United States

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United States of America
Motto: "In God We Trust"[1]
Other traditional mottos:[2]
  • "
    Latin
    )
    "Out of many, one"
  • "
    Latin
    )
    "Providence favors our undertakings"
  • "
    Latin
    )
    "New order of the ages"
Anthem: "
Ethnic groups
(2020)[4][5][6]
By race:
By origin:
Religion
(2021)[7]
  • 29%
    Government
Federal presidential constitutional republic
• President
Joe Biden
Kamala Harris
Kevin McCarthy
John Roberts
Legislature
Confederation
March 1, 1781 (1781-03-01)
September 3, 1783 (1783-09-03)
June 21, 1788 (1788-06-21)
May 5, 1992 (1992-05-05)
Population
• 2022 estimate
Neutral increase 333,287,557[11]
• 2020 census
331,449,281[d][12] (3rd)
• Density
87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (185th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $26.855 trillion[13] (2nd)
• Per capita
Increase $80,035[13] (8th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $26.855 trillion[13] (1st)
• Per capita
Increase $80,035[13] (7th)
Gini (2020)Negative increase 39.4[e][14]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.921[15]
very high · 21st
CurrencyU.S. dollar ($) (USD)
Time zoneUTC−4 to −12, +10, +11
• Summer (DST)
UTC−4 to −10[f]
Date formatmm/dd/yyyy[g]
Driving sideright[h]
Calling code+1
ISO 3166 codeUS
Internet TLD.us[16]

The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in

unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands,[i] and 326 Indian reservations. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.[c] It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations.[j] With a population of over 333 million,[k] it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third-most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C., and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City
.

Indigenous peoples have inhabited the Americas for thousands of years. Beginning in 1607, British colonization led to the establishment of the Thirteen Colonies in what is now the Eastern United States. They clashed with the British Crown over taxation and political representation which led to the American Revolution and the ensuing Revolutionary War. The United States declared independence on July 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on Enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy. The country began expanding across North America, spanning the continent by 1848. Sectional division over slavery led to the secession of the Confederate States of America, which fought the remaining states of the Union during the American Civil War (1861–1865). With the Union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally. By 1890, the United States had established itself as a great power, becoming the world's largest economy. After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. entered World War II on the side of the Allies. The aftermath of the war left the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's two superpowers and led to the Cold War. During the Cold War, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict. They also competed in the Space Race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of Apollo 11, making the U.S. the only nation to land humans on the Moon. With the Soviet Union's collapse and the subsequent end of the Cold War in 1991, the United States emerged as the world's sole superpower.

The

universal healthcare. As a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the U.S. has been drastically shaped by the world's largest immigrant population
.

The United States is a developed country that has the highest disposable income per capita in the world. Its economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global GDP and is the world's largest by GDP at market exchange rates. It is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter, and possesses the largest amount of wealth of any country. The United States is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States, NATO, World Health Organization, and is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. It wields considerable global influence as one of the world's foremost political, cultural, economic, military, and scientific powers.

Etymology

Further information: Names of the United States and Demonyms for the United States

The first documentary evidence of the phrase "United States of America" dates back to a letter from January 2, 1776, written by Stephen Moylan, a Continental Army aide to General George Washington, to Joseph Reed, Washington's aide-de-camp. Moylan expressed his desire to go "with full and ample powers from the United States of America to Spain" to seek assistance in the Revolutionary War effort.[26][27][28] The first known publication of the phrase "United States of America" was in an anonymous essay in The Virginia Gazette newspaper in Williamsburg, on April 6, 1776.[29]

By June 1776, the name "United States of America" appeared in drafts of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, authored by John Dickinson, a Founding Father from the Province of Pennsylvania,[30][31] and in the Declaration of Independence, written primarily by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, on July 4, 1776.[30]

History

Main article: History of the United States
For a topical guide, see Outline of United States history.

Beginnings (before 1630)

Further information: Native Americans in the United States and Pre-Columbian era
Cliff Palace, located in present-day Colorado, was built by Ancestral Puebloans.

The

Bering land bridge and arriving in the present-day United States at least 12,000 years ago; some evidence suggests an even earlier date of arrival.[32][33][34] The Clovis culture, which appeared around 11,000BC, is believed to represent the first wave of human settlement in the Americas.[35][36] This was likely the first of three major waves of migration into North America; later waves brought the ancestors of present-day Athabaskans, Aleuts, and Eskimos.[37]

Over time, indigenous cultures in North America grew increasingly sophisticated, and some, such as the pre-Columbian

slash and burn agriculture, using controlled fire to extend farmlands' productivity and manage land.[42][43][44][45][46][47] The Ojibwe cultivated wild rice.[48] The Iroquois confederation Haudenosaunee, located in the southern Great Lakes region, was established between the 12th and 15th centuries.[49]

Florida peninsula.[50][51]

The Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, sent by France to the New World in 1525, encountered Native American inhabitants in the present-day New York Bay region.[53] The Spanish Empire set up their first settlements in Florida and New Mexico, including in Saint Augustine (1565), which is often considered the nation's oldest city,[54] and Santa Fe (1598). The French established their own settlements along the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico, including in New Orleans (1718) and Mobile (1702).[55]

Colonization, settlement, and communities (1630–1763)

Main article: Colonial history of the United States
Territorial changes following the French and Indian War; land held by the British before 1763 is shown in red; land gained by Britain in 1763 is shown in pink.

British colonization of the east coast of North America began with the Virginia Colony in 1607, where Pilgrims settled in Jamestown and later established Plymouth Colony in 1620.[56][57] Many English settlers were dissenting Christians who fled England seeking religious freedom.

The continent's first elected legislative assembly, the

native population of America declined after European arrival,[60][61][62] primarily as a result of infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles.[63][64] By the mid-1670s, the British defeated and seized the territory of Dutch settlers in New Netherland, in the mid-Atlantic region.[citation needed
]

During the 17th century European colonization many European settlers experienced food shortages, disease, and conflicts with Native Americans, particularly in King Philip's War. In addition to fighting European settlers, Native Americans also often fought neighboring tribes. But in many cases, the natives and settlers came to develop a mutual dependency. Settlers traded for food and animal pelts, and Native Americans traded for guns, tools, and other European goods.[65] Native Americans taught many settlers to cultivate corn, beans, and other foodstuffs. European missionaries and others felt it was important to "civilize" the Native Americans and urged them to adopt European agricultural practices and lifestyles.[66][67] With the increased European colonization of North America, however, Native Americans were often displaced or killed during conflicts.[68]

European settlers also began

trafficking African slaves into the colonial United States via the transatlantic slave trade.[69] By the turn of the 18th century, slavery supplanted indentured servitude as the main source of agricultural labor for the cash crops in the Southern Colonies.[70] Colonial society was divided over the religious and moral implications of slavery, and several colonies passed acts for or against it as well as laws designed to keep Blacks subservient.[71][72]

In what was then considered British America, the Thirteen Colonies[l] were administered as overseas dependencies by the British.[73] All colonies had local governments with elections open to white male property owners except Jews and, in some areas, Catholics.[74][75] With very high birth rates, low death rates, and steadily growing settlements, the colonial population grew rapidly, eclipsing Native American populations.[76] The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s, known as the Great Awakening, fueled colonial interest in both religion and religious liberty.[77] Excluding the Native American population, the Thirteen Colonies had a population of over 2.1 million in 1770, representing a population that was then roughly a third the size of Great Britain. By the 1770s, despite continuing new immigrant arrivals from Britain and other European regions, the natural increase of the population was such that only a small minority of Americans had been born overseas.[78] The colonies' distance from Britain had allowed for the development of self-governance in the colonies, but it encountered periodic efforts by British monarchs to reassert royal authority.[79]

Revolution and the new nation (1763–1789)

Main article: History of the United States (1776–1789)
Declaration of Independence, a portrait by John Trumbull depicting the Committee of Five presenting the draft of the Declaration to the Continental Congress on June 28, 1776, in Philadelphia

After the British victory in the

lack of representation in the British government that extracted taxes from them, the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and passed the Continental Association, which mandated a colonies-wide boycott of British goods. The British attempted to disarm the Americans, resulting in the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, igniting the American Revolutionary War. The then United Colonies responded by again convening in Philadelphia as the Second Continental Congress where, in June 1775, they appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, which was initially comprised of various American patriot militias resisting the British Army. In June 1776, the Second Continental Congress charged acommittee with writing a Declaration of Independence, largely drafted by Thomas Jefferson.[citation needed
]

On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress with alterations unanimously adopted and issued the Declaration of Independence, which famously stated: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that

siege of Yorktown in 1781, Britain signed a peace treaty. American sovereignty gained international recognition, and the new nation took possession of substantial territory east of the Mississippi River, from what is present-day Canada in the north and Florida in the south.[81] Tensions with Britain remained, leading to the War of 1812, which was fought to a draw.[82]

In 1781, the

Confederation Congress,[83] Northwest Ordinance (1787) established the precedent by which the national government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles. The prohibition of slavery in the territory had the practical effect of establishing the Ohio River as the geographic divide between slave states and free states from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River, an extension of the Mason–Dixon line. It also helped set the stage for later federal political conflicts over slavery during the 19th century until the American Civil War.[citation needed
]

As it became increasingly apparent that the Confederation was insufficient to govern the new country,

personal freedoms and guaranteeing a range of legal protections,[85] portions of the Bill of Rights are now applied to state and local governments by virtue of both state and federal court decisions.[86]

Expansion (1789–1860)

Main article: History of the United States (1789–1849)
The Old Plantation, a c. 1790 painting of a plantation by a South Carolina slaveholder

During the British Colonial era slavery, a longstanding institution in world history, was legal in the American colonies, and "challenges to its moral legitimacy were rare". However, during the Revolution many in the new nation began to question the practice.[87] Regional divisions over slavery grew in the ensuing decades. In the North, several prominent Founding Fathers such as John Adams, Roger Sherman, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and Benjamin Franklin advocated for the abolition of slavery, and by the 1810s every state in the region had, those emancipations being the first in the Atlantic World.[88]

Animated map of the territorial evolution of the United States (click to view full size image)

In the late 18th century, American settlers began to expand further westward, some of them with a sense of manifest destiny.[89][90] The Louisiana Purchase (1803) nearly doubled the acreage of the United States, effectively ending French colonial interest in North America and their opposition to American westward expansion.[91] Spain ceded Florida and other Gulf Coast territory in 1819,[92] The Missouri Compromise (1820) admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and declared a policy of prohibiting slavery in the remaining Louisiana Purchase lands north of the 36°30′ parallel. The outcome de facto sectionalized the country into two factions: free states, which forbade slavery; and slave states, which protected the institution; it was controversial, widely seen as dividing the country along sectarian lines.[93] Although the national government outlawed American participation in the Atlantic slave trade in 1807, after 1820 cultivation of the highly profitable cotton crop exploded in the Deep South, and along with it the use of slave labor.[94][95][96] The invention of the cotton gin lowering the cost of cotton production and exponentially increasing profits spurred the entrenchment of slavery on sourhtern agricultural plantations, with regional elites and intellectuals increasingly viewing the institution as a positive good instead of a necessary evil.[97] The Second Great Awakening, especially in the period 1800–1840, converted millions to evangelical Protestantism. In the North, it energized multiple social reform movements, including abolitionism;[98] in the South, Methodists and Baptists proselytized among slave populations.[99]

As Americans expanded further into land inhabited by Native Americans, the federal government often applied policies of Indian removal or assimilation.[100][101] The Trail of Tears in the 1830s exemplified the Indian removal policy that forcibly resettled Indians. The displacement prompted a long series of American Indian Wars west of the Mississippi River[102] and eventually conflict with Mexico.[103] Most of these conflicts ended with the cession of Native American territory and their confinement to Indian reservations.

The Republic of Texas was annexed in 1845 during a period of expansionism,[90] and the 1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control of the present-day American Northwest.[104] Victory in the Mexican–American War resulted in the 1848 Mexican Cession of California and much of the present-day American Southwest, with the U.S. now spanning the continent.[89][105] The California Gold Rush of 1848–1849 spurred migration to the Pacific coast, which led to the California genocide[106] and the creation of additional western states.[107]

Civil War and Reconstruction (1860–1876)

Main articles: History of the United States (1849–1865) and 1865–1918
Confederate Army general Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North. In April 1865, following the Union Army's victory at the Battle of Appomattox Court House, the Confederacy surrendered and soon collapsed.[112]

An October 24th, 1874 Harper's Magazine editorial cartoon by Thomas Nast denouncing Ku Klux Klan and White League murders of innocent Blacks

Reconstruction began in earnest following the defeat of the Confederates. While President Lincoln attempted to foster reconciliation between the Union and former Confederacy, his assassination on April 14, 1865 drove a wedge between North and South again. "Radical Republicans" in the federal government made it their goal to oversee the rebuilding of the South and to ensure the rights of African Americans, and the so-called Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution guaranteed the abolishment of slavery, full citizenship to Americans of African descent, and suffrage for adult Black men. They persisted until the Compromise of 1877.[113]

To encourage additional westward settlement the

tenant farming had become ways of life. This act attempted to solve this by selling land at low prices so marginalized Southerners could buy it. Many, however, could still not participate because the low prices were still out of reach.[114]

Development of the modern United States (1876–1914)

Main article:
disenfranchising almost all Blacks and some impoverished Whites throughout the region. Blacks faced racial segregation nationwide and codified discrimination, especially in the South,[116] and lived under the threat of lynching and other vigilante violence.[117][118]

Sketch of Chinese railroad workers on the Central Pacific Railroad, 1870

National infrastructure, including

Hawaiian monarchy and formed the Republic of Hawaii, which the U.S. annexed in 1898. Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines were ceded by Spain in the same year, by the Treaty of Paris (1898) following the Spanish–American War.[121] Puerto Ricans did not gain citizenship either through the Foraker Act (1900) or the Insular Cases (1901), but through the Jones–Shafroth Act in 1917,[122]: 60–63  allowing for the conscription of 20,000 Puerto Ricans, which began two months later.[123] American Samoa was acquired by the United States in 1900 after the end of the Second Samoan Civil War.[124] The U.S. Virgin Islands were purchased from Denmark in 1917.[125]

An Edison Studios film showing immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in New York Harbor, a major point of entry for European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries[126][127]

From 1865 through 1918 an unprecedented and diverse stream of immigrants arrived in the United States, 27.5 million in total. In all, 24.4 million (89%) came from Europe, including from

port of New York City, and from 1892, through the immigration station on Ellis Island, but various ethnic groups settled in different locations. New York and other large cities of the East Coast became home to large Jewish, Irish, and Italian populations, while many Germans and Central Europeans moved to the Midwest, obtaining jobs in industry and mining. At the same time, about one million French Canadians migrated from Quebec to New England.[129] The Great Migration, which began around 1910, resulted in millions of African Americans leaving the rural South for urban areas in the North.[130]

railroad, petroleum, and steel industries. Banking became a major part of the economy, with J. P. Morgan playing a notable role. The United States also emerged as a pioneer of the automotive industry in the early 20th century.[132] These changes were accompanied by significant increases in economic inequality, immigration, and social unrest, which prompted the rise of populist, socialist, and anarchist movements.[133][134][135] This period eventually ended with the advent of the Progressive Era, which was characterized by significant reforms, including health and safety regulation of consumer goods, the rise of labor unions, greater antitrust measures to ensure competition among businesses, and improvements in worker conditions.[136]

World Wars period (1914–1945)

Main article: History of the United States (1918–1945)
The Trinity nuclear test in the Jornada del Muerto desert on July 16, 1945, part of the Manhattan Project and the first detonation of a nuclear weapon

The United States remained neutral from the outbreak of World War I in 1914 until 1917 when it joined the war as an "associated power" alongside the Allies of World War I, helping to turn the tide against the Central Powers. In 1919, President Woodrow Wilson took a leading diplomatic role at the Paris Peace Conference and advocated strongly for the U.S. to join the League of Nations, however the U.S. Senate refused to support this and did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles under which the League of Nations was established.[137]

In 1920, a constitutional amendment granted nationwide women's suffrage.[138] During the 1920s and 1930s, radio for mass communication and ultimately the invention of early television transformed communications in the United States.[139] The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression. After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt, between 1933 and 1939, introduced his New Deal social and economic policies, which included public works projects, financial reforms, and regulations which represented a shift to a new current of modern liberalism in the United States".[140] The Dust Bowl of the mid-1930s impoverished many farming communities and spurred a new wave of western migration.[141]

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, an iconic February 1945 photo of U.S. Marines raising the U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II

At first

liberation by the U.S.-led forces in 1944–1945. During the war, the United States was one of the "Four Policemen"[146] who met to plan the postwar world, along with the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China.[147][148] The United States emerged relatively unscathed from the war, and with even greater economic and military influence.[149]

The United States played a leading role in the

United Nations Charter, which became active after the war.[150] The U.S. developed the first nuclear weapons and used them against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945; the subsequent surrender of Japan on September 2 ended World War II.[151][152]

Post-War Era (1945–1999)

Main articles: History of the United States (1945–1964), 1964–1980, 1980–1991, and 1991–2008

After World War II, the United States launched the

rapid population growth following World War II. The construction of an Interstate Highway System transformed the nation's transportation infrastructure,[160][161] and Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states, expanding the country's borders.[162]

See caption
Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington on August 28, 1963.

The civil rights movement emerged, with Martin Luther King Jr. becoming a prominent leader in the early 1960s.[163] President Lyndon B. Johnson initiated the "Great Society", introducing sweeping legislation and policies to address poverty and racial inequalities.[164] The counterculture movement in the U.S. brought significant social changes, including the liberalization of attitudes towards what substances are acceptable for recreational drug use, sexuality[165][166] and the beginning of the modern gay rights movement as well as open defiance of the military draft and opposition to intervention in Vietnam.[167]

The United States supported

his resignation and a decline in public trust of government that expanded for decades.[168] After a surge in female labor participation around the 1970s, by 1985, the majority of women aged 16 and over were employed.[169] The 1970s and early 1980s saw economic stagflation and President Ronald Reagan responded with neoliberal reforms and a rollback strategy towards the Soviet Union.[170][171][172][173] The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which marked the end of the Cold War and solidified the U.S. as the world's sole superpower.[174][175][176][177]

Contemporary United States (2000–present)

Main articles: History of the United States (1991–2008) and 2008–present
The World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City, during the September 11 attacks in 2001

In the first decades of the 21st century, the U.S. faced challenges from

terrorism, with the September 11 attacks in 2001 leading to the war on terror and military interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.[178][179] The U.S. housing bubble in 2006 culminated in the 2007–2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession, the largest economic contraction since the Great Depression.[180] Amid the financial crisis Barack Obama, the first multiracial president, was elected in 2008.[181][182] By the end of his second term, the stock market and median household income and net worth were at record levels, while the unemployment rate was well below the historical average.[183][184][185][186][187]

The United States has continued to confront sociopolitical debates on various issues such as

climate change policy, media bias and immigration that brought significant policy changes and political polarization.[citation needed] The attack on the United States Capitol of January 6, 2021 attempting to prevent the peaceful transition of power to president-elect Joe Biden[188] and the Supreme Court's ruling on abortion rights in 2022 further fueled protests and political divisions.[189] The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 100 million confirmed cases and 1 million deaths in the United States as of 2023,[190] making it the most deadly pandemic in U.S. history.[191]

Geography

Main article: Geography of the United States
A topographic map of the United States

The 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia occupy a combined area of 3,119,885 square miles (8,080,470 km2). Of this area, 2,959,064 square miles (7,663,940 km2) is contiguous land, composing 83.65% of total U.S. land area.[192][193] About 15% is occupied by Alaska, a state in northwestern North America, with the remainder in Hawaii, a state and archipelago in the central Pacific, and the five populated but unincorporated insular territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.[194] Measured by only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, and just ahead of Canada.[195] The United States is the world's third-largest nation by land and total area behind Russia and Canada.[c][196]

The

fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast.[198]

The

Rockies is the continent's largest volcanic feature.[204]

Climate

Main articles: Climate of the United States and Climate change in the United States
The Köppen climate types of the United States

With its large size and geographic variety, the United States includes most climate types. To the east of the 100th meridian, the climate ranges from humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south.[205]

The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Many mountainous areas of the American West have an alpine climate. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal Oregon and Washington and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Hawaii and the southern tip of Florida are tropical, as well as its territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific.[206]

States bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur in the country, mainly in Tornado Alley areas in the Midwest and South.[207] Overall, the United States receives more high-impact extreme weather incidents than any other country in the world.[208]

Extreme weather became more frequent in the U.S. in the 21st century, with three times the number of reported

heat waves as in the 1960s. Of the ten warmest years ever recorded in the 48 contiguous states, eight occurred after 1998. In the American Southwest, droughts became more persistent and more severe.[209]

Biodiversity and conservation

Main articles: Fauna of the United States and Flora of the United States
national bird of the United States since 1782[210]

The U.S. is one of 17

endemic species: about 17000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and more than 1800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.[211] The United States is home to 428 mammal species, 784 birds, 311 reptiles, and 295 amphibians,[212] and 91000 insect species.[213]

There are 63 national parks, which are managed by the National Park Service, and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness areas, managed by the National Park Service and other agencies.[214] Altogether, about 28% of the country's land area is publicly owned and federally managed,[215] primarily located in the western states.[216] Most of this land is protected, though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining, logging, or cattle ranching, and less than one percent of it is used for military purposes.[217][218]

Endangered Species Act of 1973 is intended to protect threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.[225]

As of 2020, the U.S. ranked 24th among 180 nations in the Environmental Performance Index.[226] The country joined the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2016, and has many other environmental commitments.[227] It withdrew from the Paris Agreement in 2020[228] but rejoined it in 2021.[229]

Government and politics

Main articles:
Government of the United States
Further information:
American patriotism, and American civil religion
The Capitol and its two legislative chambers, the Senate (left) and the House of Representatives (right)
The White House, the residence and workplace of the U.S. President and the offices of the presidential staff
The Supreme Court Building, which houses the nation's highest court

The United States was founded on the principles of the American Enlightenment. It is a federal republic of 50 states, a federal district, five territories and several uninhabited island possessions.[230][231][232] It is the world's oldest surviving federation, and, according to the World Economic Forum, the oldest democracy as well.[233] It is a liberal representative democracy "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law."[234]

The federal government comprises three branches, which are headquartered in Washington, D.C. and regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the Constitution.[235]

The U.S. Constitution serves as the country's supreme legal document, establishing the structure and responsibilities of the federal government and its relationship with the individual states. The Constitution has been amended 27 times.[241]

Political subdivisions

Main articles:
State government in the United States, Local government in the United States, and U.S. state
Further information: List of states and territories of the United States, Indian reservation, and Territories of the United States
See also: Territorial evolution of the United States

In the American

two levels of government: federal and state. Each of the 50 states has territory where it shares sovereignty with the federal government. States are subdivided into counties or county equivalents, and further divided into municipalities. The District of Columbia is a federal district that contains the capital of the United States, the city of Washington.[242] People in the states are also governed by local governments, which are administrative divisions of the states. The territories and the District of Columbia are administrative divisions of the federal government. Governance on many issues is decentralized.[243]

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingDelawareMarylandNew HampshireNew JerseyMassachusettsConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaWest VirginiaVermontRhode Island

Foreign relations

Main articles: Foreign relations of the United States and Foreign policy of the United States
see caption
The United Nations headquarters has been situated along the East River in Midtown Manhattan since 1952; in 1945, the United States was a founding member of the UN.

The United States has an established structure of foreign relations, and it had the world's second-largest diplomatic corps in 2019.[244] It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council,[245] and home to the United Nations headquarters.[246] The United States is also a member of the G7,[247] G20,[248] and OECD intergovernmental organizations.[249] Almost all countries have embassies and many have consulates (official representatives) in the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host formal diplomatic missions with the United States, except Iran,[250] North Korea,[251] and Bhutan.[252] Though Taiwan does not have formal diplomatic relations with the U.S., it maintains close, if unofficial, relations.[253] The United States also regularly supplies Taiwan with military equipment to deter potential Chinese aggression.[254]

The United States has a "

invasion of Ukraine in 2022, significantly deteriorating relations with Russia in the process.[269][270]

Military

Main articles: United States Armed Forces and Military history of the United States
The U.S. Air Force's B-2 Spirit, a stealth heavy strategic bomber
floor space, the Pentagon is far and away the world's largest building
.

The President is the

commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Department of Defense, which is headquartered at the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., administers five of the six service branches, which are made up of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Space Force. The Coast Guard is administered by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and can be transferred to the Department of the Navy in wartime.[271] The United States spent $877 billion on its military in 2022, 39% of global military spending, accounting for 3.5% of the country's GDP.[272][273] The U.S. has more than 40% of the world's nuclear weapons, the second-largest amount after Russia.[274] The United States has the third-largest combined armed forces in the world, behind the Chinese People's Liberation Army and Indian Armed Forces.[275]

Today, American forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of

air defense across the United States, and provides close air support to Army and Marine Corps ground forces.[276][277]

Law enforcement and crime

Main articles: Law enforcement in the United States, Crime in the United States, and Censorship in the United States
J. Edgar Hoover Building, the headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

There are about 18000 U.S. police agencies from local to federal level in the United States.

U.S. federal courts' rulings and federal laws.[279] State courts conduct most civil and criminal trials,[280] and federal courts handle designated crimes and appeals of state court decisions.[281]

As of 2020[update], the United States has an intentional homicide rate of 7 per 100000 people.[282] A cross-sectional analysis of the World Health Organization Mortality Database from 2010 showed that United States homicide rates "were 7.0 times higher than in other high-income countries, driven by a gun homicide rate that was 25.2 times higher."[283]

As of January 2023, the United States has the sixth highest per-capita incarceration rate in the world, at 531 people per 100000; and the largest prison and jail population in the world at 1767200.[284][285] In 2019, the total prison population for those sentenced to more than a year was 1430000, corresponding to a ratio of 419 per 100000 residents and the lowest since 1995.[286] Some think tanks place that number higher, such as Prison Policy Initiative's estimate of 1.9 million.[287] Various states have attempted to reduce their prison populations via government policies and grassroots initiatives.[288]

Economy

Main article: Economy of the United States
Further information: Economic history of the United States and Tourism in the United States
see caption
The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's foremost reserve currency.[289]
The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization[290]

According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is $25.5 trillion, the largest of any country in the world, constituting over 25% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 15% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).[291][13] From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%, compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the Group of Seven.[292] The country ranks first in the world by disposable income per capita,[293] nominal GDP,[294] second by GDP (PPP),[13] seventh by nominal GDP per capita,[291] and eighth by GDP (PPP) per capita.[13] The U.S. has been the world's largest economy since at least 1900.[295]

Apple Park, in Cupertino, California, within Silicon Valley, is the headquarters of Apple Inc., the world's biggest company by market capitalization.[296]

Many of the world's largest companies, such as Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, AT&T, Coca-Cola, Disney, General Motors, McDonald's, Meta, Microsoft, Nike, Pepsi, and Walmart, were founded and are headquartered in the United States.[297] Of the world's 500 largest companies, 136 are headquartered in the U.S.[297]

The United States is at or near the forefront of

household and employee income among OECD member states,[301] and the fourth-highest median household income,[302] up from sixth-highest in 2013.[303]

The

trade volume.[309][310]

The

free trade agreements with several countries, including the USMCA.[314] The U.S. ranked second in the Global Competitiveness Report in 2019, after Singapore.[315]

While its economy has reached a

second-largest manufacturing nation after China.[317] Despite the fact that the U.S. only accounted for 4.24% of the global population, residents of the U.S. collectively possessed 31.5% of the world's total wealth as of 2021, the largest percentage of any country.[318] The U.S. also ranks first in the number of dollar billionaires and millionaires, with 724 billionaires[319] and nearly 22 million millionaires (as of 2021).[320]

Wealth in the United States is highly concentrated; the richest 10% of the adult population own 72% of the country's household wealth, while the bottom 50% own just 2%.[321] Income inequality in the U.S. remains at record highs,[322] with the top fifth of earners taking home more than half of all income[323] and giving the U.S. one of the widest income distributions among OECD members.[324] There were about 582,500 sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons in the U.S. in 2022, with 60% staying in an emergency shelter or transitional housing program.[325] In 2018 six million children experience food insecurity.[326] Feeding America estimates that around one in seven, or approximately 11 million, children experience hunger and do not know where they will get their next meal or when.[327] As of June 2018, 40 million people, roughly 12.7% of the U.S. population, were living in poverty, including 13.3 million children.[328]

The United States has a smaller

guarantee its workers paid vacation nationally[331] and is one of a few countries in the world without federal paid family leave as a legal right.[332] The United States also has a higher percentage of low-income workers than almost any other developed nation, largely because of a weak collective bargaining system and lack of government support for at-risk workers.[333]

Science, technology, and energy

Main articles:
Telecommunications in the United States, and Energy in the United States
Moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission. The United States is the only country that has sent crewed missions to the lunar surface
.

The United States has been a leader in technological

satellites in space in December 2021, the highest number of any country.[339] In 2022, the United States ranked 2nd in the Global Innovation Index.[340]

As of 2021[update], the United States receives approximately 79.1% of its energy from fossil fuels.

petroleum consumption and petroleum supply.[343] The U.S. ranks as second-highest emitter of greenhouse gases, exceeded only by China.[344]

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in the United States
Atlanta metropolitan area, is the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic with over 93 million passengers annually in 2022.[345]

The United States's

rail network, nearly all standard gauge, is the longest in the world, and exceeds 293,564 km (182,400 mi).[346] It handles mostly freight, with intercity passenger service primarily provided by Amtrak, a government-managed company that took over services previously run by private companies, to all but four states.[347][348]

Personal transportation in the United States is

American automotive industry is the world's second-largest automobile market by sales,[358] and the U.S. has the highest vehicle ownership per capita in the world, with 816.4 vehicles per 1000 Americans (2014).[359] In 2017, there were 255 million non-two wheel motor vehicles, or about 910 vehicles per 1000 people.[360]

The American civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are publicly owned.[361] The three largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are U.S.-based; American Airlines is number one after its 2013 acquisition by US Airways.[362] Of the world's 50 busiest passenger airports, 16 are in the United States, including the top five and the busiest, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[363][364] As of 2020, there are 19,919 airports in the United States, of which 5,217 are designated as "public use", including for general aviation and other activities.[365]

Of the fifty busiest container ports, four are located in the United States, of which the busiest is the Port of Los Angeles.[366] The country's inland waterways are the world's fifth-longest, and total 41,009 km (25,482 mi).[367]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of the United States

Population

Main articles: Americans and Race and ethnicity in the United States
See also:
List of U.S. states by population
United States population density map based on Census 2010 data

The U.S. Census Bureau reported 331,449,281 residents as of April 1, 2020,[m][368] making the United States the third-most populous nation in the world, after China and India.[369] According to the Bureau's U.S. Population Clock, on January 28, 2021, the U.S. population had a net gain of one person every 100 seconds, or about 864 people per day.[370] In 2018, 52% of Americans age 15 and over were married, 6% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 32% had never been married.[371] In 2021, the total fertility rate for the U.S. stood at 1.7 children per woman,[372] and it had the world's highest rate of children (23%) living in single-parent households in 2019.[373]

The United States has a diverse population; 37

median age of the United States population was 38.5 years.[369]

Language

Main article: Languages of the United States
Map of United States Official Language Status By State
Map of U.S. official language status by state:
  English is the official language.
  Multiple official languages
  No official language specified

While many languages are spoken in the United States, English is the most common.

U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English, and most states have declared English as the official language.[378] Three states and four U.S. territories have recognized local or indigenous languages in addition to English, including Hawaii (Hawaiian),[379] Alaska (twenty Native languages),[n][380] South Dakota (Sioux),[381] American Samoa (Samoan), Puerto Rico (Spanish), Guam (Chamorro), and the Northern Mariana Islands (Carolinian and Chamorro). In Puerto Rico, Spanish is more widely spoken than English.[382]

According to the American Community Survey, in 2010 some 229 million people (out of the total U.S. population of 308 million) spoke only English at home. More than 37 million spoke Spanish at home, making it the second most commonly used language. Other languages spoken at home by one million people or more include Chinese (2.8 million), Tagalog (1.6 million), Vietnamese (1.4 million), French (1.3 million), Korean (1.1 million), and German (1 million).[383]

Immigration

Main article: Immigration to the United States

The United States has by far the highest

refugee resettlement for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined.[389]

Religion

Main articles: Religion in the United States and Irreligion in the United States
See also: List of religious movements that began in the United States
Religion in USA (2022 WSG and NORC)[390]
Religion Percent
Protestantism
 
 26%
Other Christians
 
 23%
Catholicism
 
 21%
Nothing in particular
 
 12%
Agnosticism
 
 8%
Atheism
 
 4%
Judaism
 
 2%
Buddhism
 
 2%
Other religious
 
 2%
Islam
 
 1%

The First Amendment guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids Congress from passing laws respecting its establishment.[391][392] Religious affiliation in the United States is among the most diverse in the world[393] and varies significantly by region[394] and age.[395] The country has the world's largest Christian population[396] and a majority of Americans identify as Christian, predominantly Catholic, mainline Protestant, or evangelical. Most Americans believe in a higher power,[397][398] and sometimes or often pray;[399] a majority have low confidence in religious institutions[400] and do not regularly attend religious services.[390]

A 2022 Gallup poll found that 31% reported "attending a church, synagogue, mosque or temple weekly or nearly weekly".[401] In the "Bible Belt", located within the Southern United States, evangelical Protestantism plays a significant role culturally. New England and the Western United States tend to be less religious,[394] although Mormonism—a Restorationist Christian movement started in New York in the 19th century—is the predominant religious affiliation in Utah.[402] Around 6% of Americans claim a non-Christian faith;[403] the largest of which are Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism.[404] The United States has the largest Jewish population outside of Israel.[405] "Ceremonial deism" is common in American culture.[391][406]

Until the 1990s, the country was an outlier among developed countries, having a high level of both religiosity and wealth, although this has lessened since then.[397][403][407] Around one-third of Americans describe themselves as unaffiliated with organized religion, Atheist, or Agnostic.[408][403][409] In contrast, in 2022 Baylor University religious studies scholars Byron R. Johnson and Jeff Levin opined: "Americans are becoming more religious, and religious institutions are thriving".[410]

Urbanization

Main articles: Urbanization in the United States and List of United States cities by population

About 82% of Americans live in

urban areas, including suburbs;[196] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50000.[411] In 2008, 273 incorporated municipalities had populations over 100000, nine cities had more than one million residents, and four cities (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston) had populations exceeding two million.[412] Many U.S. metropolitan populations are growing rapidly, particularly in the South and West.[413]

 
  • U.S. Census Bureau
Rank
Name
 Region
Pop.
Rank
Name
 Region
Pop.
Los Angeles
 1 New York Northeast 19,768,458 11 Boston Northeast 4,899,932 Chicago
Chicago
Dallas–Fort Worth
Dallas–Fort Worth
2
Los Angeles
 West 12,997,353 12 Riverside–San Bernardino West 4,653,105
3 Chicago Midwest 9,509,934 13 San Francisco West 4,623,264
4 Dallas–Fort Worth South 7,759,615 14 Detroit Midwest 4,365,205
5 Houston South 7,206,841 15 Seattle West 4,011,553
6 Washington, D.C. South 6,356,434 16 Minneapolis–Saint Paul Midwest 3,690,512
7 Philadelphia Northeast 6,228,601 17 San Diego West 3,286,069
8
Atlanta
 South 6,144,050 18 Tampa–St. Petersburg South 3,219,514
9 Miami South 6,091,747 19 Denver West 2,972,566
10 Phoenix West 4,946,145 20
Baltimore
 South 2,838,327


Education

Main articles:
loan forgiveness programs in place,[426] student loan debt has increased by 102% in the last decade,[427] and exceeded 1.7 trillion dollars as of 2022.[428]

Health

See also: Healthcare in the United States, Healthcare reform in the United States, and Health insurance in the United States
The Texas Medical Center, a cluster of contemporary skyscrapers, at night
Texas Medical Center in Houston is the largest medical complex in the world, employing 106000 people and treating 10 million patients annually as of 2016.[429]

In a preliminary report, the

high-income countries,[435] which reached record levels in 2022.[436] Approximately one-third of the U.S. adult population is obese and another third is overweight.[437] According to CDC data, mortality rates among children and adolescents increased by 20% from 2019 to 2021.[438][439] Poverty is the 4th leading risk factor for premature death in the United States annually, according to a 2023 study published in JAMA.[440][441]

The U.S. health care system far

outspends that of any other nation, measured both in per capita spending and as a percentage of GDP but attains worse health care outcomes when compared to peer nations.[442] The United States is the only developed nation without a system of universal health care, and a significant proportion of the population that does not carry health insurance.[443]

Government-funded health care coverage for the poor (

remains controversial.[449]

Culture and society

Main articles: Culture of the United States and Society of the United States
The Statue of Liberty, a large teal bronze sculpture on a stone pedestal
The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) on Liberty Island in New York Harbor was an 1866 gift from France that has become an iconic symbol of the American Dream.[450]

Americans have traditionally

cultural superpower.[466]

Nearly all present Americans or their ancestors came from

social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants.[469] Whether this perception is accurate has been a topic of debate.[470][471][472] While mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society,[473] scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values.[474] Americans tend to greatly value socioeconomic achievement, but being ordinary or average is promoted by some as a noble condition as well.[475]

The United States is considered to have the

flag desecration, hate speech, blasphemy, and lese-majesty are all forms of protected expression.[477][478][479] A 2016 Pew Research Center poll found that Americans were the most supportive of free expression of any polity measured.[480] They are also the "most supportive of freedom of the press and the right to use the Internet without government censorship."[481] It is a socially progressive country[482] with permissive attitudes surrounding human sexuality.[483] LGBT rights in the United States are among the most advanced in the world.[483][484][485]

Mass media

Further information: Mass media in the United States
See also: Newspapers in the United States, Television in the United States, Internet in the United States, Radio in the United States, and Video games in the United States
Comcast Center in Philadelphia, headquarters of Comcast, the world's largest telecommunications and media conglomerate

The four major broadcasters in the U.S. are the

television networks are all commercial entities. Cable television offers hundreds of channels catering to a variety of niches.[486] As of 2021, about 83% of Americans over age 12 listen to broadcast radio, while about 41% listen to podcasts.[487] As of September 30, 2014, there are 15,433 licensed full-power radio stations in the U.S. according to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC).[488] Much of the public radio broadcasting is supplied by NPR, incorporated in February 1970 under the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.[489]

Globally-recognized newspapers in the United States include

Yahoo, and Facebook, with all of them being American companies.[493]

The video game market of the United States is the world's

Warner Bros., Riot Games, and others.[495][496] There are 444 publishers, developers, and hardware companies in California alone.[497]

Literature and visual arts

Main articles: American literature, American philosophy, Architecture of the United States, and Visual art of the United States
Photograph of Mark Twain
American author and humorist Mark Twain, who William Faulkner called "the father of American literature"[498]

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, American art and literature took most of their cues from Europe. Writers such as Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the 19th century. Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, is recognized as an essential American poet.[499]

In the 1920s, the New Negro Movement coalesced in Harlem, where many writers had migrated from the South and West Indies. Its pan-African perspective was a significant cultural export during the Jazz Age in Paris and as such was a key early influence on the négritude philosophy.[500]

Since its first use in the 19th century, the term "Great American Novel" has been applied to many books, including Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851), Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (1925), John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath (1939), Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), Toni Morrison's Beloved (1987), and David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest (1996).[501][502][503]

Thirteen U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Louise Glück, Bob Dylan, and Toni Morrison.[504] Earlier laureates William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway and John Steinbeck have also been recognized as influential 20th century writers.[505]

In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.[506] Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new, individualistic styles, which would become known as American modernism.[citation needed]

Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. Major photographers include Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, Dorothea Lange, Edward Weston, James Van Der Zee, Ansel Adams, and Gordon Parks.[507]

The uniquely American "Chicago School" refers to two architectural styles derived from the

I.M. Pei, and Stanford White.[citation needed
]

Cinema and theater

Main articles: Cinema of the United States and Theater in the United States

The United States movie industry has a worldwide influence and following. Hollywood, a district in northern Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city, is the leader in motion picture production and the most recognizable movie industry in the world.[511][512][513] The major film studios of the United States are the primary source of the most commercially successful and most ticket-selling movies in the world.[514][515]

American film industry

Since the early 20th century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, although in the 21st century an increasing number of films are not made there, and film companies have been subject to the forces of globalization.

Golden Globe Awards have been held annually since January 1944.[518]

Director D. W. Griffith's film adaptation of The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan was the first American blockbuster, earning the equivalent of $1.8 billion in current dollars. The technical achievements of the film revolutionized film grammar, while its subject matter caused both strident protest and a revitalization of the Klan.[519] Producer and entrepreneur Walt Disney was a leader in both animated film and movie merchandising.[520] Directors such as John Ford redefined the image of the American Old West, and, like others such as John Huston, broadened the possibilities of cinema with location shooting. The industry enjoyed its golden years, in what is commonly referred to as the "Golden Age of Hollywood", from the early sound period until the early 1960s,[521] with screen actors such as John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe becoming iconic figures.[522][523] In the 1970s, "New Hollywood" or the "Hollywood Renaissance"[524] was defined by grittier films influenced by French and Italian realist pictures of the post-war period.[525]

The 21st century has been marked by the rise of American streaming platforms, such as Netflix, Disney+, Paramount+, and Apple TV+, which came to rival traditional cinema.[526][527]

Mainstream theater in the United States derives from the old European theatrical tradition and has been heavily influenced by the

community theater culture.[530]

Music

Main article: Music of the United States
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee

Mainland Europe, or Africa.[531]

The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music have significantly influenced American music at large. The

minstrel shows.[533] Country music developed in the 1920s, and rhythm and blues in the 1940s. Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and what is known as old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. Jazz was developed by innovators such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington early in the 20th century.[535]

hip hop both originated in the United States.[543] American professional opera singers have reached the highest level of success in that form, including Renée Fleming, Leontyne Price, Beverly Sills, Nelson Eddy, and many others.[544]

American popular music, as part of the wider U.S. pop culture, has a worldwide influence and following.[545] Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, Miley Cyrus, Ariana Grande, Eminem, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, and many other contemporary artists dominate global streaming rankings.[546] The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of $4.9 billion in 2014.[547] Most of the world's major record companies are based in the U.S.; they are represented by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[548]

Cuisine

Main article: American cuisine
Further information: List of American regional and fusion cuisines
A cheeseburger served with fries

Early settlers were introduced by Native Americans to such indigenous, non-European foods as

potatoes, and the native turkey as the main course are part of a shared national menu on one of America's most popular holidays, Thanksgiving, when many Americans make or purchase traditional dishes to celebrate the occasion.[552]

The American

tacos preexisted the United States in areas later annexed from Mexico, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are all widely consumed.[560]

A four-story Neocolonial brick building
Roth Hall, the primary facility at The Culinary Institute of America's Hyde Park campus

American

Michelin Star rated restaurants, 70 of which are in New York City alone.[567]

Sports

Main article: Sports in the United States
See also: Professional sports leagues in the United States, National Collegiate Athletic Association, and United States at the Olympics
American football is the most popular sport in the United States; in this September 2022 National Football League game, the Jacksonville Jaguars play the Washington Commanders at FedExField.

The most popular spectator sports in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, soccer, and ice hockey, according to a 2017 Gallup poll.[568] While most major U.S. sports such as baseball and American football have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, and snowboarding are American inventions, some of which have become popular worldwide.[569] Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate European contact.[570] The market for professional sports in the United States was approximately $69 billion in July 2013, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.[571]

American football is by several measures the most popular spectator sport in the United States;[572] the National Football League (NFL) has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world, and the Super Bowl is watched by tens of millions globally.[573] Baseball has been regarded as the U.S. national sport since the late 19th century, with Major League Baseball being the top league. Basketball, soccer and ice hockey are the country's next three most popular professional team sports, with the top leagues being the National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, which are also the premier leagues worldwide for these sports. The most-watched individual sports in the U.S. are golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR and IndyCar.[574][575]

On the collegiate level, earnings for the member institutions exceed $1 billion annually,[576] and college football and basketball attract large audiences, as the NCAA Final Four is one of the most watched national sporting events.[577] In many respects, the intercollegiate sports level serves as a feeder system to the professional level, as the elite college athletes are chosen to compete at the next level. This system differs greatly from nearly all other countries in the world, which generally have government-funded sports organizations that serve as a feeder system for professional competition.[578]

Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, were the first-ever Olympic Games held outside of Europe.[579] The Olympic Games will be held in the U.S. for a ninth time when Los Angeles hosts the 2028 Summer Olympics. U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,959 medals (1,173 gold) at the Olympic Games, by far the most of any country.[580][581][582]

In international soccer, the men's national soccer team qualified for eleven World Cups, and the women's national team has won the FIFA Women's World Cup and Olympic soccer tournament four times each.[583] The United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and will co-host, along with Canada and Mexico, the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[584]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 30 of 50 states recognize only English as an official language. The state of Hawaii recognizes both Hawaiian and English as official languages, the state of Alaska officially recognizes 20 Alaska Native languages alongside English, and the state of South Dakota recognizes O'ceti Sakowin as an official language.
  2. ^ The historical and informal demonym Yankee has been applied to Americans, New Englanders, or northeasterners since the 18th century.
  3. ^ a b c At 3,531,900 sq mi (9,147,590 km2), the United States is the third-largest country in the world by land area, behind Russia and China. By total area (land and water), it is the third-largest behind Russia and Canada, if its coastal and territorial water areas are included. However, if only its internal waters are included (bays, sounds, rivers, lakes, and the Great Lakes), the U.S. is the fourth-largest, after Russia, Canada, and China.

    Coastal/territorial waters included: 3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,517 km2)[18]
    Only internal waters included: 3,696,100 sq mi (9,572,900 km2)[19]
  4. U.S. census
    statistics.
  5. ^ After adjustment for taxes and transfers
  6. ^ See Time in the United States for details about laws governing time zones in the United States.
  7. ^ See Date and time notation in the United States.
  8. U.S. Virgin Islands
    , uses left-hand traffic.
  9. ^ The five major territories are American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands. There are eleven smaller island areas without permanent populations: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, and Palmyra Atoll. U.S. sovereignty over Bajo Nuevo Bank, Navassa Island, Serranilla Bank, and Wake Island is disputed.[17]
  10. British Overseas Territory but itself is not a part of the United Kingdom.[21] Puerto Rico has a maritime border with the Dominican Republic.[22] American Samoa has a maritime border with the Cook Islands, maintained under the Cook Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty.[23][24] American Samoa also has maritime borders with independent Samoa and Niue.[25]
  11. ^ The U.S. Census Bureau provides a continuously updated but unofficial population clock in addition to its decennial census and annual population estimates: www.census.gov/popclock
  12. ^ New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
  13. U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands
    ) and minor island possessions.
  14. Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Alutiiq, Unanga (Aleut), Denaʼina, Deg Xinag, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Gwichʼin, Tanana, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Hän, Ahtna, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian
  15. ^ Also known less formally as Obamacare

References

  1. ^ 36 U.S.C. § 302
  2. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs
    . 2003. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  3. ^ "An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America". H.R. 14, Act of March 3, 1931. 71st United States Congress.
  4. United States Census
    . Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  5. United States Census
    . Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  6. ^ "A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data". NPR. August 13, 2021.
  7. ^ "About Three-in-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated". Measuring Religion in Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel. Pew Research Center. December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
  8. ^ Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia and Fact-index: Ohio. 1963. p. 336.
  9. Census.gov
    . August 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2020. reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.
  10. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
    (OECD). 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  11. ^ Bureau, US Census. "Growth in U.S. Population Shows Early Indication of Recovery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic". Census.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
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