Ulsan
Ulsan
울산시 | ||
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McCune-Reischauer Ulsan gwangyŏksi | | |
White heron | ||
Website | Official website (English) |
Ulsan (Korean pronunciation: [uɭ.s͈an]), officially the Ulsan Metropolitan City, is South Korea's seventh-largest metropolitan city and the eighth-largest city overall, with a population of over 1.1 million inhabitants.[2] It is located in the south-east of the country, neighboring Busan to the south and facing Gyeongju to the north.
Ulsan is the industrial powerhouse of South Korea, forming the heart of the Ulsan Industrial District. It has the world's largest
Administrative divisions
Ulsan is divided into four gu (districts) and one gun (county):
- Buk District (북구; 北區)
- Dong District (동구; 東區)
- Jung District (중구; 中區)
- Nam District (남구; 南區)
- Ulju County (울주군; 蔚州郡)
History
Stone tools found at the
In 1592, the future Port of Ulsan was the site of a major battle when warrior monks joined citizen soldiers in resisting Japanese invasion.[9] On January 29, 1598, a combined military operation between Korea and China tried to besiege the castle, but failed as reinforcements from Japan came to delay the fighting.[9] Records from the Joseon Dynasty show that Ulsan was developed as a shipbuilding site as early as 1642.[10]
Owing to the two World Wars, Ulsan began to grow as an industrial center. During this time it was part of
Geography
Ulsan is bounded on Busan. Busan is 70 km (43 mi) to the south.
Climate
Ulsan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ulsan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, bordering on Cwa), with cold but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly means range from 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) in January to 25.9 °C (78.6 °F) in August, with diurnal temperature ranges generally low. Its location on the Korean peninsula results in a seasonal lag. The warmest days occur in August and averaging very near 30 °C (86 °F). Precipitation is relatively low in the winter months, but there is high rainfall from April to September.
Climate data for Ulsan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1932–present) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.5 (95.9) |
38.2 (100.8) |
38.8 (101.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
38.8 (101.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
8.4 (47.1) |
13.7 (56.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.4 (50.7) |
4.3 (39.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
12.1 (53.8) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −14.3 (6.3) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
7.9 (46.2) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.6 (1.52) |
39.9 (1.57) |
68.4 (2.69) |
96.9 (3.81) |
107.4 (4.23) |
155.5 (6.12) |
234.1 (9.22) |
234.1 (9.22) |
170.3 (6.70) |
74.8 (2.94) |
44.2 (1.74) |
28.4 (1.12) |
1,292.6 (50.89) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.5 | 6.0 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 13.6 | 12.7 | 10.5 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 100.8 |
Average snowy days | 1.8 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 6.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
48.5 | 50.5 | 56.1 | 59.1 | 64.6 | 73.5 | 78.6 | 77.7 | 75.8 | 67.1 | 60.0 | 50.9 | 63.5 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 192.8 | 184.4 | 200.9 | 213.1 | 221.4 | 171.9 | 155.7 | 175.8 | 159.0 | 196.4 | 183.6 | 194.5 | 2,249.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 61.2 | 57.4 | 50.6 | 52.8 | 49.5 | 39.6 | 34.2 | 40.0 | 40.3 | 55.3 | 58.8 | 64.0 | 49.2 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
Source 1: Korea Meteorological Administration (percent sunshine 1981–2010)[14][15][16] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[17] |
Demographics
Religion
According to the 2015 census, a majority of Ulsan residents did not belong to any religion. Buddhism was the most common religion with 29.8% of residents being adherents, followed by Protestantism at 10.9% and Roman Catholicism at 4.2%.
Economy
As the centre of the Ulsan Industrial District, the city is the corporate base of the multinational Hyundai conglomerate. Up to 1962, Ulsan operated as a fishing port and market centre. As part of South Korea's first five-year economic plan, Ulsan became an open port. Additionally, the government designated Ulsan as a Special Industrial District,[19] which encouraged development of major industrial plants and factories: an oil refinery, fertilizer plants, automobile production, and heavy industries were developed here. The shipbuilding port Bangeojin was annexed by the city in 1962.
Amid a global downturn in shipbuilding,
The city has the world's third largest [
Ulsan is the home of the world's largest
In November 2011,
Transportation
The city transport department plans to build a light-rail line. The public transportation system is as good as any other major Korean city. The bus system shows a specific ETA at most bus stops.[31]
Sports
The city hosts the
It is also home to the University of Ulsan and its sports programs. Ulsan also hosts Korean Basketball League team Ulsan Hyundai Mobis Phoebus. Their home ground is Dongchun Gymnasium, which located in Jung-Gu.[34]
Lotte Giants, a KBO League baseball club in Busan, plays some of their home matches at the Ulsan Munsu Baseball Stadium.
Tourist attractions
In Yeongnam Alps, there are seven tall mountains (Gajisan, Sinbulsan, Ganwolsan, Cheonhwangsan, Yeongchuksan, Goheonsan, Jaeyaksan) over 1,000m above sea level. Sinbulsan (MT.) Ridge, where grasses turn silver in autumn, is one of the best sights to see in the Yeongnam Alps. Eoksae festival is held every early October in Ganwoljae, which is best known for its colony of silver grass. Korea's largest traditional folk Onggi (earthware) village is Oegosan. The traditional Onggi (earthware) manufacturing process is carried on here and is open to tourists, including Onggi workshops and kilns. The Ulsan Onggi museum offers a variety of information related to Onggi and displays a diversity of this earthware.
As the only whale museum in Korea, Jangsaengpo Whale Museum collects, maintains and displays whaling-related artifacts. They have become more rare since 1986, when whaling was internationally prohibited in order to protect the species. The museum provides a variety of information related to whales and marine ecosystems; it is a space for education, research and experience. Whale cruises depart from Jangsaengpo port.
Ulsan Grand Park is claimed as the best ecology park in a downtown area in Korea, boasting a vast area of 3,640,000 m2 (39,180,634 sq ft). "Natural, Clean and Comfortable" are the main themes, and it is a place for urbanites to seek nature. It sponsors a variety of events and festivals for families. It is a pleasant place for relaxation where you can breathe in nature during daily life[citation needed]. In particular, the Rose Festival every June presents a feast for the eyes and nose. Taehwagang (River) National Garden; Simnidaesup (10-ri bamboo grove), one of the 12 scenic beauties of Ulsan, was restored; now the river and the bamboo grove are connected. This space expresses the related ecology of the area, showing the importance of nature and environment. It allows visitors the chance to observe and experience wildlife in its natural environment and to relax while being one of nature. Ulsan has beautiful beaches (Jinha, Ilsan). Daewangam Park features a lush, hundred-year-old pine forest. Ganjeolgot Cape is noted as the first place to see the sunrise from the Korean peninsula. A sunrise festival is held every New Year's Day.
Ulsan Industry Park has been leading the Pacific Rim industry in the 21st century. Ulsan has Hyundai Motor Company, with the world's largest single-purpose plant; Hyundai Heavy Industries, the biggest heavy industry leader in the world; Hyundai Mipo Shipbuilding, and Petrochemical Park, leaders in Korea's chemistry industry.
-
Twilight view of Taehwa River and downtown area
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Industrial Complex area in Ulsan
Festival
- April : Seo Duk-chul Original Children's Song Competitions
- July ~ August : Ulsan Summer Festival
- December 31 ~ January 1 : Ganjeolgot Sunrise Festival
In media
Ulsan is one of the filming locations of the
Twin towns – sister cities
The following table lists the twin towns/sister cities of Ulsan:[35][36]
City | Region | Country | Year |
---|---|---|---|
Hagi | Yamaguchi Prefecture | Japan | 1981 |
Portland | Oregon | United States | 1987 |
Changchun | Jilin | China | 1994 |
Kocaeli Province | Turkey | 2002 | |
Santos | São Paulo | Brazil | 2002 |
Khánh Hòa Province
|
Vietnam | 2002 | |
Tomsk | Tomsk Oblast | Russia | 2003 |
Wuxi | Jiangsu | China | 2006 |
Montevideo | Montevideo Department | Uruguay | 2012 |
Chennai | Tamil Nadu | India | 2016 |
Mandalay | Mandalay Region | Myanmar | 2017 |
Houston | Texas | United States | 2021 |
Notable people
- Kim Young-chul, comedian and singer
- Kim Tae-hee, actress
- Han Chae-ah, actress
- Oh Yoon-ah, actress
- Raina, singer (After School and Orange Caramel)
- Tei, singer
- Seo In-guk, singer and actor
- Yura, singer (Girl's Day)
- Jang Ki-yong, model and actor
- Kim Min-kyu, actor and former Produce X 101 contestant
- Yumdda, rapper
- Lee Wan, actor
- Han So-hee, actress
- Lee So-hee, badminton player
- Kim Su-ji, diver
- Bibi, singer
- Kim Seung-gyu, football player
- Jung Woo-young, football player
- Lee Jae-sung, football player
- Seol Young-woo, football player
See also
- Bangudae Petroglyphs
- List of cities in South Korea
- List of oil refineries
- List of South Korean regions by GDP
References
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- ^ Yonhap News. 2009-10-16. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
- ^ 천혜 절경 바닷가가 세계 최대 조선소로 변모 - 오마이뉴스. Ohmynews.com. 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
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- ISBN 978-1624120664.
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- ^ "Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ 순위값 - 구역별조회 (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Korea" (PDF). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "Ulsan, South Korea - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Yu Media Group. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
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- S2CID 8088365.
- ^ Yeon-Soo, Kwak (8 May 2019). "Hyundai Heavy hit by protest from Ulsan". The Korea Times. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ^ Evans, Stephen (30 May 2015). "Heavy metal: Life at the world's largest shipyard". BBC News. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
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- ^ Lee, Eun-joo (November 10, 2010). "SB LiMotive starts lithium-ion battery plant". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
- Korea Times. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
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- ^ "SB Limotive Starts Production of Lithium-Ion Cells". Energy Trend. November 11, 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-10-02. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
- Yonhap. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
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