Ulster Protestants
Protastúnaigh Ultach | |
---|---|
Total population | |
Total ambiguous (900,000–1,000,000) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Northern Ireland | 827,500[1] (Self-identified) (Northern Irish Protestants) |
Republic of Ireland | 201,400[2] (Self-identified) (Irish Anglicans) (Irish Presbyterians) (Irish Methodists) (Other Irish Protestants) |
Languages | |
Ulster English, Ulster Scots, Ulster Irish | |
Religion | |
Protestantism (mostly Presbyterianism, Anglicanism, Pentecostalism, and Methodism) | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Ulster Scots, Anglo-Irish people, Irish people, Scottish people, English people, Scotch-Irish Americans, Scotch-Irish Canadians |
Ulster Protestants are an
Since the 17th century,
History
The Ulster Protestant community emerged during the
Most of the land colonised was confiscated from the native Irish. Begun privately in 1606, the plantation became government-sponsored in 1609, with much land for settlement being allocated to the Livery Companies of the City of London. By 1622 there was a total settler population of about 19,000,[15] and by the 1630s it is estimated there were up to 50,000.[16]
The native Irish reaction to the plantation was generally hostile,
Another influx of an estimated 20,000 Scottish Protestants, mainly to the coastal
There were tensions between the two main groups of Ulster Protestants; Scottish Protestant migrants to Ulster were mostly Presbyterian
The Kingdom of Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801. As Belfast became industrialised in the 19th century, it attracted yet more Protestant immigrants from Scotland.[27] After the partition of Ireland in 1920, the new government of Northern Ireland launched a campaign to entice Irish unionists/Protestants from the Irish Free State to relocate to Northern Ireland, with inducements of state jobs and housing, and large numbers accepted.[28]
Present day
The vast majority of Ulster Protestants live in Northern Ireland, which is part of the
At the time of the partition of Ireland about 70,000 Ulster Protestants lived in the three counties of Ulster that are now in the Republic of Ireland, Cavan, Monaghan, and Donegal, although their numbers have significantly declined in the intervening century. They now make up around a fifth of the Republic's Protestant population.[33] Unlike Protestants in the rest of the Republic, some retain a strong sense of Britishness, and a small number have difficulty identifying with the independent Irish state.[34][35][36] Ulster Protestants also share common religious, political and social ties with some protestants in counties that border Ulster, particularly County Leitrim that hosts a number of Orange Halls.[37] Sir Jim Kilfedder, Ulster Unionist MP, and Gordon Wilson were both Leitrim Protestants.
Ulster Protestants are also found in diaspora communities, particularly in Scotland, England, and in some other areas of Ireland such as Dublin.
Most Ulster Protestants speak
See also
References
- ^ "Census 2021 main statistics for Northern Ireland (phase 1)". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ "8. Religion" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
- ISBN 9781317160922. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ISBN 9780742500518. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ It's never too late for 'us' to meet 'them': prior intergroup friendships moderate the impact of later intergroup friendships in educational settings. Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ Ó Lúing, Seán (1953). Art Ó Griofa. Dublin: Sairséal agus Dill. p. 217.
- ^ NI Curriculum, Teachers' Notes, p. 54
- ^ "'Sheep stealers from the north of England': the Riding Clans in Ulster by Robert Bell". History Ireland. 24 January 2013.
- ^ "The Methodist Church in Ireland: History". Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "Ulster blood, English heart – I am what I am". nuzhound.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ^ "The Huguenots in Lisburn". Culture Northern Ireland. 2 May 2006. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
- ^ According to the Lord Deputy Chichester, the plantation would 'separate the Irish by themselves...[so they would], in heart in tongue and every way else become English', Padraig Lenihan, Consolidating Conquest, Ireland, 1603–1727, p43
- ISBN 978-0-7171-4738-0.
To King James the Plantation of Ulster would be a civilising enterprise which would 'establish the true religion of Christ among men...almost lost in superstition'. In short, he intended his grandiose scheme would bring the enlightenment of the Reformation to one of the most remote and benighted provinces in his kingdom. Yet some of the most determined planters were, in fact, Catholics.
- ^ Ellis, Steven (2014). The Making of the British Isles: The State of Britain and Ireland, 1450-1660. Routledge. p. 296.
- ^ Canny, Making Ireland British, p. 211
- ^ a b "From Catastrophe to Baby Boom – Population Change in Early Modern Ireland 1641-1741". The Irish Story.
- ^ The Plantation of Ulster: Reaction of the natives. BBC History.
- ^ Bartlett, Thomas. Ireland: A History. Cambridge University Press, 2010. p.104
- ^ "The Plantation of Ulster: 1641 rebellion". BBC History.
- ISBN 0-7524-2597-8pp. 257–258
- ISBN 0748638873, pp. 178-9.
- ^ Karen Cullen, Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s, pp. 176-179
- ^ Edmund Curtis, p. 198.
- ^ "The Irish at Home and Abroad: Scots-Irish in Colonial America / Magazine / Irish Ancestors / The Irish Times". irishtimes.com. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
- Parke S. Rouse, Jr., The Great Wagon Road, Dietz Press, 2004, p. 32, and Leyburn, James G., The Scotch-Irish: A Social History, Univ of NC Press, 1962, p. 180.
- ^ James Connolly. "James Connolly: July the 12th (1913)". marxists.org.
- ^ "The Scots in Victorian and Edwardian Belfast". euppublishing.com.
- ^ "Protestant population decline". The Irish Times. 22 September 2014.
- S2CID 49524032. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ISBN 9780199875382.
- ^ "People - Political Science - Trinity College Dublin" (PDF). www.tcd.ie.
- S2CID 157581193.
- ^ Darach MacDonald (18 May 2012). "Frontier Post". darachmac.blogspot.dk.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Living behind the Emerald". Independent.ie.
- ^ "Orange County, Irish-style..." Independent.ie.
- ^ "Leitrim Lodge takes part in Orange Order March". Leitrim Observer – via www.leitrimobserver.ie.
- ^ Gregg R.J. (1972) "The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in Ulster" in Wakelin M. F., Patterns in the Folk Speech of The British Isles, London
- ^ C. Macafee (2001) "Lowland Sources of Ulster Scots" in J.M. Kirk & D.P. Ó Baoill, Languages Links: The Languages of Scotland and Ireland, Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, Belfast, p121
- ^ J. Harris (1985) Phonological Variation and Change: Studies in Hiberno English, Cambridge, p15
- ^ Ervine, Linda (9 November 2015). "Linda Ervine: I realised Irish belonged to me - a Protestant - and I fell in love with it". The Irish News.
- ^ Geoghegan, Peter. "Protestants go for Gaelic in Northern Ireland". www.aljazeera.com.