Universal coronavirus vaccine
A universal coronavirus vaccine, also known as a pan-coronavirus vaccine, is a theoretical coronavirus vaccine that would be effective against all coronavirus strains. A universal vaccine would provide protection against coronavirus strains that have caused disease in humans, such as SARS-CoV-2 (including all its variants), while also providing protection against future coronavirus strains. Such a vaccine has been proposed to prevent or mitigate future coronavirus epidemics and pandemics.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Efforts to develop a universal coronavirus vaccine began in early 2020.
Strategies
One strategy for developing such vaccines was developed at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR). It uses a spike ferritin-based nanoparticle (SpFN). This vaccine began a Phase I clinical trial in April 2022.[10]
Another is to attach vaccine fragments from multiple strains to a nanoparticle scaffold. One theory is that a broader range of strains can be vaccinated against by targeting the receptor-binding domain, rather than the whole spike protein.[11]
Projects
Pan-coronavirus vaccine candidates include variant-proof vaccines such as SpFN, developed by the US Army. It uses a ferritin nanoparticle with prefusion-stabilized spike antigens from the Wuhan strain. Another candidate is RBD–scNP, which is a sortase A-conjugated ferritin nanoparticle with receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigens. GRT-R910 is a self-amplifying mRNA delivering spike and T cell epitopes. hAd5-S+N delivers spike and nucleocapsid antigens via human adenovirus serotype 5 vector. MigVax-101 is an adjuvanted oral subunit vaccine with RBD and nucleocapsid domains.[12]
Among the pan-sarbecovirus vaccines are GBP511, a mosaic nanoparticle containing RBDs from SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and 1–2 bat coronaviruses. Another vaccine candidate, which is entering clinical development,[13] is Mosaic-8b, a mosaic nanoparticle containing RBDs from SARS-CoV-2 and 7 animal coronaviruses.[14] VBI-2901 uses virus-like particles expressing prefusion spike of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV.[12] UB-612 contains SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD protein and synthetic peptides representing T cell (Th and CTL) epitopes on the nucleocapsid, spike and membrane proteins.[15]
Pan-betacoronavirus vaccines include DIOS-CoVax, a needle-free antigen injection.[12]
The Interferon Beta Integrated SARS-CoV-2 (IBIS) vaccine takes its name from its comprising a live-but-defective SARS-CoV-2 virus that is
See also
References
- ^ Mullin E (2021-06-09). "A 'Universal' Coronavirus Vaccine to Prevent the Next Pandemic". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Kirkendoll SM (2021-07-07). "New universal coronavirus vaccine could prevent future pandemics". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ a b Joi P (2021-07-13). "Could a universal coronavirus vaccine soon be a reality?". GAVI. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Le Page M (2021-11-10). "Covid-resistant people point way to universal coronavirus vaccine". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Kwon D (2021-06-29). "The Quest for a Universal Coronavirus Vaccine". The Scientist. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
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- ^ a b "NIH scientists urge pursuit of universal coronavirus vaccine". National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2021-12-16. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ a b Bush E (2021-12-15). "Fauci pushes for universal coronavirus vaccine". NBC News. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ "National COVID-19 Preparedness Plan" (PDF). The White House. March 2022. pp. 9, 21, 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ^ "Phase 1 Clinical Trial of WRAIR-developed COVID-19 Vaccine Begins". April 5, 2022. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- ^ Haridy R (7 July 2022). "Another universal coronavirus vaccine readies for human trials". New Atlas. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ S2CID 248264237.
- ^ "CEPI funds consortium led by CPI to advance Caltech's new all-in-one coronavirus vaccine". CEPI. 2022-05-07.
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