United Right (Poland)
United Right Zjednoczona Prawica | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | ZP |
Leader | Jarosław Kaczyński |
Founded | 11 July 2014 |
Ideology | |
Political position |
|
European Parliament group | European Conservatives and Reformists |
Colours | Blue |
Sejm | 189 / 460 |
Senate | 34 / 100 |
European Parliament | 27 / 52 |
Regional assemblies | 234 / 552 |
The United Right (
History
Creation
The alliance was formed in 2014.
Ascent to power
The alliance was in power from the 2015 elections to their defeat in the 2023 elections. It was opposed by the Civic Coalition, led by Civic Platform, since 2018.[5][6]
Throughout the parliamentary term the coalition expanded its absolute majority by crossers of the floor from
Internal disputes
In the
In 2020 and 2021, the alliance has been affected by actions of rebellious MPs. This was in part caused by the results of 2019 parliamentary elections, whereby the Law and Justice representation was reduced to 199 MPs, whilst United Poland and Agreement increased their tallies to 18 MPs each. This led to the notion that it is enough for just some MPs in one of constituent parties (and not the whole party) to rebel and bring down the government. Inter-party rebellion occurred on several occasions, although never managing to dissolve the alliance or bring down the government.
The first such instances were during the preparations to the
Major reshuffling and loss of absolute majority in Sejm
On 20 June 2021, the reactivation of the congress of the Republicans took place, with some Agreement members joining the Republican association and restructuring it into a party. The newly formed party subsequently joined the governing coalition as a full member. In response, the Law and Justice chairman Jarosław Kaczyński made a speech praising the new reformed party.[12]
After
After this, coalition lost its majority in Sejm, which it enjoyed since 2015 parliamentary election.
Further internal disputes
In April 2022 it was noted that SP, most notably its leader Zbigniew Ziobro,[18] and PiS were in a major dispute regarding the dissolution of the Supreme Court Disciplinary Chamber and repealing the law concerning the matter, a focal point of an ongoing constitutional crisis.[18]
The proposal was made by the president Andrzej Duda, noting a complete u-turn on the subject.[19] The escalation of the dispute was further noted by accusatory statements between Ziobro and Ryszard Terlecki,[19] leading the former to call the situation a "real pâté" (Polish idiom equivalent of a sticky wicket).[19]
On 22 June 2022,
Loss of Power
After the 2023 parliamentary election, the United Right won a plurality of seats but fell short of a Sejm majority. The opposition, consisting of the Civic Coalition, Third Way, and The Left achieved a combined vote total of 54% and formed a coalition government.[22][23] In the Senate, the opposition electoral alliance Senate Pact 2023 won a plurality of the vote and a majority of seats. Turnout was 74.4%, the highest in contested elections and the highest since the fall of the Polish People's Republic, beating the previous records set in 1989 and 2019.
On 6 November, Duda named Law and Justice's incumbent prime minister
On 11 December, Mateusz Morawiecki's caretaker cabinet lost a vote of no confidence in the Sejm by 190 votes to 266.[28][29] Later that day, the Sejm nominated Donald Tusk for prime minister, who was subsequently confirmed by 248 votes in favour and 201 against.[30] Tusk's cabinet was sworn in at 9:13 CET on 13 December.
Ideology and factions
Law and Justice is a right-wing coalition,[31] and is divided into many internal factions, but they can be grouped into three main blocks.[32][33][34][35][36] The United Right coalition has been described as solidarist,[37] and fiscally statist.[38][39][40] It previously used to include a paternalistic conservative faction.[41][42][43]
Order of the Centre Agreement is the unofficial name of the most influential, although not the most numerous fraction of PiS. Its leader is Jarosław Kaczyński, main members are Joachim Brudziński, Adam Lipiński and Mariusz Błaszczak. It is economically left-wing.[44]
Composition
Current
Name | Years | Ideology | Position | Leader | MPs | Senators | MEPs | Sejmiks | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Law and Justice
|
2014– | National conservatism Right-wing populism |
Right-wing | Jarosław Kaczyński | 171 / 460
|
29 / 100
|
24 / 52
|
206 / 552
| ||
Sovereign Poland | 2014– | Social conservatism Right-wing populism |
Far-right | Zbigniew Ziobro | 18 / 460
|
1 / 100
|
2 / 52
|
19 / 552
| ||
Independents | (MPs) | 2020– | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 / 460
|
3 / 100 [a]
|
0 / 52
|
1 / 552 [b]
| |
(President) | 2015- | N/A | N/A | Andrzej Duda | N/A |
Former
Name | Years | Ideology | Position | Leader (at the time) |
Reasons for leaving | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right Wing of the Republic | 2015–2017 | Right-wing to far-right[45][46] |
Marek Jurek | Political disagreement | ||
Republican Party | 2017–2019 | Political Catholicism
Republicanism |
Right-wing | Marek Wróbel | Party disbanded | |
Poland Together | 2014–2017 | Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | Jarosław Gowin | Merged into new Agreement party | |
Free and Solidary | 2018–2019 | Solidarism Anti-communism |
Right-wing | Kornel Morawiecki[c] | Disagreements over electoral lists and foreign policy towards Russia. Party disbanded in 2020. | |
Agreement | 2017–2021[47] | Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism |
Centre-right to right-wing |
Jarosław Gowin | Political disagreement | |
Kukiz'15 | 2021–2023 | Conservatism Right-wing populism |
Centre-right | Paweł Kukiz | "The desire to abandon party discipline and be independent of PiS" |
Electoral performance
The difference between
Sejm
Election year | Leader | # of votes |
% of vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | Jarosław Kaczyński | 5,711,687 | 37.6 (#1) | 235 / 460
|
PiS | |
2019 | 8,051,935 | 43.6 (#1) | 235 / 460
|
PiS | ||
2023 | 7,640,854 | 35.4 (#1) | 194 / 460
|
PSL-NL
|
European Parliament
Election year | # of votes |
% of vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | 6,192,780 | 45.38 (#1) | 27 / 51
|
New |
Presidential
Election year | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
# of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | ||
2015 | Andrzej Duda | 5,179,092 | 34.8 (#1) | 8,630,627 | 51.6 (#1) |
2020 | Supported Andrzej Duda | 8,450,513 | 43.5 (#1) | 10,440,648 | 51.0 (#1) |
See also
- Fidesz-KDNP
- Law and Justice
- Sovereign Poland
Notes
- ^ Rafał Ambrozik, Grzegorz Bierecki, Michał Seweryński
- Subcarpathia)
- Prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki's father.
References
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