Umm El Qa'ab
Arabic: أم القعاب | |
Location | Egypt |
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Region | New Valley Governorate |
Coordinates | 26°10.5′N 31°54.5′E / 26.1750°N 31.9083°E |
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Peqer in hieroglyphs | ||||
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Umm El Qaʻāb (sometimes
The area was a site of veneration and worship in ancient Egypt, and by the time of the Middle Kingdom, at least one of the royal tombs was excavated and rebuilt for the priests of Osiris.[3]
The tombs of this area were first excavated by Émile Amélineau in the 1890s and more systematically by Flinders Petrie between 1899 and 1901.[3] Since then the area has been excavated repeatedly by the German Archaeological Institute since the 1970s, which has allowed for a thorough reconstruction of the original layout and appearance of these tombs.[3]
Pre-dynastic tombs
- U-j: Unknown ruler, but possibly Scorpion I found in tomb,[4] also possible pre dynastic ruler Bull is attested in one of the ivory tablets.[5]
- B1/B2: Iry-Hor[6]
- B7/B9: Ka
First Dynasty tombs
Known as Cemetery B, this area contains the Early Dynastic tombs of the pharaohs of the First Dynasty of Egypt and the last two kings of the Second Dynasty.
- B17/B18: Narmer[7]
- B10/B15/B19: Aha[8]
- O: Djer[9]
- Z: Djet[10]
- Y: Merneith[11]
- T: Den[12]
- U: Semerkhet[14]
- Q: Qa'a[15]
-
Tombs of the Egyptian 1st dynasty
-
Pottery sherd, from stump base of a jug. 1st Dynasty. From the Royal Tomb of Semerkhet at Umm el-Qa'ab, Abydos, Egypt. Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Second Dynasty tombs
The last two kings of the
- P: Peribsen.[16] A seal found in this tomb contains the first full sentence written in hieroglyphs.[17]
- V: ewer and basin of bronze.[citation needed]
Human sacrifice and 1st Dynasty tombs
References
- ^ "Abydos Tombs of the Kings". www.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ Toby Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999
- ^ ISBN 0-19-280458-8
- ^ "The Earliest Known Egyptian Writing : History of Information".
- ISBN 3-8053-2486-3., pp. 87 & 176.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb of King Iry-Hor". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Abydos tomb B 17/18 (tomb of Narmer ?)". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb of King Aha". /www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ "Abydos, Tomb O". /www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb Z". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb Y". www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb T". www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb X". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb U". www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb Q". www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb P". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Ash/Seth Peribsen". xoomer.virgilio.it. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Abydos Tomb V". www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk.
- ^ ISBN 0-19-280458-8.
- ^ Payne, Keith (20 October 2009). "Discovery of Abydos: Examining the Work of the Penn-Yale-IFA Joint Expedition". Heritage Key.
- ^ Payne, Keith "Exclusive Interview: Dr David O'Connor on the Abydos Expedition" Heritage Key 29 September 2009 [1]
External links
- Media related to Umm el-Qaab at Wikimedia Commons