Ulmus minor 'Sarniensis'
Ulmus minor 'Sarniensis' | |
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Species | Ulmus minor |
Cultivar | 'Sarniensis' |
Origin | Guernsey, or Brittany |
The
Melville, believing the cultivar a hybrid between Cornish elm U. minor 'Stricta' and Dutch elm Ulmus × hollandica, adopted the name U. × sarniensis (Loud.) Bancroft.[9][10] Its clonal origin is (to date) suspected rather than proved, but the apparent uniformity of this taxon makes it likely to be a clone. A number of specimens in northern Britain were DNA-tested in 2013 by Forest Research, Roslin, Midlothian, and were found to be the same clone.[11] Arguing in a 2002 paper that there was no clear distinction between species and subspecies, and suggesting that known or suspected clones of U. minor, once cultivated and named, should be treated as cultivars, Dr Max Coleman of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh preferred the designation U. minor 'Sarniensis'.[12]
Guernsey elm was often misnamed 'Cornish elm' in the UK by the local authorities who planted it extensively.[13][3] It was sometimes confused in continental Europe with the similar 'Monumentalis'.[14][15] ('Sarniensis' is known as monumentaaliep [:monumental elm] in The Netherlands.[16][17])
Description
The tree has a compact, columnar form, not dissimilar to the
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Purplish haze of flowering Guernsey Elm, Granton, Edinburgh
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Guernsey Elm (left centre) leafing early summer (Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh)
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Guernsey Elms (top left), foliage still dark green in early winter (Princes Street Gardens)
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Guernsey Elm in late October, Shirley Drive, Hove
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Bark of 'Sarniensis'
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Burl on 'Sarniensis' trunk
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Young 'Sarniensis' spreading from suckers
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Guernsey elms spreading with age, Preston Park, Brighton (2005)
Pests and diseases
Guernsey elm is very susceptible to Dutch elm disease.
Cultivation
With its light, upcurving branches, Guernsey elm never became a danger, unlike
One tree, supplied by the Späth nursery,[24] was planted in 1897 as U. campestris sarniensis at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada.[25] 'Sarniensis' was introduced to the United States, featuring in the 1904 catalogue of Frederick W. Kelsey as Ulmus Wheatlyi.[26] In the catalogue of the Plumfield Nursery of Fremont, Nebraska, 1934, its origin was given as Holland. It was described as "a round-headed tree with small glossy leaves, [which] hybridized with American White Elm" (:Ulmus americana), a crossing that would seem unlikely given the ploidy differences.[27] 'Sarniensis' remains in cultivation in the Morton Arboretum.[28] The Ulmus monumentalis introduced to Australia in 1873 is thought to have been 'Sarniensis'.[29]
Notable trees
Elwes considered the Richmond public gardens 'Wheatley', c.90 ft. tall, the finest he had seen.[4] Among the largest surviving specimens of Guernsey elm in the UK are one in Warriston Cemetery, Edinburgh (2017), bole-girth 3 m, and the one in Preston Park, Brighton. The latter is 34 m tall with a trunk 115 cm d.b.h. (diameter at breast height) in 2006, part of a line of trees averaging 30 m in height planted circa 1880. As of June 2020, the specimen beside the cafe in Blakers Park, Brighton, has become the 'national champion', according to the National Elm Collection, following the felling of the Preston Park specimen. The tallest on record in the UK stands on Paradise Drive, Eastbourne and had a height of 36 m in 2007.
In North America, the tree lines West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.[30]
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'Sarniensis' at Richmond, London, circa 1913
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Surviving 'Sarniensis', Skegness, Lincolnshire (2017)
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The 'national champion' Wheatley elm, as at 13 June 2020, in Blakers Park, Brighton
Etymology
The tree is named for the
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A comparatively level-branched tree labelled 'Wheatleyi', Holland, 1912[36]
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'Sarniensis' in Naarden, the U. monumentalis or monumentaaliep [:monumental elm] of The Netherlands
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'Sarniensis' in Tilburg, the U. monumentalis or monumentaaliep [:monumental elm] of The Netherlands (c.1909)
Varieties
Some authorities consider 'Dickson's Golden Elm' a form of Guernsey elm. The nursery Messieurs Otin père et fils of Saint-Étienne sold an Ulmus Wheatleyi aurea pyramidalis, with leaves marbled yellow, in 1882.[37]
Accessions
- North America
- Holden Arboretum, US. as U. × Sarniensis. Acc. no. 56-185.
- Morton Arboretum, US. as U. carpinifolia 'Sarniensis'. Acc. nos. 591-22, 212-40, 1043-41, all garden collected.
- Smith College, US. as U. carpinifolia 'Sarniensis'. Acc. no. 8120PA.
- United States National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., US. One small tree imported 2011. No accession details available.
- Europe
- NCCPG Elm Collection.[38]Including the world's best line at Preston Park; with fine avenues at Surrenden Crescent, Elm Grove, Shirley Drive, Carden Hill. This species is still planted in the city.
- Grange Farm Arboretum [1], Sutton St James, Spalding, Lincs., UK. Acc. no. 832.
- National Botanic Gardens [2], Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. Location: A3 (153)
- Wakehurst Place Garden, Wakehurst Place, UK. As U. × Sarniensis. Acc. nos. 1977-67, 1977-68, collected by Melville.
- Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands, Elm Arboretum; 2 trees planted 2019, Overmeerseweg, Nederhorst den Berg.
- Australasia
- Eastwoodhill Arboretum [3], Gisborne, New Zealand. 1 tree (as U. minor 'Sarniensis'), details not known.
Nurseries
- North America
None known.
- Europe
References
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ a b Howes, C. A. (2002). The Wheatley Elm: Is it part of Yorkshire's arboricultural heritage? Doncaster Museum & Art Gallery, unpublished paper.
- ^ a b c d Howes, C. A. (2007). Seaward, M. R. D. (ed.). "The Wheatley elm: A fading part of Yorkshire's arbocultural heritage?". The Naturalist. 132 (1060): 63–66.
- ^ a b c d Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. pp. 1891–1892.
- ^ Quayle, Thomas (1815). General View of the Agriculture and Present State of the Islands on the Coast of Normandy, Subject to the Crown of Great Britain. Sherwood, Neely & Jones. pp. 271–272. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
- ^ Loudon, J. C., Hortus lignosus londinensis (London 1838), p.92-4
- ^ Richens, R. H., Elm (Cambridge, 1983), p.54
- ^ Richens, R. H., Elm (Cambridge, 1983), p.54, p.96
- ^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ^ beanstreesandshrubs.org
- ^ A’Hara, Stuart; Cottrell, Joan (2013). "More on the Wheatley elm" (PDF). Ecotype. Autumn: 3. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ Coleman M. (2002) 'British elms.' British Wildlife 13 (6): 390–395.
- ^ Mitchell, A. (1996) The Trees of Britain (London)
- ^ Henry John Elwes & Augustine Henry, (1913), The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland, Vol.7, p.1891
- ^ F. J., Fontaine (1968). "Ulmus". Dendroflora. 5: 37–55. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ^ Amsterdamse Iepen, bomeninfo.nl
- ^ Trees in The Netherlands labelled 'Monumentalis', with 'Sarniensis' to the right; Nationaal Archief, www.gahetna.nl
- ^ McClintock, D. (1975). The Wild Flowers of Guernsey. Collins, London.
- ^ White, J. & More, D. (2002). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
- ^ Reeves, Karen (2012-10-05). "Edinburgh's trees with a story - Braidburn Valley Park - Wheatley Elms". The City of Edinburgh Council. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
- ^ "Herbarium specimen 308672, herbariaunited.org" Sheet labelled U. campestris var. Wheatleyi, Guernsey Elm, Kew Gardens specimen, 1909, A. Ley; "Herbarium specimen - L.1590823". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. angustifolia var. sarniensis, Jersey, 1958; "Herbarium specimen - L.4214749". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. New leaves and samara of 'Wheatleyi', Banbury Rd, Oxford, 1936; "Herbarium specimen - L.L.1582463". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. New leaves and samarae of 'Wheatleyi', Wraxall, Somerset, 1936
- ^ amsterdambomen.nl[permanent dead link]
- ^ 'Sarniensis', Titiaanstraat, Amsterdam, bomeninfo.nl
- ^ Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
- ^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
- ^ General catalogue, 1904 : choice hardy trees, shrubs, evergreens, roses, herbaceous plants, fruits, etc. New York: Frederick W. Kelsey. 1904. pp. 18.
- ^ Moffet, L. A. The Plumfield Nurseries, Bulletin No. 2, March 7, 1934. Plumfield Nurseries, Fremont, Nebraska.
- ^ cirrusimage.com
- ^ Brookes, Margaret, & Barley, Richard, Plants listed in nursery catalogues in Victoria, 1855-1889 (Ornamental Plant Collection Association, South Yarra, Victoria, 1992), p.303–304
- ^ "Google Maps". Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ Chailland, M. (1769). Dictionnaire raisonné des eaux et forets. Paris.
- ^ Deterville, P. (1809). Nouveau cours complet d'agriculture théorique et pratique ou Dictionnaire raisonné et universel d'agriculture. Vol. 9. Paris. p. 284. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ Simon-Louis Catalogue, Metz, 1869, p. 97
- ^ Anthony Waterer's catalogue. 1880. p. 21.
- ^ Wilkinson, Gerald, Epitaph for the Elm (London, 1978), p.71
- ^ Onze Tuinen, December 1912
- ^ André, Édouard (1882). "Exposition de l'association horticole lyonnaise". Revue Horticole: 436. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
- ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.