2001 United Kingdom census

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Census 2001
← 1991 29 April 2001 2011 →
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
AuthorityOffice for National Statistics
Websitewww.ons.gov.uk/census/2001censusandearlier
Form used to poll English households during the 2001 census

A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194.

The 2001 UK census was organised by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). Detailed results by region, council area, ward and output area are available from their respective websites.

Organisation

Similar to previous UK censuses, the 2001 census was organised by the three statistical agencies, ONS, GROS, and NISRA, and coordinated at the national level by the Office for National Statistics. The Orders in Council to conduct the census, specifying the people and information to be included in the census, were made under the authority of the Census Act 1920 in Great Britain, and the Census Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 in Northern Ireland. In England and Wales these regulations were made by the Census Order 2000 (SI 744/2000), in Scotland by the Census (Scotland) Order 2000 (SSI 68/2000), and in Northern Ireland by the Census Order (Northern Ireland) 2000 (SRNI 168/2000).[1]

The census was administered through self-completion forms, in most cases delivered by

foot-and-mouth crisis, which led to extra precautions being adopted by the field staff, and suggestions that the census may have to be postponed.[5] However, it was reported that the disease outbreak did not affect the effectiveness of the collection process.[6][7]

The census was estimated to cost £259m over its 13-year cycle from the start of planning in 1993 to the delivery of final results in 2006.

microfilm
for storage and release after 100 years. Once the data were returned to the statistics agencies it underwent further processing to ensure consistency and to impute missing values.

Enumeration

The overall response rate for the census, that is the proportion of the population who were included on a census form, was estimated to be 94% in England and Wales,[11] 96.1% in Scotland[12] and 95.2% in Northern Ireland.[13] This was due to a number of factors: households with no response, households excluding residents from their returns, and addresses not included in the enumeration. In Manchester for example 25,000 people from 14,000 addresses were not enumerated because the address database was two years out of date.[14][15] The Local Authority with the lowest response was Kensington and Chelsea with 64%. Hackney had the next lowest response at 72%. Out of all local authorities, the ten lowest response rates were all in London.[11] The results still represent 100 per cent of the population, however, because some individuals not completing their forms were instead identified by census enumerators, and through the use of cross-matching with a follow-up survey.[16]

One Number Census

The results from the 2001 census were produced using a methodology known as the One Number Census.[17] This was an attempt to adjust the census counts and impute answers to allow for estimated under-enumeration measured by the Census Coverage Survey (sample size 320,000 households), resulting in a single set of population estimates.[18]

Religion

Although the 1851 census had included a question about religion on a separate response sheet, whose completion was not compulsory, the 2001 census was the first in Great Britain to ask about the religion of respondents on the main census form.[citation needed] An amendment to the 1920 Census Act (the Census (Amendment) Act 2000) was passed by Parliament to allow the question to be asked, and to allow the response to this question to be optional.[19][20] The inclusion of the question enabled the Jedi census phenomenon to take place in the United Kingdom. In England and Wales 390,127 people stated their religion as Jedi, as did 14,052 people in Scotland.[21] The percentages of religious affiliations were:

  • Christian: 72.0%
  • Muslim
    : 3%
  • Hindu
    : 1%
  • Sikh
    : 0.6%
  • Jewish
    : 0.5%
  • Buddhist
    : 0.3%
  • Any other religion: 0.3%

15% declared themselves of no religion (including Jedi at 0.7%, more than those who declared themselves as Sikh, Jewish or Buddhist) and 8% did not respond to the question.[22]

Ethnicity

Results

The census ethnic groups included

Other Black) and Chinese or Other Ethnic Group
.

Ethnic group
 Population % of total*
White British 50,366,497 85.67%
White (other)
 3,096,169 5.27%
Indian
 1,053,411 1.8%
Pakistani 747,285 1.3%
White Irish
 691,232 1.2%
Mixed race
 677,117 1.2%
Black Caribbean
 565,876 1.0%
Black African
 485,277 0.8%
Bangladeshi
 283,063 0.5%
Other Asian (non-Chinese)
 247,664 0.4%
Chinese 247,403 0.4%
Other
 230,615 0.4%
Black (others)
 97,585 0.2%
Total 58,789,194 100%
* Percentage of total UK population

Since the UK census relies on self-completion,

North African.[24]

English identity

Controversy surrounding the classification of ethnic groups began as early as 2000, when it was revealed that respondents in Scotland and Northern Ireland would be able to check a box describing themselves as Scottish or Irish, an option not available for English respondents.[25] With an absence of an English tick-box, the only other tickbox available was "white-British", "Irish", or "other". However, if 'English' was written in under the "any other white background" it was not clear whether it would be counted as an ethnic group in same the way as the Welsh.[25] Following criticism, English was included as a tick-box option in the 2011 census.[26][27]

Welsh identity

It is sometimes claimed that the 2001 census revealed that two-thirds of the population of

National Assembly for Wales to have primary law-making powers and its own National Statistics Office.[29] With an absence of a Welsh tickbox, the only other tickbox available was "white-British", "Irish", or "other".[28][29]

Cornish identity

For the first time in a UK census, those wishing to describe their ethnicity as Cornish were given their own code number (06) on the 2001 UK census form, alongside those for people wishing to describe themselves as English, Welsh, Irish or Scottish. About 34,000 people in Cornwall and 3,500 people in the rest of the UK wrote on their census forms in 2001 that they considered their ethnic group to be Cornish.[31] This represented nearly 7% of the population of Cornwall. Various Cornish organisations were campaigning for the inclusion of the Cornish tick box on the next census in 2011.[32]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-11-621754-5
  2. ISBN 1-4039-8768-8
    .
  3. ^ General Register Office for Scotland, Taking Scotland's 2001 Census – A Review: Part 2, Census Operations Archived 25 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. p. 19. June 2002.
  4. ISBN 0-337-08773-3
  5. ^ Paul Brown and Nicholas Watt. Threat to census as disease cases grow. The Guardian. 1 March 2001.
  6. ^ BBC News. Census shows Welsh language rise. 14 February 2003.
  7. ^ National Statistics. 2001 Census Field Operation Report. 26 November 2001.
  8. ISSN 1368-8456
  9. ^ P. Boyle and D. Dorling. Guest editorial: the 2001 UK census: remarkable resource or bygone legacy of the 'pencil and paper era'? . Area, Volume 36, Number 2, June 2004, p. 104.
  10. ^ BBC News. Census data security fear denied. 7 February 2008.
  11. ^ a b Office for National Statistics. Census 2001: National and local response rates, last revised 13 January 2006.
  12. ^ Bernard Baffour. Modelling Census Under-Enumeration Archived 1 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine. General Register Office for Scotland, Occasional Paper No 13. October 2006. p2.
  13. ^ Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. The methodological approach to the 2001 Census Archived 17 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Boyle and Dorling (2004) p106.
  15. ^ BBC News. Census 'lost' 25,000 people. 4 November 2003.
  16. ^ "The Big Number: Census 2001 reveals UK population is 58,789,194" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 30 September 2002. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  17. ^ "Census 2001". Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  18. ^ National Statistics: The One Number Census - an estimate of the whole population
  19. ^ National Statistics, Census 2001, Legislation and the role of Parliament, Nov 2005
  20. ^ Explanatory Notes to Census (Amendment) Act 2000 Archived 7 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "statistics.gov.uk". Ethnicity and Religion: Jedi. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
  22. ^ National Statistics Online - Religious Populations
  23. ^ "Ethnic group statistics: A guide for the collection and classification of ethnicity data" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 2003. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
  24. ^ a b Gardener, David; Connolly, Helen (October 2005). "Who are the 'Other' ethnic groups?" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  25. ^ a b Johnston, Philip (23 April 2001). "Tory MP leads English protest over census". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  26. ^ English tick box, No 10 e-petition response Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ 2011 Census tick-box for 'English' national identity Archived 6 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ a b Census shows Welsh language rise. Friday 14 February 2003. Retrieved 12-04-07
  29. ^ a b c Census equality backed by Plaid 23 September 2000 extracted 12-04-07
  30. ^ Census results 'defy tickbox row'. 30 September 2002. Retrieved 12-04-07
  31. ^ "from The London School of Economics and Political Science website". Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  32. ^ "Cornish demand tick box for 2011 Census". Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2008.

External links

Preceded by UK census
2001 		Succeeded by
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