University of Minnesota

Coordinates: 44°58′30″N 93°14′07″W / 44.97500°N 93.23528°W / 44.97500; -93.23528
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about the oldest and largest campus of the University of Minnesota. For the entire system, see University of Minnesota system.
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
NCAA Division I FBS – Big Ten
  • WCHA
    • MascotGoldy Gopher
    Websitetwin-cities.umn.edu

    The University of Minnesota (formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities) is a public land-grant research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The Twin Cities campus comprises locations in Minneapolis and Falcon Heights, a suburb of St. Paul, approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) apart.[9]

    The Twin Cities campus is the oldest and largest in the

    University of Minnesota System
    , and is organized into 19 colleges, schools, and other major academic units.

    The Minnesota Territorial Legislature drafted a charter for the University of Minnesota as a territorial university in 1851, seven years before Minnesota became a state. The university is currently classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[11] It is a member of the Association of American Universities. The National Science Foundation ranked University of Minnesota 22nd among American universities for research and development expenditures in 2022 with $1.202 billion.[12][13] The University of Minnesota is considered a Public Ivy university.[14]

    The

    90 Olympic medals.[17]

    History

    The University of Minnesota was founded in

    college preparatory school, seven years prior to Minnesota's statehood.[9] It struggled in its early years and relied on donations to stay open from donors including South Carolina Governor William Aiken Jr.[18][19]

    In 1867, the university received land grant status through the Morrill Act of 1862.[20][21] With lands taken from Dakota people, the University was able to revive itself after closing in 1858.[22] The Dakota people have not been credited for the expropriation of their lands.[22]

    An 1876 donation from flour miller John S. Pillsbury is generally credited with saving the school.[18][19] Since then, Pillsbury has become known as "The Father of the University".[23] Pillsbury Hall is named in his honor.[24][25]

    Academic milestones began with Warren Clark Eustis and Henry Martyn Williamson graduating in 1873 as the university's first graduates.[26] Helen Marr Ely followed as the first female graduate in 1875.[26] The university progressed by awarding its first master's degree in 1880 and conferring its first Ph.D. in 1888.[26]

    As the 20th century began, the university expanded its academic offering. In 1908, the university inaugurated the Program of Mortuary Science, becoming the first state university in the United States to do so.[26] The School of Nursing was established in 1909, the first continuous nursing school on a university campus in the United States; the nursing school later opened its doors to male students in 1949.[26]

    20th-century breakthroughs at the University of Minnesota positioned it as a leader in medical innovation. In 1954, C. Walton Lillehei and F. John Lewis performed the world's first successful open-heart surgery using cross-circulation.[26] 1955 saw Richard DeWall and Lillehei develop the bubble oxygenator, setting the stage for modern heart-lung machines.[26] This was followed by Lillehei's performance of the first artificial heart valve implant in a human in 1958, and in the same year, Earl Bakken, co-founder of Medtronic, Inc., developed the first portable pacemaker, introduced into practice by Lillehei.[26]

    The latter part of the 20th century saw the university's continued innovation in medical transplantation, including the world's first successful kidney/pancreas transplant in 1967, bone marrow transplant in 1968, and living donor pancreas transplant in 1998.[26] Another notable contribution to agriculture came in 1991, with the development of the Honeycrisp apple.[26]

    Academics

    Organization and administration

    The university is organized into 19 colleges, schools, and other major academic units:[27]

    Institutes and centers

    Six university-wide interdisciplinary centers and institutes work across collegiate lines:[28]

    • Center for Cognitive Sciences
    • Consortium on Law and Values in Health, Environment, and the Life Sciences
    • Institute for Advanced Study, University of Minnesota
    • Institute for Engineering in Medicine
    • Institute for Translational Neuroscience
    • Institute on the Environment
    • Minnesota Population Center

    Rankings

    Global

    In 2021, the University of Minnesota was ranked as the 40th best university in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), which assesses academic and research performance.[40] The same 2021 ranking by subject placed the University of Minnesota's ecology program as 2nd best in the world, management program as 10th best, biotechnology program as 11th best, mechanical engineering and medical technology programs as 14th best, law and psychology programs as 19th best, and veterinary sciences program as 20th best.[40] The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) for 2021–22 ranked Minnesota 46th in the world and 26th in the United States.[41] The 2021 Nature Index, which assesses the institutions that dominate high-quality research output, ranked Minnesota 53rd in the world based on research publication data from 2020.[42] U.S. News & World Report ranked Minnesota as the 47th best global university for 2021.[43] The 2015 Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed Minnesota 46th worldwide, based primarily on teaching, research, knowledge transfer, and international outlook.[44]

    National

    In 2021, Minnesota was ranked as the 24th best university in the United States by the

    Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, which ranked 9th, the University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development, which ranked 10th for education psychology and special education, and the University of Minnesota School of Public Health, which ranked 10th.[48]

    In 2020, the

    National Merit Scholars.[49]
    Minnesota is listed as a "Public Ivy" in 2001 Greenes' Guides The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities.[50]

    Undergraduate admissions

    Undergraduate admissions statistics
    2023 entering
    class[51]
    Test scores middle 50%[i]
    SAT Total1340–1490
    (among 50% of FTFs)
    ACT Composite27–32
    (among 50% of FTFs)
    1. ^ Among students who chose to submit

    For the Class of 2027 (enrolled fall 2023), Minnesota received more than 39,000 applications. The Class of 2027 consisted of approximately 6,700 students.

    Of the 50% of enrolled freshmen in 2023 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 27 and 32.[51] Of the 50% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1340–1490.[51]

    The University of Minnesota is a college sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 97 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 112 freshman students were

    National Merit Scholars.[52]

    Discoveries and innovation

    Inventions by University of Minnesota students and faculty have ranged from food science to health technologies. Most of the public research funding in Minnesota is funneled to the University of Minnesota as a result of long-standing advocacy by the university itself.

    The university developed

    Charles Babbage Institute, a research and archive center specializing in computer history. The department has strong roots in the early days of supercomputing with Seymour Cray of Cray supercomputers.[55]

    The university also became a member of the

    Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in 2007 and has led data analysis projects searching for gravitational waves — their existence was confirmed by scientists in February 2016.[56]

    Discoveries and innovation by faculty or alumni include:

    Campuses

    Demographics: Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) campus

    Note: The flagship University of Minnesota campus is the Twin Cities campus, which comprises grounds in St. Paul and Minneapolis, the latter divided into areas on both the east and west banks of the Mississippi River. Administratively, these are all one campus, but for purposes of simplicity, this article will apply "campus" to its component parts where necessary to avoid confusion with the names of cities.

    As the largest of five campuses across the University of Minnesota system, the Twin Cities campus has more than 50,000 students; this makes it the ninth-largest campus student body in the United States overall. It also has more than 300 research, education, and outreach centers and institutes, on everything from the life sciences to public policy and technology.[56]

    The university (system-wide) offers 154 undergraduate degree programs, 24 undergraduate certificates, 307 graduate degree programs, and 79 graduate certificates. The university offers the majority of these programs and certificates at its Twin Cities campus.

    Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC).[59] The Twin Cities campus, as well as the campuses at Crookston, Duluth, Morris, and Rochester, are accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC).[60]

    The racial/ethnic breakdown of the student population is: 56.2% White, 13.4% Asian, 9.5% International Students (that are undesignated race/ethnicity) 8.5% Black, 5.6% Hispanic/Latino, 4.8% Unknown, 1.7% American/Native American Indian, and 0.2% Hawaiian. Among matriculants to the university, 66.8% are considered Minnesota residents and 33.2% are considered out-of-state residents. According to the University Office of Institutional Data and Research, as of fall 2023 there were 30,469 undergraduates at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Of that number, 6,736 were first-time, degree-seeking freshmen. There were 11,233 graduate students.[61]

    Minneapolis campus

    The original Minneapolis campus overlooked the

    preparatory school to a college in 1869. Today, the university's Minneapolis campus is divided by the Mississippi River into an East and West Bank. The East Bank, the main portion of the campus, covers 307 acres (124 ha). The West Bank is home to the University of Minnesota Law School, the Humphrey School of Public Affairs, the Carlson School of Management
    , various social science buildings, and the performing arts center.

    The Minneapolis campus has several residence halls: 17th Avenue Hall, Centennial Hall, Frontier Hall, Territorial Hall, Pioneer Hall, Sanford Hall, Wilkins Hall, Middlebrook Hall, Yudof Hall, and Comstock Hall.

    East Bank

    Northrop Mall
    University of Minnesota East Bank campus in the winter
    Mall panorama, from left: Ford Hall, Coffman Memorial Union, Kolthoff Hall, Smith Hall (in center of image), Walter Library, Johnston Hall, Northrop, and Morrill Hall
    Aerial photo of the Minneapolis campus, facing east
    East Bank
    Walter Library, Northrop Mall
    East Bank campus in winter. Ford Hall on the left, Nils Hasselmo Hall on the right of the light rail in the picture.

    To help ease navigation of the large campus, the university has divided the East Bank into several areas: the Knoll area, the Mall area, the Health area, the Athletic area, and the Gateway area.

    The Knoll area, the oldest extant part of the university, is in the northwestern corner of the campus.[62] Many buildings in this area are well over 100 years old, such as some of the 13 in the Old Campus Historic District.[63] Today, most disciplines in this area relate to the humanities. Burton Hall is home to the College of Education and Human Development. Folwell Hall and Jones Hall are primarily used by the language departments. A residence hall, Sanford Hall, and a student-apartment complex, Roy Wilkins Hall, are in this area. This area is just south of the Dinkytown neighborhood and business area.

    Northrop Mall, or the Mall area, is arguably the center of the Minneapolis campus. The plan for the Mall was based on a design by

    College of Science and Engineering. Behind CMU is another residence hall, Comstock Hall, and another student-apartment complex, Yudof Hall. The Northrop Mall Historic District was formally listed in the National Register of Historic Places in January 2018.[66]

    The Health area is to the southeast of the Mall area and focuses on undergraduate buildings for

    University of Minnesota Medical Center. Part of the College of Biological Sciences
    is housed in this area.

    Across the street from the University of Minnesota Medical Center Fairview is an area known as the "Superblock", a four-city-block space comprising four residence halls (Pioneer, Frontier, Centennial and Territorial Halls). The Superblock is one of the most popular locations for on-campus housing because it has the largest concentration of students living on campus and has a multitude of social activities between the residence halls.

    The Athletic area is directly north of the Superblock and includes four recreation/athletic facilities: the University Recreation Center, Cooke Hall, the University Fieldhouse, and the

    Mariucci Arena, Ridder Arena
    , and the Baseline Tennis Center.

    The Gateway area, the easternmost section of campus, is primarily composed of office buildings instead of classrooms and lecture halls. The most prominent building is

    biomedical research
    initiative and has built five biomedical research buildings that form a biomedical complex directly north of Huntington Bank Stadium.

    Notable architecture
    Pillsbury Hall, one of the oldest buildings on campus (1889)
    Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum

    The Armory, northeast of the Mall area, is built like a Norman castle. It features a sally-port entrance facing Church Street and a tower that was originally intended to be the professor of military science's residence. Since it originally held the athletics department, the Armory also features a gymnasium. Today it is home to military science classes and the university's Reserve Officers' Training Corps.

    Several buildings in the

    polychromatic facade incorporates several sandstone varieties that were available in Minnesota during the time of construction. Buffington also designed the exterior of Burton Hall, considered one of the strongest specimens of Greek Revival architecture
    in Minnesota.

    Many of the buildings on the East Bank were designed by the prolific Minnesota architect

    Clarence H. Johnston, including the Jacobean Folwell Hall and the Beaux-Arts edifices of Northrop Auditorium and Walter Library, which he considered the heart of the university. Johnston's son, Clarence Johnston Jr, was also an architect and designed the original Bell Museum building and Coffman Memorial Union
    in the 1930s.

    The Malcolm Moos Health Sciences Tower, which is the tallest building on the Twin Cities campus, is a noted example of brutalist architecture.

    In more recent years, Frank Gehry designed the Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum. Completed in 1993, the Weisman Art Museum is a typical example of his work with curving metallic structures. The abstract structure is considered highly significant because it was built prior to the widespread use of computer-aided design in architecture. It also ushered in a new era of architecture at the university, which continued with the completion of the McNamara Alumni Center in 2000 and Bruininks Hall (formerly STSS) in 2010.

    Another notable structure is the addition to the Architecture building, designed by

    modernist architect and School of Architecture Dean Ralph Rapson
    .

    The university also has a "Greek row" of historic

    List of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota

    West Bank

    Department of Theatre Arts & Dance, Rarig Center

    The West Bank covers 53 acres (21 ha). The West Bank Arts Quarter includes:

    • Rarig Center (Theatre Arts & Dance)
    • The Barbara Barker Center for Dance
    • Ferguson Hall (School of Music)
    • Ted Mann Concert Hall
    • Regis Center for Art

    The Quarter is home to several annual interdisciplinary arts festivals.

    The Social Sciences are also on the West Bank and include the

    Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs
    .

    Wilson Library, the largest library in the university system, is also on the West Bank, as is Middlebrook Hall, the largest residence hall on campus. Approximately 900 students reside in the building named in honor of William T. Middlebrook.[67]

    Getting around

    The Washington Avenue Bridge connects the East Bank and West Bank portions of the Minneapolis campus.
    Downtown Minneapolis

    The Washington Avenue Bridge crossing the Mississippi River provides access between the East and West Banks, on foot and via designated bike lanes and a free shuttle service. The bridge has two separate decks: the lower deck for vehicles and the newly constructed light rail, and the upper deck for pedestrian and bicycle traffic. An unheated enclosed walkway runs the length of the bridge and shelters pedestrians from the weather. Walking and riding bicycles are the most common modes of transportation among students. At times, the University Police has occasionally cited individuals for jaywalking or riding bicycles on restricted sidewalks in areas surrounding the university, resulting in fines as high as $250. This is often done at the beginning of a school year or after pedestrians interfere with traffic.[68]

    Several pedestrian tunnels ease the passage from building to building during harsh weather; they are marked with signs reading "The Gopher Way".

    The Minneapolis campus is near

    Stadium Village (on the southeast), and Prospect Park
    (on the east).

    Three

    West Bank. The university partnered with Metro to offer students, staff, and faculty members a Campus Zone Pass that enables free travel on the three stations that pass through campus,[69] as well as a discounted unlimited pass for students.[70] More recently, the university has instituted the Universal Transit Pass, which allows most students unlimited access to the Metro Transit light rail and bus networks as well as a number of other transit systems in the area.[71]

    St. Paul campus

    Aerial photo of St. Paul campus, facing south

    The St. Paul campus is in the city of Falcon Heights, about 3 mi (4.8 km) from the Minneapolis campus. The default place name for the ZIP code serving the campus is "St. Paul", but "Falcon Heights" is also recognized for use in the street addresses of all campus buildings. The College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, including the University of Minnesota Food Industry Center and many other disciplines from social sciences to vocational education, are on this campus. It also includes the College of Continuing and Professional Studies,[72] College of Veterinary Medicine,[73] and College of Biological Sciences.[74] The extensive lawns, flowers, trees, and surrounding University research farm plots create a greener and quieter campus. It has a grassy mall of its own and can be a bit of a retreat from the more urban Minneapolis campus. Prominent on this campus is Bailey Hall, the St. Paul campus' only residence hall. Campus Connector buses run every five minutes on weekdays when school is in session, and every 20 minutes on weekends, allowing students easy access to both campuses.

    The Continuing Education and Conference Center,[75] which serves over 20,000 conference attendees per year, is also on the St. Paul campus.

    The St. Paul campus is home to the College of Design's Department of Design, Housing, and Apparel (DHA). Located in McNeal Hall, DHA includes the departmental disciplines of apparel design, graphic design, housing studies, interior design, and retail merchandising.

    The St. Paul campus is known to University students and staff for the Meat and Dairy Salesroom,[76] which sells animal food products (such as ice cream, cheese, and meat) produced in the university's state-certified pilot plant by students, faculty and staff.[77]

    The St. Paul campus borders the Minnesota State Fairgrounds, which hosts the largest state fair in the United States by daily attendance.[78] The fair lasts 12 days, from late August through Labor Day. The grounds also serve a variety of functions during the rest of the year.

    Although the Falcon Heights area code is 651, the university telephone system trunk lines use Minneapolis exchanges and its 612 area code.

    Commuting between Minneapolis and St. Paul campuses

    On regular weekdays during the school year, the Campus Connectors operate with schedule-less service as often as every five minutes during the busiest parts of the school day (between 7 am and 5:30 pm), slowing to once every 15 or 20 minutes during earlier or later hours.

    Blue Line light rail required a subsidy of $1.44 that year, and that was with many riders paying $1.75 or more for a ride.[81]

    Campus safety

    The Step Up campaign is a program that helps students prevent excessive drinking, as well as sexual assault and other crimes, by teaching them how to intervene and prevent in a positive way.[82] This is done, in part, by explaining the bystander effect. The U of M also has a SAFE-U emergency notification text messaging system that sends out a notification to all faculty, staff, and students in case of emergency.[83] The commitment to a safe inclusive campus is also articulated through the comprehensive University of Minnesota Safety Plan, aligned with MPact 2025's Commitment 5, Action Item 5.4, emphasizing the need to assess and improve campus safety continually.[84] The establishment of the Strategic Safety Advisory Committee and public safety forums fosters community engagement and dialogue on safety concerns and improvements. Additionally, the university has made strides in off-campus safety through nightly patrols in Dinkytown and the introduction of blue light kiosks and mobile light trailers to enhance visibility and security. Other resources help students get home safely. Calling 624-WALK secures an escort for walks to adjacent campuses and neighborhoods, and Gopher Chauffeur, a van service, offers rides near and on campus. Both are free and open to all students, staff, and faculty.[85]

    In addition, the campus has nearly 200 automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and 200 yellow phones for emergency-only calls. The University Police Station has 20 Code Blue phones around campus that immediately connect people to their office. There are also over 2,000 security cameras being monitored 24 hours a day.[85]

    The university also maintains a vigilant stance on cybersecurity, conducting annual external assessments and updating strategies for risk mitigation. Emergency preparedness is also a key focus, with updated Emergency Operations Plans and disaster recovery protocols ensuring readiness for a variety of potential threats.[84]

    Sexual assaults

    Minnesota Gophers football player Dominic Jones was convicted of sexual assault in 2008.[86] In July 2009, an appeals court upheld Jones' conviction, but reduced his four-year prison sentence to one year.[87] More than 1,000 sexual assaults on campus were reported between 2010 and 2015.[88] No prosecutions for rape occurred, according to Katie Eichele of the Aurora Center,[88] until the conviction of Daniel Drill-Mellum in 2016, for the rapes of two fellow students.[89] Drill-Mellum received a six-year prison sentence.[89]

    It has been alleged that few sexual assaults on campus are reported to University police.[90] Six resulted in arrest from 2010 to 2015; one was determined to be unfounded.[90] In a study by campus police, in the years between 2005 and 2015, sexual assaults at the university remained the same or increased[91] despite six sexual assault resources and many anti-crime programs on campus.[92][93][94][95] In August 2020, the University of Minnesota agreed to pay $500,000 to a woman who in the fall of 2016, accused several Gophers football players of sexually assaulting her.[96] In February 2017, a University of Minnesota panel cleared four of the 10 Gopher football players the woman accused and agreed with investigators' recommendation that four other players be expelled and the other two players should be suspended for a year.[97]

    Student life and traditions

    Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
    Race and ethnicity[98] Total
    White 64% 64
     
    Asian 11% 11
     
    Foreign national 7% 7
     
    Black 6% 6
     
    Other[a] 6% 6
     
    Hispanic 5% 5
     
    Economic diversity
    Low-income[b] 18% 18
     
    Affluent[c] 82% 82
     

    Greek life, professional and honor societies

    Main article: List of University of Minnesota fraternities and sororities

    The University of Minnesota has numerous fraternities and sororities. Including defunct branches, the Greek System numbers more than 200 organizations, approximately half of which operate today.

    Academic and Social chapters, including non-residential multicultural groups. The Greek System includes some but not all Professional Fraternities, Honor Societies, Religious and Service Fraternities. Fraternities and sororities have built several historically significant "Fraternity Row" homes along University Ave. SE, 10th Ave. SE, 4th Street SE, and 5th Street SE, all in Minneapolis, or along Cleveland Ave. near the St. Paul campus.[100]

    As of June 2018, approximately 3,900 system members made up about 11% of the campus population. Minnesota hosts 38 academic fraternities, 20 academic sororities, 56 honors societies, 31 professional societies, and two service-focused chapters.[101][102]

    Media

    The eastern edge of the Northrop Mall, Spring 2008

    Print

    The Minnesota Daily has been published twice a week during the normal school season since the fall semester 2016.[103] It is printed weekly during the summer. The Daily is operated by an autonomous organization run entirely by students. It was first published on May 1, 1900. Besides everyday news coverage, the paper has also published special issues, such as the Grapevine Awards, Ski-U-Mah, the Bar & Beer Guide, Sex-U-Mah, and others.

    A long-defunct humor magazine, Ski-U-Mah, was published from about 1930 to 1950. It launched the career of novelist and scriptwriter Max Shulman.

    A relative newcomer to the university's print media community is

    The Wake Student Magazine, a weekly that covers UMN-related stories and provides a forum for student expression. It was founded in November 2001 in an effort to diversify campus media and achieved student group status in February 2002.[104] Students from many disciplines do all of the reporting, writing, editing, illustration, photography, layout, and business management for the publication. The magazine was founded by James DeLong and Chris Ruen.[105] The Wake was named the nation's best campus publication (2006) by the Independent Press Association.[104]

    Additionally, the Wake publishes Liminal, a literary journal begun in 2005. Liminal was created in the absence of an undergraduate literary journal and continues to bring poetry and prose to the university community.

    The Wake has faced a number of challenges during its existence, due in part to the reliance on student fees funding. In April 2004, after the Student Services Fees Committee had initially declined to fund it, the needed $60,000 in funding was restored, allowing the magazine to continue publishing.[105] It faced further challenges in 2005, when its request for additional funding to publish weekly was denied[106] and then partially restored.[107]

    In 2005 conservatives on campus began formulating a new publication named The Minnesota Republic. The first issue was released in February 2006, and funding by student service fees started in September 2006. The Republic is a biweekly newspaper run entirely by students, reporting on campus, state, and national news with commentary on sports, economics, and arts and entertainment.

    The Republic is a member of the Collegiate Network, a program that includes over 100 publications at colleges and universities around the United States.

    Radio

    The University of Minnesota on the radio version of the College Bowl, c. 1953–54

    The campus radio station,

    call sign
    about two decades later. The station had an educational format until 1993, when it merged with a smaller campus-only music station to become what is now known as Radio K. A small group of full-time employees are joined by over 20 part-time student employees who oversee the station. Most of the on-air talent consists of student volunteers.

    Television

    Some television programs made on campus have been broadcast on local

    KTCI
    channel 17. Several episodes of Great Conversations have been made since 2002, featuring one-on-one discussions between University faculty and experts brought in from around the world. Tech Talk was a show meant to help people who feel intimidated by modern technology, including cellular phones and computers.

    Student Government

    Undergraduate Student Government

    The Undergraduate Student Government, formerly the Minnesota Student Association (MSA), is the undergraduate student government at the University of Minnesota. It advocates for student interests on local, state, and federal levels, and focuses on efforts that directly benefit the student population.

    "Gopher Chauffeur", originally titled the MSA Express, is a student-operated late-night ride service.[108] Piloted by MSA, the 2007–2008 administration of Emma Olson and Ross Skattum began the process of transitioning the service to the university's Boynton Health Services.[109] This was done to ensure its longevity. Student response was overwhelmingly positive,[110] and the program was expanded in recent years due to campus safety concerns.[111]

    MSA was instrumental in passing legislation in the 2013 Minnesota Legislature for medical amnesty, and has focused more heavily on legislative advocacy in recent years.[112]

    Graduate and Professional Student Assembly

    The Graduate and Professional Student Assembly (GAPSA) was responsible for graduate and professional student governance at the University of Minnesota. It is the largest and most comprehensive graduate/professional student governance organization in the United States. GAPSA serves students in the

    College of Education and Human Development
    . GAPSA is also a member of the National Association of Graduate-Professional Students.

    The University of Minnesota has the second-largest number of graduate and professional students in the United States at over 16,000. All registered

    professional students
    at UMN are members of GAPSA. It was established in 1990 as a nonprofit (IRS 501 (c)(3)) confederation of independent college councils representing all graduate and professional students at the University of Minnesota to the Board of Regents, the president of the university, the University Senate, UMN at large and the wider community. GAPSA served as a resource for member councils, as the primary contact point for administrative units, as a graduate and professional student policy-making and policy-influencing body, and as a center of intercollegiate and intracollegiate interaction among students.

    In 2014, GAPSA split into two organizations and ceased to exist as such due to an increasing separation between the needs of graduate and professional students. COGS (the Council of Graduate Students) broke off from the larger body, which then renamed to PSG (Professional Student Governance).[113][114] Both units continue to fulfill the former functions of GAPSA for the respective student bodies each represents.

    Student activism

    Student activism has played an important role at the university, including campaigns to desegregate campus housing in the 1930s and 1940s,[115] Black students' take over of Morrill Hall in 1969, which led to the creation of the Department of Afro-American Studies,[116] now known as the Department of African-American and African Studies,[117] the 1970 student strike against war,[118] campaigns to keep the General College open in the 2000s, campaigns against racism in 2014–2015 known as Whose Diversity?,[119] and many graduate student unionization efforts. For example, labor coalition efforts in the 2021–2022 academic year highlighted poor wages, poor stipend conditions, and administrative disrespect for graduate student workers.[120] In the 2022-2023 academic year, labor efforts materialized into a campaign and a vote that culminated in the formation of the Graduate Labor Union-United Electrical (GLU-UE), the labor union currently representing graduate student workers at the University of Minnesota.[121][122]

    Athletics

    Minnesota's Twin Cities campus athletics teams are called the Minnesota Golden Gophers and are members of the Big Ten Conference and the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). As of 2019, they have won 19 NCAA championships[123] and claim six national football championships.[124]

    Main article: Minnesota Golden Gophers

    Since the 2013–14 school year, the only Minnesota team that does not compete in the Big Ten is the

    men's ice hockey league with six inaugural members. The current athletic director is Mark Coyle
    .

    The Golden Gophers' most notable rivalry is the annual college football game against the

    Paul Bunyan's Axe. The two universities also compete in the Border Battle, a year-long athletic competition in which each sport season is worth 40 points divided by the number of times the teams play each other (i.e. football is worth 40 points because they play each other only once, while women's ice hockey is worth 10 points per game because they play four times a year). Conference and postseason playoffs
    do not count in the point standings.

    gopher mascot is a tradition as old as the state, which was tabbed the "Gopher State" in 1857 after a political cartoon ridiculing the $5 million railroad loan that helped open up the West. The cartoon portrayed shifty railroad barons as striped gophers pulling a railroad car carrying the Territorial Legislature. Later, the university picked up the nickname with the first university yearbook
    , bearing the name "Gopher Annual", appearing in 1887.

    The

    state song of Minnesota.[125]

    Football

    Main article: Minnesota Golden Gophers football
    Huntington Bank Stadium replaced the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome as the Gophers' home stadium in 2009.

    The Minnesota Golden Gophers are one of the oldest programs in college football history. They have won seven

    Big Ten Conference Championships. The Golden Gophers played their first game on September 29, 1882, a 4–0 victory over Hamline University
    , St. Paul. In 1887, the Golden Gophers played host to the Wisconsin Badgers in a 63–0 victory. With the exception of 1906, the Golden Gophers and the Badgers have played each other every year since. The 128 games played against each other make this the most played rivalry in NCAA Division I FBS college football.

    During their illustrious history, the Golden Gophers achieved a remarkable feat with a three-peat national championship run from 1934 to 1936. This period solidified their reputation as a powerhouse in the sport, leaving an indelible mark on college football history. To date, this remains the highest consecutive championship count in NCAA Division I FBS college football history, a record shared with the Georgia Bulldogs.

    In 1981, the Golden Gophers played their last game in Memorial Stadium. Between 1982 and 2008, the school played their home games in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in downtown Minneapolis. They moved back to campus on September 12, 2009, when their new home, TCF Bank Stadium, opened with a game against the Air Force Falcons of the U.S. Air Force Academy. Often referred to as The Bank, the stadium was renamed Huntington Bank Stadium in June 2021 to reflect the acquisition of TCF Bank by Huntington Bank.[126]

    Basketball

    Main articles: Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball and Minnesota Golden Gophers women's basketball

    The Golden Gophers men's basketball team has won two

    Sweet 16 appearances. Overall the Golden Gophers have a 15-13 record in the NCAA tournament with their highest ranking being a 1 seed in 1997. However, because of NCAA sanctions for academic fraud
    , all postseason appearances from 1994 to 1998—in the NCAA Tournament in 1994, 1995, and 1997 and NIT in 1996 and 1998—were vacated. With these seasons removed the Gophers have gone 9-10 in the NCAA tournament with a highest ranking of the 2 seed in 1984. Most recently, in April 2014 the Golden Gophers defeated SMU to win the NIT championship at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

    The

    Sweet 16 appearances.[127][128]

    Men's hockey

    Main article: Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey
    Mariucci Arena

    The Golden Gophers men's hockey program has won 5

    Frozen Four appearances. Their most recent NCAA tournament run was in 2023 where they made it to the championship game, but lost to the Quinnipiac Bobcats. A former Golden Gophers hockey tradition was to fill a majority of the team roster with Minnesota natives. Home games are played at Mariucci Arena. The Golden Gophers' big rivals are the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of North Dakota.[129]

    Baseball

    The Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team boasts a storied history marked by championship success, particularly in the Big Ten Conference. Since its inception, the Golden Gophers have won 24 Big Ten championships with their most recent being in 2018. Along with Big Ten titles the Golden Gophers have made the College World Series 5 times with a 17-7 record and 3 NCAA championships with their most recent being in 1964.[130]

    Women's hockey

    Main article: Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey

    The Golden Gophers women's hockey team has won six NCAA National Championships, most recently in 2016, and nine WCHA Regular Season Championships. They have also won seven WCHA Tournament Championships and have eleven NCAA Frozen Four appearances. They play their home games in Ridder Arena. They were the first collegiate women's hockey team to play in an arena dedicated solely to women's ice hockey. In the 2012–2013 season they finished undefeated at 41–0, and are the first and only NCAA women's hockey team to do so. After winning the NCAA tournament their winning streak stood at 49 games, dating back to February 17, 2012, when they lost to North Dakota.[131]

    Women's rugby

    The first Division I collegiate women's rugby club in the state, the Golden Gophers women's rugby club team won the Midwest conference championship in 2015, 2016, and 2017.[132]

    Women's gymnastics

    The Golden Gophers Women's Gymnastics team competes in the Maturi Pavilion.[133] The team has won nine Big Ten titles, the most recent in 2021. Along with nine Big Ten titles the Golden Gophers have made the NCAA tournament six times with their highest placement being 6th in 2022 with a total team score of 197.1125.[134]

    Cross Country and Track and Field

    The Cross Country and Track and Field programs have produced several professional runners, including Ben Blankenship, Gabriele Grunwald, and Charlie Lawrence. They also host the Roy Griak meet, a large collegiate cross country meet.[135]

    Notable people

    For a more comprehensive list, see List of University of Minnesota people.

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
    2. Pell grant
      intended for low-income students.
    3. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

    References

    1. ^ "Board of Regents Policy" (PDF). University of Minnesota. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
    2. ^ "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY21 to FY22" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO). April 21, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
    3. ^ For Minnesota State Fiscal Year 2024 "University Budget and University Finance". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on March 10, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    4. ^ "Office of the President". president.umn.edu. Archived from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
    5. ^ a b "University of Minnesota: Faculty and Staff Headcounts". University of Minnesota Office of Institutional Data and Research. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    6. ^ a b c d e "Official Enrollment Statistics". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    7. ^ "College Navigator – University of Minnesota-Twin Cities". nces.ed.gov. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
    8. ^ "Our Brand: How to Convey It". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
    9. ^ a b "About Us". University of Minnesota Twin Cities. Archived from the original on October 11, 1999. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
    10. ^ "Official Enrollment Statistics". Office of Institutional Research. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    11. ^ "Carnegie Classifications Standard Listings". The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
    12. ^ "UMN Research Statistics | RIO". research.umn.edu. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    13. ^ Zalaznick, Matt (January 6, 2023). "Billion-dollar business: These are higher ed's top 30 R&D performers". University Business. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
    14. ISBN 978-0060934590
      .
    15. ^ "University of Minnesota Athletics - Official Athletics Website". University of Minnesota Athletics. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    16. ^ "Minnesota Championships". University of Minnesota Athletics. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    17. ^ "Golden Gophers in the Olympics". University of Minnesota Athletics. Archived from the original on September 27, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    18. ^
      JSTOR 26368724
      .
    19. ^ a b Brown, Curt (June 20, 2016). "Minnesota History: Southern slave owner helped revive University of Minnesota". Star-Tribune. Minneapolis, Minn. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
    20. ^ "Land-grant exhibit looks back at 150 years of U of M history". MinnPost. September 10, 2012. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
    21. ^ Reinert |, Roger (March 16, 2014). "Column: Land-grant mission has deep roots in Minnesota history". Duluth News Tribune. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
    22. ^ a b Vue, Katelyn (July 7, 2020). "Over 150 years ago, tribal land revived the University. Now, American Indian leaders, students and faculty want this history addressed". The Minnesota Daily. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
    23. ^ Carney, Mary Vance (1918). Minnesota: the star of the North. D. C. Heath & co. p. 218.
    24. ^ Minnesota. University (1921). Bulletin. Minnesota. University. p. 67.
    25. ISBN 9780873515405
      .
    26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History - University of Minnesota Twin Cities". University of Minnesota. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
    27. ^ "Academics and Research". University of Minnesota. April 29, 2015. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
    28. ^ "Academic Affairs and Provost, University of Minnesota". Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    29. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
    30. ^ "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2023". Forbes. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
    31. ^ "2023-2024 Best National Universities". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
    32. ^ "2023 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
    33. ^ "2024 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
    34. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
    35. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2024: Top global universities". Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
    36. ^ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
    37. ^ "2022-23 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
    38. ^ "University of Minnesota--Twin Cities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
    39. ^ "University of Minnesota--Twin Cities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on April 23, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
    40. ^ a b "2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking. Archived from the original on September 30, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
    41. ^ "CWUR 2021 – World University Rankings". CWUR. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
    42. ^ "Nature Index 2021 Global – Top Institutions Academic Sector". Springer Nature. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
    43. ^ "U.S. News & World Report - 2021 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
    44. ^ "THE - World University Rankings 2022". Times Higher Education. August 25, 2021. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
    45. ^ "2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
    46. ^ "2021 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 29, 2021. Archived from the original on September 13, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
    47. ^ "National University Rankings 2023". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
    48. ^ a b "University of Minnesota--Twin Cities Graduate School Rankings 2022". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
    49. ^ "The Top American Research Universities-2020 Annual Report" (PDF). The Center for Measuring University Performance. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
    50. ISBN 9780060934590. Archived
      from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
    51. ^ a b c "University of Minnesota Common Data Set 2021-2022" (PDF). University of Minnesota Institutional Data and Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
    52. ^ "National Merit Scholarship Corporation 2019-20 Annual Report" (PDF). National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
    53. ^ Anderson, Nate (November 4, 2009). "The Web may have won, but Gopher tunnels on". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
    54. ^ Waters, Darren (April 30, 2008). "Web in infancy, says Berners-Lee". BBC News. Archived from the original on January 7, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    55. ^ "Cray's Mark Remains Speed With Simplicity". University of Minnesota Update, Spring 1983. Archived from the original on November 23, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
    56. ^ a b "University of Minnesota World University Rankings | THE". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
    57. ^ "Minnesotan Alexander P. Anderson was the father of puffed rice cereal". MINNPOST. May 7, 2013. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
    58. ^ "Degree Programs". University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
    59. ^ "Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC)". Regents of the University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
    60. ^ "University of Minnesota: Academic Affairs & Provost". Archived from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
    61. ^ "IDR : Reports by Topic Enrollment: Enrollments". Institutional Data and Research. Regents of the University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
    62. ^ "The Campus Knoll". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
    63. ^ "University of Minnesota Heritage Trail". Archived from the original on February 9, 2012.
    64. ISBN 978-0-87351-540-5
      .
    65. ^ Madsen, Rob (Spring 2023). "The Cost of Conservatism: The University of Minnesota's Lofted Ideals and Fallen Football Teams". Journal of Sport History. 50 (1): 85–100.
    66. ^ "Weekly List - National Register of Historic Places Official Website--Part of the National Park Service". www.nps.gov. Archived from the original on October 16, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
    67. ^ Middlebrook served the University as Comptroller, VP of Business Administration, and was a longtime Secretary of the Board of Regents. He wrote a seminal text on estimating building needs for colleges and universities. Middlebrook graduated from Dartmouth College in 1912, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa.
    68. ^ "Pedestrians should exercise caution". The Minnesota Daily. September 29, 2006. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
    69. ^ "Campus Zone Pass". University of Minnesota Parking and Transportation. Spring 2016. Archived from the original on November 9, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
    70. ^ "U-Pass". University of Minnesota Parking and Transportation. May 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
    71. ^ "Universal Transit Pass". University of Minnesota Parking and Transportation Services. September 8, 2023. Archived from the original on September 11, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
    72. ^ "COLLEGE OF CONTINUING AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES". cce.umn.edu. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    73. ^ "College of Veterinary Medicine". cvm.umn.edu. May 16, 2012. Archived from the original on July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    74. ^ "College of Biological Sciences". cbs.umn.edu. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    75. ^ "Continuing Education and Conference Center". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
    76. ^ "Dairy Salesroom". Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota. January 20, 2010. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    77. ^ "Meat Science". Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    78. ^ "2006 Detailed Daily Attendance". Minnesota State Fair. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved July 17, 2007.
    79. ^ "Campus Connectors | Parking & Transportation Services". Umn.edu. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
    80. ^ "Campus Connectors | Parking & Transportation Services". Umn.edu. May 11, 2016. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
    81. ^ "2009 Transit System Performance Evaluation". Metropolitan Council. 2009. Archived from the original on May 19, 2010.
    82. ^ "Step Up". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
    83. ^ "TXT- U". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
    84. ^ a b "Safety Approach". Safe Campus. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
    85. ^ a b "Safety and Security". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
    86. ^ Rochelle Olson (July 29, 2008). "Ex-Gopher Dominic Jones: 'My name now is Inmate'". www.startribune.com. The Star Tribune. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
    87. ^ Miranda, Maricella (July 8, 2009). "her Dominic Jones' sex crime conviction upheld by appeals court". Pioneer Press. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
    88. ^ a b "After Authorities Did Not Charge her Rapist U Student Fought Back". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
    89. ^ a b "Former University of Minnesota Frat Brother Sentenced to 6 Years in Prison for Rape". Cosmopolitan. September 2016. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
    90. ^ a b "1 in 10 rape cases on University of Minnesota campus lead to arrest". Fox 9 News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
    91. ^ "10 Year Part I Crime Statistics". University of Minnesota Public Safety. August 7, 2015. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
    92. ^ "'Universities and Fraternities Must Tell the Whole Truth' About Sexual Violence". Time. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
    93. ^ "Working Together to Address Campus Sexual Violence" (PDF). University of Minnesota. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 10, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
    94. ^ "Here's What's Missing From the Stats on Campus Rape". MotherJones. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
    95. ^ "How the University of Minnesota handles sexual assault". Minnesota Public Radio. April 2015. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
    96. ^ "University of Minnesota paid $500,000 to woman who accused Gophers football players of rape". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
    97. ^ Wilcoxen, William (March 8, 2018). "Reports: Panel clears 4 Gopher football players, expels 4 others". Bring Me The News. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
    98. ^ "College Scorecard: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities". United States Department of Education. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
    99. ^ For examples, see any edition of the Minnesota Gopher Yearbook Archived June 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, which featured fraternities and sororities during its century-long publication run. Website accessed June 30, 2014.
    100. ^ Carole Zellie (2003). "University of Minnesota Greek Letter Chapter House Designation Study, prepared for the Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission". Author's firm: Landscape Research, St. Paul, MN. pp. 3–4 of 180, and throughout by chapter entry.
    101. ^ The University of Minnesota / Office for Fraternity and Sorority Life annual report Archived September 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, accessed September 9, 2018
    102. ^ University of Minnesota, List of student organizations Archived June 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
    103. ^ Maura, Lerner (June 29, 2016). "U of M student newspaper to cut back print edition to 2 days a week". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
    104. ^ a b "2008–2009 Student Organization Student Services Fees Request" (PDF). January 25, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2008.[dead link]
    105. ^ a b Krogstad, Jens (April 7, 2004). "Official Restores Wake's Funding". The Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on June 25, 2004. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
    106. ^ Haugen, Bryce (February 18, 2005). "Wake Awaits Fees Decision". The Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on February 20, 2005. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
    107. ^ Haugen, Bryce (March 10, 2005). "Final Recommendations In". The Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on March 12, 2005. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
    108. ^ "Hitch a ride with MSA". Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007.
    109. ^ "Boynton to run MSA Express". Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
    110. ^ "Shuttle Service Provides 'U' Students Security". Wcco.com. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
    111. ^ "Taking them home: The U's Gopher Chauffeur service helps keep students safe at night". umn.edu. November 20, 2013. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014.
    112. ^ Nelson, Cody (July 31, 2013). "Under medical amnesty law, underage drinkers will get new legal protections: Underage drinkers will be able to call 911 without fearing a citation". Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014.
    113. ^ "UMN PSG - Mission and History". Professional Student Government. Professional Student Government, University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
    114. ^ "COGS set to leave GAPSA". Minnesota Daily. November 25, 2013. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
    115. ^ "Segregated Student Housing and the Activists Who Defeated It : A Campus Divided". Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
    116. ^ "Morrill Hall Takeover, University of Minnesota | MNopedia". Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
    117. ^ "History | African American & African Studies | College of Liberal Arts". Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
    118. ^ "1970 Student Strike–50 Years Later". June 25, 2020. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
    119. ^ "Demands". Whose Diversity?. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
    120. ^ "2022 Graduate Student Economic Issues". Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
    121. ^ Brown, Ainsley. "UMN Grad Student Workers Launch Unionization Campaign". The Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
    122. ^ Brown, Ainsley. "UMN graduate students vote to unionize". The Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
    123. ^ "Championships Summary through June 26, 2019" (PDF). NCAA. June 26, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 20, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
    124. ^ Wilco, Daniel (January 9, 2023). "College football teams with the most national championships". National Collegiate Athletic Association. Archived from the original on May 12, 2023.
    125. ^ "School Songs". College of Liberal Arts | University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
    126. ^ https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-footbl-archive-minn-m-footbl-archive-html
    127. ^ https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-baskbl-archive-minn-m-baskbl-archive-html
    128. ^ https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-w-baskbl-archive-minn-w-baskbl-archive-html
    129. ^ https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-hockey-archive-minn-m-hockey-archive-html
    130. ^ https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-m-basebl-archive-minn-m-basebl-archive-html
    131. ^ https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-w-hockey-archive-minn-w-hockey-archive-html
    132. ^ "University of Minnesota Women's Rugby Club". University of Minnesota Women's Rugby Club. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
    133. ^ "Women's Gymnastics". University of Minnesota Athletics. Archived from the original on February 12, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
    134. ^ https://gophersports.com/sports/2018/5/21/sports-w-gym-archive-minn-w-gym-archive-html
    135. ^ "2021 Roy Griak Invitational". Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.

    External links

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to University of Minnesota.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Minnesota&oldid=1218047786"