United Macedonia
United Macedonia (
History
The roots of the concept can be traced back to the 1910 First Balkan Socialist Conference as a possible solution of the
According to the Yugoslav communist
The Yugoslav communists recognized the separate Macedonian nationality to reduce the fears of the Macedonian Slavic population that they would continue the former Yugoslav policy of forced
During the following operations of the
After the breakup of Yugoslavia
Since 1989, Macedonian nationalists have called for a "United Macedonia", stating that "Solun (
- Vardar Macedonia (Вардарска Македонија) which includes:
- the territory of North Macedonia;
- Gora (Гора), small portions of southern Kosovo and eastern Albania
- Prohor Pčinski (Прохор Пчински), southern Serbia; and
- Greek Macedonia (or "Aegean Macedonia", "Егејска Македонија"), northern Greece;
- Blagoevgrad Province (or "Pirin Macedonia", "Пиринска Македонија"), southwestern Bulgaria; and
- Mala Prespa and Golo Brdo (Мала Преспа и Голо Брдо), Albania.
Macedonian nationalists describe the above areas as the unliberated parts of Macedonia and they claim that the majority of the population in those territories are oppressed ethnic Macedonians. In the cases of Bulgaria and Albania, it is said that they are undercounted in the censuses (In Albania, there are officially 5,000 ethnic Macedonians, whereas Macedonian nationalists claim the figures are more like 120,000-350,000.
In its first resolution, VMRO-DPMNE, the nationalistic[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] governing party at the time of the then-Republic of Macedonia, adopted the platform of a "United Macedonia",[23] an act that has annoyed moderate Macedonian politicians and has also been regarded by Greece as an intolerable irredentist claim against Greek Macedonia.[24] Before and just after independence, it was assumed in Greece that the idea of a united Macedonia was still state-sponsored.
During VMRO-DPMNE's rule, the United Macedonia concept was present in official sources in current North Macedonia,[25][26] and was taught in schools through school textbooks and through other governmental publications.[27][28]
See also
- Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions
- Independent Macedonia
- Independent Macedonia (1944)
- Macedonia naming dispute
- Macedonia (terminology)
- Demographic history of Macedonia
- History of North Macedonia
- Titoism
References
- ^ Greek Macedonia "not a problem", The Times (London), August 5, 1957
- ^ Dimitrov, Georgi. "The Significance of the Second Balkan Conference". Retrieved 2009-05-21.
- ^ Victor Roudometof, Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question, Praeger, 2002 p. 100.
- ^ Svetozar Vukmanovic, Struggle for the Balkans. London, Merlin Press 1980, 1990, p. 213.
- , 2013, pp. 469–555.
- ISBN 0208008217, Chapter 9: The encouragement of Macedonian culture.
- ^ John Phillips, Macedonia: warlords and rebels in the Balkans, I B Tauris Academic, 2002, p.53
- ^ Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries, The Balkans: a post-communist history, Routledge, 2006, p. 410
- ^ Dejan Djokić, Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, p. 124.
- ^ Loring M. Danforth, The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world, Princeton University Press, 1997, pp. 178, 182.
- ^ Janusz Bugajski, Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations and Parties, Sharpe, M. E. Inc., 1994, p. 114.
- ^ World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Albania: Macedonians
- ^ "CIA WORLD FACTBOOK 1992 via the Libraries of the Univ. of Missouri-St. Louis". Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
- ^ "Report about Compliance with the Principles of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (along guidelines for state reports according to Article 25.1 of the Convention)". Greek Helsinki Monitor. 18 September 1999.
- ^ "Macedonia erases 'irredentist' claims as Commission tables report". euroactiv. 17 April 2013.
- ^ Alan John Day, Political parties of the world, 2002
- ^ Hugh Poulton, Who are the Macedonians?, Hurst & Company, 2000
- ^ Loring M. Danforth, The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world, Princeton University Press, 1997
- ^ Christopher K. Lamont, International Criminal Justice and the Politics of Compliance, Ashgate, 2010
- ^ Human Rights Watch World Report, 1999
- ^ Imogen Bell, Central and South-Eastern Europe 2004, Routledge
- ^ Keith Brown, The past in question: modern Macedonia and the uncertainties of nation, Princeton University Press, 2003
- ^ Michael E. Brown, Richard N. Rosecrance, The costs of conflict: prevention and cure in the global arena, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999, p.133
- ^ Alice Ackermann, Making peace prevail: preventing violent conflict in Macedonia, Syracuse University Press, 2000, p. 96.
- ^ Lenkova, M. (1999). Dimitras, P.; Papanikolatos, N.; Law, C. (eds.). "Greek Helsinki Monitor: Macedonians of Bulgaria" (PDF). Minorities in Southeast Europe. Greek Helsinki Monitor, Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe — Southeast Europe. Retrieved July 24, 2006.
- ^ Danforth, Loring M. How can a woman give birth to one Greek and one Macedonian?. Retrieved 2006-12-26.
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ignored (help) - ISBN 9989-42-044-0. p.14. 2 August 1944.
- ^ Macedonianism: Macedonia's expansionist designs against Greece after the Interim Accord (1995), Society for Macedonian Studies, Ephesus Publishing, 2007