Unani medicine
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Unani or Yunani medicine (Urdu: طب یونانی tibb yūnānī[1]) is Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia. Unani medicine is pseudoscientific.[2][3] The Indian Medical Association describes Unani practitioners who claim to practice medicine as quacks.[4]
The term Yūnānī means "Greek",[5][6] as the Perso-Arabic system of medicine was based on the teachings of the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen.[7]
The Hellenistic origin of Unani medicine is still visible in its being based on the classical
History
Arab and Persian elaborations upon the Greek system of medicine by figures like
Unani medicine interacted with Indian Buddhist medicine at the time of
Education and recognition
There are several Indian universities devoted to Unani medicine, in addition to universities that teach traditional Indian medical practices in general.[
The
To fight biopiracy and unethical patents, the Government of India set up the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library in 2001 as repository of formulations used in Indian traditional medicine, including 98,700 Unani formulations.[21][22]
In 1990, the total number of hakims or tabibs (practitioners of Unani medicine) in Pakistan was 51,883.
Criticism and safety issues
Some medicines traditionally used by Unani practitioners are known to be poisonous.[30]
The Indian Journal of Pharmacology notes:
- According to obnoxiousadverse reactions to drugs at therapeutic concentration that is used or is intended to be used to modify or explore physiological system or pathological states for the benefit of recipient."
- These drugs may be any substance or product including herbs, minerals, etc. for animals and human beings and can even be that prescribed by practitioners of Unani or Ayurvedic system of medicine. In recent days, awareness has been created related to safety and adverse drug reaction monitoring of herbal drugs including Unani drugs.[31]
See also
References
- ^ the transcription as Unani is found in 19th-century English language sources: "the Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine" "Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Hoshangabad", Gazetteer of India 17 (1827), p. 587.
- ISBN 978-0199812608.
- ISBN 978-0-262-03742-6.
- ^ a b Aggarwal, K. K.; Sharma, V. N. "IMA Anti Quackery Wing". Indian Medical Association. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
Quacks can be divided amongst three basic categories ... Practitioners of Indian Medicine (Ayurvedic, Sidha, Tibb, Unani), Homeopathy, Naturopathy, commonly called Ayush, who are not qualified to practice Modern Medicine (Allopathy) but are practicing Modern Medicine.
- ISBN 978-0-00-637595-1.
- ^ "Unani Tibb". Science Museum, London. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
- ^ "Unani Medicine in India: Its Origin and Fundamental Concepts" by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. IV Part 2 (Medicine and Life Sciences in India), Ed. B. V. Subbarayappa, Centre for Studies in Civilizations, Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, New Delhi, 2001, pp. 298-325
- PMID 26559361.
- ^ "Unani Medicine in India during 1901–1947" by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Studies in History of Medicine and Science, IHMMR, New Delhi, Vol. XIII, No. 1, 1994, p. 97-112.
- ISBN 9788131303580.
- ^ Chishti, p. 2.
- ^ Kapoor, p. 7264
- ^ Exchanges between India and Central Asia in the field of Medicine by Hakeem Abdul Hameed
- ^ "Interaction with China and Central Asia in the Field of Unani Medicine" by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. III Part 2 (India's Interaction with China, Central and West Asia), Ed. A. Rahman, Centre for Studies in Civilizations, Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, New Delhi, 2002, pp. 297-314
- ^ "Indian Hakims: Their Role in the medical care of India" by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. IV Part 2 (Medicine and Life Sciences in India), Ed. B. V. Subbarayappa, Centre for Studies in Civilizations, Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, New Delhi, 2001, pp. 371-426
- Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy, Govt. of India. Archived from the originalon 2007-12-23.
- ^ Bala, p. 45
- ^ Kumar, Ashish (2006). Handbook of Universities, Volume 1. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. xiii,13.
- ^ "Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM)". Traditional Knowledge Digital Library.
- ^ "Research and Development: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM)". Centre for Research in Indian Systems of Medicine, (CRISM).
- ^ Traditional Knowledge Digital Library website.
- ^ "Know Instances of Patenting on the UES of Medicinal Plants in India". PIB, Ministry of Environment and Forests. May 6, 2010.
- ^ Gadit, Amin; Khalid, Najeeb (2002). State of Mental Health in Pakistan: Service, Education & Research. Hamdard Foundation. p. 27.
- ^ Bodeker, Gerard (2005). WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. WHO. p. 167.
- ^ "Hamdard Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Hamdard University". Archived from the original on 15 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ "Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University". Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ "H.E.C. Accreditation List". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29.
- ^ "PM&DC Accreditation List". Archived from the original on 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
- ^ "PCP Accreditation List". Pharmacy Council of Pakistan. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
- ISBN 9780415502412.
- PMID 21369407.