3rd ed.). Fred A. Stindt.
- ^ "Hops," Dispatch-Democrat [Ukiah City], vol. 21, no. 20 (Feb. 14, 1890), pg. 1.
- ^ a b "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
- ^ "Census.gov: American Community Survey 2022".
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). Census.gov.
- ^ "2000: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". US Census Bureau.
- ^ "2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". US Census Bureau.
- ^ "2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". US Census Bureau.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Ukiah city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "North Bay Business Journal: Book of Lists # North San Francisco Bay Area, Sonoma, Marin, Napa counties". lists.northbaybusinessjournal.com. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
- ^ a b Anderson, Glenda (July 26, 2011). "New life for old Ukiah pear-packing plant". Santa Rosa Press Democrat. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- ^ Murphy, Austin (February 21, 2021). "Great Redwood Trail, years from completion, enters planning phase". Santa Rosa Press Democrat. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
- ^ "City Hall". City of Ukiah. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
- ^ "Ukiah reorganizes with new city manager". ukiahdailyjournal.com. July 11, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
- ^ "Office of the City Clerk". City of Ukiah, CA. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^ "REACTION to the Kelly decision: David Rapport, Ukiah City Attorney". Ukiah Daily Journal. January 21, 2010. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
- ^ "Senators". State of California. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
- ^ "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
- ^ "California's 2nd Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
- ^ California Tribes and Organizations, 500 Nations, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ https://amtraksanjoaquins.com/route-7/
- ^ Cinek, Zack; Krauth, Monica (May 28, 2009). "Trinity School in Ukiah to close - update". Ukiah Daily Journal. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
- ^ Anderson, Glenda (July 31, 2009). "Ukiah youth home shuts its doors". The Press Democrat. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
- ^ "AFI Biography". Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
- ^ Warda, Val (August 16, 2016). "Ukiah Idol 2016 winners announced". The Ukiah Daily Journal. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ Edward Burke, SR/Olympic Athletes, 2013
- ^ Mason, Clark (January 27, 2008). "Ukiah's own just misses Miss America crown". The Press Democrat. Archived from the original on August 14, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
- ^ Taylor, Dan (January 15, 2011). "Ukiah Teen's Faith in music". Press Democrat. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ Maginnis-Honey, Amy (September 21, 2011). "16-year-old aspires to country music career". Daily Republic. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
The Ukiah resident
- ^ Hester, Carole (December 27, 2013). "Looking About". Ukiah Daily Journal. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-02-864862-0.
- ^ Vintage Guitar magazine interview, April 29, 2001
- ^ "Lesbian educator Sally Gearhart dies". The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-915580-04-0.
- ^ Our Story Archived October 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Grace Hudson Museum, 2013
- ISBN 978-0-8160-3979-1.
- ^ Watson, Anita (November 3, 2011). "Mary McNair Mathews". The Online Nevada Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-87417-759-6. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
- ^ Darrel McClure Biography, Ask Art, 2013
- ^ "Ghost Tigers: Frequently Asked Questions". Retrieved December 1, 2007.
- ^ Harold Leonard Perry Sr., Inside Bay Area from May 3–4, 2009, accessed October 10, 2013
- ^ "'Lord of the Rings' Animation Supervisor Randall William Cook Speaks Out On Andy Serkis". May 13, 2014.
- ^ "'Free throws' are his forte". Ukiah Daily Journal. January 3, 1993. p. 1. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
- ^ Jackel, Pete (October 6, 2005). "Focus on Football: Rodgers preparing for his moment". RacineSportsZone.com. JournalTimes.com. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
- ^ Jeudy, Sébastien, Interview with Carl Sassenrath, Obligement, May 2007, accessed October 10, 2013
- ^ "About". Gary Scott Thompson. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Brodsky, Carole (January 18, 2009). "Local boy makes great: the Rick Warren story". Ukiah Daily Journal. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ISBN 978-0-425-20174-9.
- ^ Topinka, Andrea (April 11, 2014). "In guten Momenten zwischen Ryan Adams und Leonard Cohen". laut.de (in German). Retrieved June 29, 2021.
Further reading
- Aurelius O. Carpenter and Percy H. Millberry, History of Mendocino and Lake Counties, California: With Biographical Sketches of the Leading Men and Women of the Counties Who Have Been Identified with their Growth and Development from the Early Days to the Present. Los Angeles, CA: Historic Record Co., 1914.
- Lyman Palmer, History of Mendocino County, California, Comprising Its Geography, Geology, Topography, Climatography, Springs and Timber. San Francisco, CA: Alley, Bowen and Co., 1880.