University of São Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo | |
Other name | USP |
---|---|
Motto | Scientia Vinces |
Motto in English | "Through knowledge you will conquer" |
Type | Public university |
Established | 25 January 1934[a] |
Budget | R$ 7.5 billion[2] |
Rector | Carlos Gilberto Carlotti Junior |
Academic staff | 5,383[1] |
Administrative staff | 13,368[1] |
Students | 97,325[1][needs update] |
Undergraduates | 59,097[1] |
Postgraduates | 29,295[1] |
Location | 23°33′35″S 46°43′45″W / 23.55972°S 46.72917°W |
Campus | Bauru, Lorena, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto, Santos, São Carlos, São Paulo, São Sebastião |
Colors | Primary blue, secondary blue and yellow |
Website | usp.br |
The University of São Paulo (
The university was founded in 1934, regrouping already existing schools in the state of São Paulo, such as the Law School, the Polytechnic School, and the College of Agriculture. The university's foundation in that year was marked by the creation of the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, and subsequently new departments. Currently, it has eleven campuses, four of them in the city of São Paulo.[5] The remaining campuses are in the cities of Bauru, Lorena, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto and two in São Carlos.
Several students from the University of São Paulo have achieved important positions in Brazilian society. It was the alma mater of thirteen Brazilian presidents, such as Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Michel Temer. In terms of research, the USP is among Brazil's largest research institutions, producing more than 25% of the scientific papers published by Brazilian researchers in high-quality conferences and journals.[6]
History
After its defeat in the Constitutionalist Revolution, São Paulo needed institutional improvements. Therefore, in 1933 a group of businessmen founded the Free School of Sociology and Politics (ELSP) (the current Foundation of the School of Sociology and Politics in São Paulo). In 1934, the intervenor of São Paulo (which corresponded to the governor), Armando de Sales Oliveira, founded the University of São Paulo (USP).[7]
That was one of the efforts carried out to provide Brazil with modern administrative, educational, and military institutions in a period known as "search for alternatives". One of the main initiatives included the founding, that same year, of the University of São Paulo. Its nucleus was the School of Philosophy, Sciences, and Languages, with professors coming from France, Italy, Spain, Germany and other European countries. The ELSP assumed the goal of administrative elites to form a new model in which they noted an increasing role of the state, while the USP focused on training teachers for secondary schools, experts in sciences, engineers, lawyers, physicians and professors. The ELSP followed a sociological American model, while the USP used the French academic world as its main source of inspiration.
Foreign professors such as Claude Lévi-Strauss (France), Fernand Braudel (France), Roger Bastide (France), Robert H. Aubreton (France), Heinrich Rheinboldt (Germany), Paul Arbousse Bastide (France), Jean Magüé (France), Martial Gueroult (France), Emilio Willems (Germany), Donald Pierson (US), Gleb Vassielievich Wataghin (Russia), Pierre Monbeig (France), Giacomo Albanese (Italy), Luigi Fantappiè (Italy), Vilém Flusser (Czech Republic), Giuseppe Ungaretti (Italy) and Herbert Baldus (Germany), broadcast in various institutions new standards for teaching and research, creating new generations of scientists in Brazil.
Since its foundation the USP received professors and researchers from all over the world, such as David Bohm (US), Giuseppe Occhialini (Italy), François Châtelet (France), Anatol Rosenfeld (Germany), Helmi Nasr (Egypt), Gérard Lebrun (France), Fritz Köberle (Austria), Alexander Grothendieck (France), and Heinz Dieter Heidemann (Germany).
Origins
The University of São Paulo is the result of a combination of the newly founded School of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages (Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, FFCL, currently the
The FFCL emerged as the integrating element of the university, bringing together courses in various areas of knowledge. Also in 1934 the School of Physical Education (sports science) of the State of São Paulo was created, the first civil school of physical education in Brazil, which would later be part of the university. In 1944 the Medical School opened its public hospital (Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo). In the same year, the School of Engineering of Sao Carlos (EESC) emerged. In subsequent years several other research units were also created, such as a second Medical School, located in the city of Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo's inland) in 1952.[9]
In the 1960s, the university gradually transferred the headquarters of some of its units to the City University Armando de Salles Oliveira, in São Paulo. In 1963, the
Military dictatorship
During the 1970s and part of the 1980s, some critics believe that the USP underwent an intellectual dissection, both in terms of knowledge production and the quality of human resources. During the past decades, the university played an essential role in the discussion and dissemination of important political ideas that contributed to the democratization of the country, bringing together many leftist intellectuals (such as Florestan Fernandes, Boris Fausto, Paul Singer, Antonio Candido, Gioconda Mussolini among others).
During the
The gap caused by the removal of teachers and students chased by the
Expansion
Parallel to the resulting intellectual emptiness of political repression in the 1960s-80s, a process of fragmentation of the academic units occurred, new faculties were created and new institutes, which resulted in new courses, new lines of research and
In 2004, the university founded the Institute of International Relations, with the aim of studying global matters in a multidisciplinary environment (law, political science, economy, and history) with Brazilian and international students and professors (International Exchange Program).
Academics
University rankings | |
---|---|
Global – Overall | |
ARWU World[17] | 101-150 (2022) |
CWUR World[18] | 109 (2023) |
CWTS World[19] | 12 (2023) |
QS World[20] | =85 (2024) |
THE World[21] | 201–250 (2023) |
USNWR Global[22] | =120 (2022-23) |
Today the USP has five hospitals and offers 247 undergraduate programs and 239 graduate programs in all areas of study.[23] The university houses altogether 24 museums and galleries – with half a million visitors a year – two theaters, a cinema, a TV channel and an orchestra.[23] The University of São Paulo welcomes people from all continents and stimulates this process via networks and consortiums (International Office – USP), such as Erasmus Mundus, Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa, and Rede Magalhães (SMILE – Student Mobility in Latin America, Caribbean and Europe), among others.[24]
Rankings
According to
Healthcare
The USP operates four hospitals, among them
- University of São Paulo Medical School Public Hospital
- Heart Institute of the University of São Paulo
- Public Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School
- Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais – Centrinho
Library system
The USP has 42 libraries managed by the Integrated Library System (SIB – Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas in Portuguese), which is also responsible for the university's online system, DEDALUS.
Dedalus is an online database that allows simultaneous consultation in all libraries in the university. Dedalus is also integrated to a system named Integrated Research which integrates all online databases signed by the university. That makes academic researches faster and it provides researchers easy access to international publications.
Museums and art galleries
The University of São Paulo manages a rich set of museums and art galleries, most of them located on the central campus, in the city of São Paulo:
- Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo(Museum of Contemporary Art)
- Museu Paulista(Historical Museum of São Paulo)
- Museu de Zoologia (Museum of Zoology)
- MAE-USP – Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (Museum of Archeology and Ethnology)
- Museu do Café Francisco Schmidt (Ribeirão Preto Campus)
Academic career
- Teaching Assistant (Auxiliar de Ensino) – MS-2 (must have a master's degree and be enrolled in a doctoral program). Undergraduate students can also be a teaching assistant for a semester, with scholarships from each department.
- Professor Doctor (Professor Doutor) – MS-3 (must have a doctoral or equivalent degree).
- Associate Professor (Professor Associado) – MS-5 (must have a Livre Docente title; equivalent to the German Habilitation).
- Full Professor (Professor Titular) – MS-6 (top rank, only MS-6 professors are allowed to hold positions such as the Dean of a Faculty/School or the Rector of the university).
Admissions
Brazilian students take the USP's entrance exam, the
More recently, students are now also able to acess the university by taking the nation-wide highschool evaluation test, ENEM, through the Unified Selection System (SISU). Each undergraduate course mananges the vacancies available for each admission process.
International students may come through several exchange programs. In 2012, the USP hosted over 2,300 exchange students. Roughly a third of the international students are enrolled in humanities and social sciences, with another third enrolled in engineering courses.[34]
The USP does not require its students, national or foreigners, to pay any tuition, as its source of funding comes from the state of São Paulo.
Organization
The USP corresponds to the idea of "university" as a set of autonomous schools, institutes and colleges, each of which is responsible for one area of knowledge (the aforementioned thirty-six teaching, research and extension). And like most Brazilian universities, grants autonomy to its teaching, research and extension units regarding the didactic organization and curricular definition of each of the courses, which often results in a considered excessive fragmentation of teaching and the research and the disconnection between the knowledge produced in each of the units.
Each unit is divided into departments. A department usually is responsible for one of the courses offered by the unit or for a specific search line. In the case of units with only one or two courses, departments are not responsible for the entire course, but for a part of it. Due to the aforementioned fragmentation and decentralization of the university, it is common to see departments with similar profiles in different units, which raises criticism as to the effectiveness of public investments and duplication of efforts.
Administration
The administrative structure of the USP has in the
In recent years there has been discussion about the creation of a Pro-Rectorate for Student Assistance, a subject that according to critics has always been considered secondary to the university's leaders.
In popular culture
- The USP is referenced in Bernardo Kucinski's 2011 novel, K, a fictionalized account of the disappearance of an assistant lecturer in 1974, and her father's desperate attempt to find her.
See also
- List of state universities in Brazil
- List of University of São Paulo alumni
- List of University of São Paulo faculty
- Rankings of universities in Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp)
- Universities and Higher Education in Brazil
Notes
- ^ Since 11 August 1827 as a Law Academy.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f "USP em Números 2020". Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ^ "Orçamento da USP para 2022 é aprovado pelo Conselho Universitário". 14 December 2021.
- ^ Baty, Phil. "The goals will come". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ "Ranking Universitário Folha – Rankings – Ranking de Universidades". ruf.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ "COCESP". Usp.br. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
- ^ "Instituições públicas concentram as pesquisas científicas". ANPEI. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ "Conheça a história da criação da USP". redeglobo.globo.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 24 June 2017.
- ^ "Research in Humanities – University of São Paulo". Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences.
- ^ a b c "História | USP – Universidade de São Paulo". 5.usp.br. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ "Legado da ditadura na USP é tema de audiência na Comissão da Verdade". Al.sp.gov.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "ECA relembra seu passado como voz de resistência à ditadura". 5.usp.br. 9 December 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Comissão da Verdade homenageia Ana Rosa Kucinski em audiência pública". 5.usp.br. 11 November 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Estudo resgata história dos livros censurados pela ditadura no Brasil". 5.usp.br. 3 July 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "A Filosofia Da USP SOB A Ditadura Militar" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ^ http://www.iri.usp.br/documentos/Factsheet_IRI-USP_oct_2016.pdf International Exchange Program. On 27 December 2017
- ^ "Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2022". Shanghai Jiaotong University. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "CWUR World University Rankings - 2023". CWUR. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "CWTS Leiden Ranking – 2020". Leiden University. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings - 2024". Top Universities. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "World University Rankings 2023". Times Higher Education. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "USNWR World Rankings - 2022-23". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ a b "International Office". Usp.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "International Office". Usp.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "(Text in Portuguese)". 23 February 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- ^ "World Reputation Rankings 2013". Times Higher Education. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2010". Shanghai Jiaotong University. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ "CWTS Leiden Ranking 2020 – Ranking 2020". Leidenranking.com. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings – 2024". Top Universities. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ "QS Latin American University Rankings – 2024". Top Universities. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ "World University Rankings 2021". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ISSN 1679-9836.
- ^ América Economia, ed. (2009). "Rankings de Clínicas y Hospitales de América Latina 2009". Retrieved 11 August 2014.
- ^ "G1 – Ciências humanas é preferência entre intercambistas estrangeiros da USP – notícias em Educação". Educação. August 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
External links
- Official website (in English)
- International Cooperation Office – USP (in English)
- Universidade de São Paulo – Universidades e Carreiras Online (Portuguese)
- List of undergraduate courses offered by USP (English)
- List of USP's Schools, Colleges and Institutes (English)
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (English)
- Dept. of Computer Science (English)