Union of Brest
The Union of Brest[a] took place in 1595-1596 and represented an agreement by Eastern Orthodox Churches in the Ruthenian portions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to accept the Pope's authority while maintaining Eastern Orthodox liturgical practices, leading to the formation of the Ruthenian Uniate Church, which currently exists as the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church.
The union
History of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church |
---|
History of Christianity in Ukraine Eastern Catholic Churches |
Ruthenian Uniate Church to forced dissolution in Soviet Union |
1595 Union of Brest |
1806 transfer of Lemberg |
1839 Council of Polotsk |
1875 Conversion of Chełm Eparchy |
1907 First diasporas bishop |
1946 Council of Lviv |
Council for Religious Affairs |
Anti-Catholicism in the Soviet Union |
Eastern Catholic victims of Soviet persecutions |
Church in Exile |
1963 Title of Major Archbishop conferred |
Since re-legalization in Ukraine |
1991 return of exiled priests and bishops to Lviv |
2005 transfer of See from Lviv to Kyiv |
Background
Rome-oriented Christians and their Byzantium-oriented counterparts formally
In 1588–1589, Patriarch of Constantinople Jeremias II traveled across Eastern Europe, particularly the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia, where he finally acknowledged the Russian Orthodox Church in Moscow (estranged from Constantinople since the 1440s) and consecrated Patriarch Job of Moscow as the Eastern Orthodox All-Russian Patriarch (a dignity previously held by Isidore from 1437 to 1441). Patriarch Jeremias II deposed the Metropolitan of Kiev, Onesiphorus Divochka , and with the approval of the King of Poland Sigismund III, consecrated Michael Rohoza as the new Metropolitan of Kiev, Halych, and all Rus'[1] (Jeremias was notably imprisoned by the Ottomans and by the Muscovites, and was forced to elevate the see of Moscow to a patriarchy.[2]).
Negotiations
After Patriarch Jeremias II left Muscovy in 1589,
- List of bishops who did not initially accept the union
- Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'
- Archeparch of Polotsk–Vitebsk
- Bishop of Smolensk
- Bishop of Volodymyr–Brest
- Bishop of Przemyśl-Sambir-Sanok (adopted the union in 1692)
- List of bishops who in 1590 signed the declaration of intent[1]
- Bishop of Luck and Ostrog — Kyrylo Terletskyi (exarch of Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople)[1]
- Bishop of Pinsk and Turow — Leontiy Pelchytskyi
- Bishop of Chelm — Dionisiy Zbyruiskyi
- Bishop of Lviv — Hedeon Balaban
- List of bishops who later joined the agreement
- Bishop of Przemysl — Mykhailo Kopystenskyi
- Archbishop of Polock — Herman Zahorskyj (acting)
- Bishop of Volodymyr-Brest — Hypatius Pociej[1]
- Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' — Michael Rohoza[1]
At the request of Prince
In 1595, both Hedeon Balaban and Mykhailo Kopystenskyi withdrew their signatures from the agreement.[1] That same year the Archbishop of Polotsk, Nathaniel Sielitskyi, died, and was replaced with Herman Zahorksyi.
Proclamation
The union was solemnly and publicly proclaimed in the Hall of Constantine in the
Terms
It was agreed that the formulation
Outcomes
The union was strongly supported by the
See also
- Union of Uzhhorod
- Synod of Polotsk
- Articles for the Reassurance of the Ruthenian people
- History of Christianity in Ukraine
- Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
- Eastern Catholic liturgy
- Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
- Ecclesiastical differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Further reading
- Gudziak, B. A. (2001). Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolitanate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest (Harvard Series In Ukrainian Studies). Cambridge: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.[8][9]
- Chynczewska-Hennel, T. (2002). The Political, Social, and National Thought of the Ukrainian Higher Clergy, 1569-1700. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 26(1/4), 97–152.
- Dmitriev, M. V. (2011). Conflict and Concord in Early Modern Poland: Catholics and Orthodox at the Union of Brest. In H. Louthan, G. B. Cohen, & F. A. J. Szabo (Eds.), Diversity and Dissent: Negotiating Religious Difference in Central Europe, 1500-1800 (NED-New edition, 1, pp. 114–136). Berghahn Books.
- Litwin, Henryk (1987). "Catholicization among the Ruthenian Nobility and Assimilation Processes' in the Ukraine during the Years 1569-1648" (PDF). Acta Poloniae Historica. 55: 57–83. ISSN 0001-6829.
- Pekar, Athanasius (1992). "The Union of Brest and attempts to destroy it". Analecta Ordinis S. Basilii Magni. 20. Romae: Sumptibus PP. Basilianorum: 152–170. Archived from the original on 2011-01-07.
- Tatarenko, L. (2005). La naissance de l’Union de Brest: La curie romaine et le tournant de l’année 1595. Cahiers Du Monde Russe, 46(1/2), 345–354.
- Zema, V. (2011). Edificatory Prose of the Kyivan Metropolitanate: Between the Union of Florence and the Union of Brest. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 32/33, 853–871.
Notes
- ^ (Belarusian: Берасцейская унія, romanized: Bieraściejskaja unija; Lithuanian: Bresto unija; Polish: Unia brzeska; Ukrainian: Берестейська унія, romanized: Berestejśka unija)
- ^ See the 1575 Profession of faith prescribed for the Greeks.[6]: nn. 1303, 1307, 1863–1870, 1985–1987
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hudziak, B.O., Tu, O.Yu. The 1596 Brest Church Union (БЕРЕСТЕЙСЬКА ЦЕРКОВНА УНІЯ 1596). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
- ISBN 978-0-300-10586-5.
- ISBN 9780813507996.
- OCLC 754549972.
- ^ a b This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Palmieri, Aurelio (1912). "Union of Brest". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ISBN 978-0898707465.
- ISBN 978-0-300-10586-5.
- JSTOR 4213031.
- JSTOR 2697078.
External links
- "Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church". Religious Information Service of Ukraine. Lviv: Institute of Religion and Society of the Ukrainian Catholic University. 2011-08-15. Archivedfrom the original on 2013-03-20.
- The text