Upper Peninsula of Michigan
Upper Peninsula of Michigan | |
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CDT) | |
Area code | 906[a] |
The Upper Peninsula of Michigan—also known as Upper Michigan or colloquially the U.P.—is the northern and more elevated of the two major landmasses that make up the U.S. state of Michigan; it is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac. It is bounded primarily by Lake Superior to the north, separated from the Canadian province of Ontario at the east end by the St. Marys River, and flanked by Lake Huron and Lake Michigan along much of its south. Although the peninsula extends as a geographic feature into the state of Wisconsin, the state boundary follows the Montreal and Menominee rivers and a line connecting them.
First inhabited by
The Upper Peninsula contains 29% of the land area of Michigan but only 3% of its total population; at the height of the mining and timber era in the early 20th century it had as much as 11% of the state's population. Residents are nicknamed
History
The first known inhabitants of the Upper Peninsula were tribes speaking Algonquian languages, specifically the Algonquian branches of Ojibway and Menominee. They arrived roughly around 800 C.E. and subsisted chiefly from fishing. Early tribes included the Menominee, Odawa, Ojibwa, Nocquet, and Potawatomi. Étienne Brûlé of France was probably the first European to visit the peninsula, crossing the St. Marys River around 1620 in search of a route to the Far East.[4] French colonists laid claim to the land in the 17th century, establishing missions and fur trading posts such as Sault Ste. Marie and St. Ignace. Following the end of the French and Indian War (part of the Seven Years' War) in 1763, the territory was ceded to Great Britain. Sault Ste. Marie is the oldest European settlement in Michigan and the site of Native American settlements for centuries.
American Indian tribes formerly allied with the French were dissatisfied with the British occupation, which brought new territorial policies. Whereas the French cultivated alliances among the Indians, the British postwar approach was to treat the tribes as conquered peoples. In 1763, tribes united in Pontiac's Rebellion to try to drive the British from the area. American Indians captured Fort Michilimackinac, at present-day Mackinaw City, then the principal fort of the British in the Michilimackinac region, as well as others and killed hundreds of British. In 1764, they began negotiations with the British, resulting in temporary peace and changes in objectionable British policies.
Although the Upper Peninsula nominally became United States territory with the 1783 Treaty of Paris, the British did not give up control until 1797 under terms of the Jay Treaty. As an American territory, the Upper Peninsula was still dominated by the fur trade. John Jacob Astor founded the American Fur Company on Mackinac Island in 1808; however, the industry began to decline in the 1830s as beaver and other game were overhunted.[5]
When the Michigan Territory was first established in 1805, it included only the Lower Peninsula and the eastern portion of the Upper Peninsula. In 1819, the territory was expanded to include the remainder of the Upper Peninsula, all of what later became Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota (previously included in the Indiana and Illinois Territories). When Michigan applied for statehood in the 1830s, the proposal corresponded to the original territorial boundaries. However, there was an armed conflict known as the Toledo War with the state of Ohio over the location of their mutual border. Meanwhile, the people of Michigan approved a constitution in May 1835 and elected state officials in late autumn 1835. Although the state government was not yet recognized by the United States Congress, the territorial government effectively ceased to exist. President Andrew Jackson's government offered the remainder of the Upper Peninsula to Michigan if it would cede the Toledo Strip to Ohio. A constitutional convention of the state legislature refused, but a second convention, hastily convened by Governor Stevens Thomson Mason, consisting primarily of his supporters, agreed in December 1836 to the deal. In January 1837, the U.S. Congress admitted Michigan as a state of the Union.
At the time, Michigan was considered the losing party in the compromise. The land in the Upper Peninsula was described in a federal report as a "sterile region on the shores of Lake Superior destined by soil and climate to remain forever a wilderness."
Thousands of Americans and immigrants moved to the area during the mining boom, prompting the federal government to create
From 1861 to 1865, 90,000 Michigan men fought in the American Civil War, including 1,209 from the Upper Peninsula. Houghton County contributed 460 soldiers, while Marquette County sent 265.[7]
Geography
Including extensive parts of the Great Lakes, the Upper Peninsula contains about 36,139 square miles (93,600 km2) of total area. Of that, about 16,378 square miles (42,420 km2) is its land area,[1] about 29% of the state.[citation needed] It is bounded on the north by Lake Superior, on the east by St. Marys River, on the south by Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and on the west by Wisconsin and (counting the water border on Lake Superior) by Minnesota. It has about 1,700 miles (2,700 km) of continuous shoreline with the Great Lakes. There are about 4,300 inland lakes, the largest of which is Lake Gogebic, and 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of streams.[8] Its lowest elevation is along the shoreline of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, averaging 577 feet (176 m) above sea level.[9] Its highest elevation is Mount Arvon, at 1,979 feet (603 m).[10]
Michigan's Upper Peninsula is bounded on land by Wisconsin to the southwest and west; and in territorial waters by Minnesota to the west, Ontario to the west, north and east, and the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin extends into Lake Michigan east of the western Upper Peninsula.
Five Michigan Upper Peninsula counties include nearby major islands:
The Keweenaw Peninsula is the northernmost part of the peninsula (not counting Isle Royale, which is politically part of the UP). It projects into Lake Superior and was the site of the first copper boom in the United States, part of a larger region of the peninsula called the Copper Country.[13] Copper Island is its northernmost section. About one-third of the peninsula is government-owned recreational forest land today, including the Ottawa National Forest and Hiawatha National Forest. Although heavily logged in the 19th century, the majority of the land was forested with mature trees by the 1970s.[4]
There was a boundary dispute over the border with Wisconsin. The northwesternmost portion of the border follows a line from Lac Vieux Desert to the headwaters of the Montreal River. An 1847 survey established the east branch of the Montreal River as the border. However, the 1908 revision of the Constitution of Michigan specified that the west branch of the Montreal River was the proper border, which would have placed an additional 360 square miles of land on the Michigan side of the border.[14] A 1926 Supreme Court decision awarded this tract of land to Wisconsin.[15]
Wildlife
The Upper Peninsula contains a large variety of wildlife. Some of the mammals found in the UP include
After being nearly
There is significant discussion and studies over the presence of
There also many invasive species that are primarily brought in the ballast water of foreign ships, usually from the ocean bordering northeastern Asia. This water is dumped directly into the Great Lakes, depositing a variety of fresh and salt water fish and invertebrates, most notably the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. There are also many plant species that have been transported to the Great Lakes, including purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria[28] and Phragmites australis, both of which are considered to be a threat to native hydrophyte wetland plants.[29][30] The emerald ash borer was first reported in the UP at Brimley State Park[31] and is considered to be a serious ecological threat to the habitat and economy.
Climate
The Upper Peninsula has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification system). The Great Lakes have a great effect on the larger part of the peninsula. Winters tend to be long, cold, and snowy for most of the peninsula, and because of its northern latitude, the daylight hours are short—around 8 hours between sunrise and sunset in the winter. Lake Superior has the greatest effect on the area, especially the northern and western parts. Lake-effect snow causes many areas to get in excess of 100–250 inches (2.5–6.4 m) of snow per year—especially in the Keweenaw Peninsula and Gogebic County, and to a lesser extent Baraga, Marquette and Alger counties, making the western UP a prominent part of the midwestern snowbelt.
Records of 390 inches (9.9 m) of snow or more have been set in many communities in this area.[32] The Keweenaw Peninsula averages more snowfall than any other location east of the Mississippi River.[33] Because of the howling storms across Lake Superior, which cause dramatic amounts of precipitation, it has been said that the lake-effect snow makes the Keweenaw Peninsula the snowiest place east of the Rockies. Herman averages 236 inches (5.99 m) of snow every year.[34] Lake-effect snow can cause blinding whiteouts in just minutes, and some storms can last for days. Hancock is found frequently on lists of the snowiest cities in America.[35]
The banana belt along the Wisconsin border has a more continental climate since most of its weather does not arrive from the lakes. Summers tend to be warmer and winter nights much colder. Coastal communities have temperatures tempered by the Great Lakes. In summer, it might be 10 °F (5.6 °C) cooler at lakeside than it is inland, and the opposite effect is seen in winter. The area of the Upper Peninsula north of Green Bay through Menominee and Escanaba (and extending west to Iron River) does not have the extreme weather and precipitation found to the north.[4] The coldest temperature officially recorded in the Upper Peninsula was −48 °F (−44 °C) in Humboldt in January 1915.[36]
Time zones
Like the entire Lower Peninsula, most of the Upper Peninsula is within the Eastern Time Zone. However, the four counties bordering Wisconsin are in the Central Time Zone. In 1967, when the Uniform Time Act came into effect, the Upper Peninsula went under year-round Central Standard Time, with no daylight saving time.[37] In 1973, the majority of the peninsula switched to Eastern Standard Time;[38] only the four western border counties of Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, and Menominee continue to observe Central Standard Time. Daylight saving time is observed peninsula-wide.
Demographics
The Upper Peninsula remains a predominantly rural region. As of the 2020 census the region had a population of 301,608, just more than 3% of Michigan's total population and a decline of 3.2% from 2010.[2]
According to the
|
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Federal censuses indicate that the population of the Upper Peninsula grew throughout the 19th century as European settlers moved into the region, then boomed around the turn of the century, and experienced gradual decline overall during most of the 20th century.[41][42] The decline was uneven, however: the population in the largest cities – Marquette, Sault Ste Marie, and Escanaba – grew somewhat, while smaller cities and non-urban areas have generally declined in population. The six westernmost counties experienced the largest decrease, from a 1920 population of 153,674 to a 2020 population of 79,392. Many ghost towns exist in the region.[43]
A "" indicates an increase in population from the previous census, and a "" indicates a decrease in population from the previous census.
County | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alger
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | 1,238 | 5,868 | 7,675 | 9,983 | 9,327 | 10,167 | 10,007 | 9,250 | 8,568 | 9,225 | 8,972 | 9,862 | 9,601 | 8,842 |
Baraga
|
— | — | — | — | — | 1,804 | 3,036 | 4,320 | 6,125 | 7,662 | 9,168 | 9,356 | 8,037 | 7,151 | 7,789 | 8,484 | 7,954 | 8,735 | 8,860 | 8,158 |
Chippewa | 626 | 534 | 898 | 1,603 | 1,689 | 5,248 | 12,018 | 21,338 | 24,472 | 24,818 | 25,047 | 27,807 | 29,206 | 32,655 | 32,412 | 29,029 | 34,604 | 38,543 | 38,520 | 36,785 |
Delta | — | — | — | 1,172 | 2,542 | 6,812 | 15,330 | 23,881 | 30,108 | 30,909 | 32,280 | 34,037 | 32,913 | 34,298 | 35,924 | 38,947 | 37,780 | 38,520 | 37,069 | 36,903 |
Dickinson | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17,890 | 20,524 | 19,456 | 29,941 | 28,731 | 24,844 | 23,917 | 23,753 | 25,341 | 26,831 | 27,427 | 26,168 | 25,947 |
Gogebic
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | 13,166 | 16,738 | 23,333 | 33,225 | 31,577 | 31,797 | 27,053 | 24,370 | 20,676 | 19,686 | 18,052 | 17,370 | 16,427 | 14,380 |
Houghton
|
— | — | 708 | 9,234 | 13,879 | 22,473 | 35,389 | 66,063 | 88,098 | 71,930 | 52,851 | 47,631 | 39,771 | 34,654 | 34,652 | 37,872 | 35,446 | 36,016 | 36,628 | 37,361 |
Iron | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4,432 | 8,990 | 15,164 | 22,107 | 20,805 | 20,243 | 17,692 | 17,184 | 13,813 | 13,635 | 13,175 | 13,138 | 11,817 | 11,631 |
Keweenaw
|
— | — | — | — | 4,205 | 4,270 | 2,894 | 3,217 | 7,156 | 6,322 | 5,076 | 4,004 | 2,918 | 2,417 | 2,264 | 1,963 | 1,701 | 2,301 | 2,156 | 2,046 |
Luce
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | 2,455 | 2,983 | 4,004 | 6,149 | 6,528 | 7,423 | 8,147 | 7,827 | 6,789 | 6,659 | 5,763 | 7,024 | 6,631 | 5,339 |
Mackinac
|
877 | 923 | 3,598 | 1,938 | 1,716 | 2,902 | 7,830 | 7,703 | 9,249 | 8,026 | 8,783 | 9,438 | 9,287 | 10,853 | 9,660 | 10,178 | 10,674 | 11,943 | 11,113 | 10,834 |
Marquette | — | — | 136 | 2,821 | 15,033 | 25,394 | 39,521 | 41,239 | 46,739 | 45,786 | 44,076 | 47,144 | 47,654 | 56,154 | 64,686 | 74,101 | 70,887 | 64,634 | 67,077 | 66,017 |
Menominee | — | — | — | — | 1,791 | 11,987 | 33,639 | 27,046 | 25,648 | 23,778 | 23,652 | 24,883 | 25,299 | 24,685 | 24,587 | 26,201 | 24,920 | 25,109 | 24,029 | 23,502 |
Ontonagon
|
— | — | 389 | 4,568 | 2,845 | 2,565 | 3,756 | 6,197 | 8,650 | 12,428 | 11,114 | 11,359 | 10,282 | 10,584 | 10,548 | 9,861 | 8,854 | 7,818 | 6,780 | 5,816 |
Schoolcraft
|
— | — | 16 | 78 | — | 1,575 | 5,818 | 7,889 | 8,681 | 9,977 | 8,451 | 9,524 | 9,148 | 8,953 | 8,226 | 8,575 | 8,302 | 8,903 | 8,485 | 8,047 |
Total | 1,503 | 1,457 | 5,745 | 21,414 | 43,700 | 85,030 | 180,522 | 261,362 | 325,626 | 332,556 | 318,676 | 323,544 | 302,258 | 304,952 | 304,347 | 319,757 | 313,915 | 317,213 | 311,361 | 301,608 |
Education
The Upper Peninsula of Michigan has three state universities (Lake Superior State University in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan Technological University in Houghton, and Northern Michigan University in Marquette) and five community colleges (Bay Mills Community College in Brimley, Bay de Noc Community College in Escanaba and Iron Mountain, Gogebic Community College in Ironwood, and Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College in Baraga).
Culture
Early settlers included multiple waves of people from Nordic countries, and people of Finnish ancestry make up 16% of the peninsula's population. The Finnish sauna and the concept of sisu have been adopted widely by residents of the Upper Peninsula. The television program Finland Calling was for a long period the only Finnish-language television broadcast in the United States; it aired on Marquette station WLUC-TV from March 25, 1962, until March 29, 2015.[44] Finlandia University, America's only college with Finnish roots, was located in Hancock, but has shut down as of spring 2023.[45] Street signs in Hancock appear in English and Finnish to celebrate this heritage.
Other sizable ethnic communities in the Upper Peninsula include
Upper Peninsula natives
The Keweenaw Peninsula is home to several ski areas. Mont Ripley, just outside Houghton, is popular among students of Michigan Technological University (the university actually owns the mountain). Further up the peninsula in the small town of Lac La Belle is Mt. Bohemia. A skiing purist's resort, Bohemia is a self-proclaimed "experts only" mountain, and it does not groom its heavily gladed slopes.[46] Other ski areas are Pine Mountain located in Iron Mountain, Norway Mountain in the town of the same name, and the Porcupine Mountains Ski Area located in Ontonagon.
Houghton is where professional ice hockey was first started in 1904.[47][48]
Regional identity
As of 2018, the western Upper Peninsula is home to about 173,887 people, while the eastern Upper Peninsula is home to about 133,499 people, a total of 307,386—only about 3% of the state's population—living in almost one-third of the state's land area.[49][50] Residents are known as Yoopers (from "UP-ers"), and many consider themselves Yoopers before they consider themselves Michiganders.[51] (People living in the Lower Peninsula are commonly called "trolls" by Upper Peninsula residents, as they live "Under the Bridge".) This regionalism is not only a result of the physical separation of the two peninsulas, but also the history of the state.
Residents of the western Upper Peninsula take on some of the cultural identities of both Wisconsin and Michigan. In terms of sports fandom, residents may support Detroit professional teams or those of Wisconsin—particularly the Green Bay Packers. This is a result of both proximity and the broadcast and print media of the area. The four counties that border Wisconsin are also in the Central Time Zone, unlike the rest of Michigan, which is on Eastern time. In some cases, commercial cartographers draw incorrect maps that inadvertently annex the Upper Peninsula into Wisconsin.[52]
Cuisine
The Upper Peninsula has a distinctive local cuisine. The pasty (pronounced "pass-tee"), a kind of meat turnover originally brought to the region by Cornish miners, is popular among locals and tourists alike. Pasty varieties include chicken, venison, pork, hamburger, and pizza, all of which many restaurants serve.[51] Many restaurants serve potato sausage and cudighi, a spicy Italian meat.
Finnish immigrants contributed
Economy
Industries
The Upper Peninsula is rich in mineral deposits, including iron, copper, nickel, and silver. Small amounts of gold have also been discovered and mined. In the 19th century, mining dominated the economy, and the UP became home to many isolated
From approximately 1870 to 1915, about 32 quarries mined
Since logging of
Tourism has become the main industry in recent decades. In 2005, ShermanTravel, LLC listed the Upper Peninsula as #10 in its assessment of all travel destinations worldwide.[61][62] The peninsula has extensive coastline on the Great Lakes, large tracts of state and national forests, cedar swamps, more than 150 waterfalls, and low population densities. Because of the skiing, camping, boating, fishing, snowmobiling, hunting, and hiking opportunities, many Lower Peninsula and Wisconsin families spend their vacations in the UP, and tourists visit from Detroit, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Milwaukee, and other metropolitan areas. The opening of the Mackinac Bridge in 1957 (see below) has made the Upper Peninsula easily accessible to tourists from the Lower Peninsula and southeast of Michigan, and has helped make the UP a year-round tourist destination.
During the Cold War, the U.P. was home to two U.S. Air Force bases, Kincheloe south of Sault Ste. Marie, and K.I. Sawyer, south of Marquette. Both were bases of the Strategic Air Command (SAC), with B-52H bombers; Kincheloe closed in 1977, and Sawyer in 1995.
In 2004,
Government
There are 15 counties in the Upper Peninsula.
State prisons are located in Baraga, Marquette, Munising, Newberry, and Kincheloe.
Politics
Year | REP | DEM | Others |
---|---|---|---|
2020[68] | 57.34% 95,351 | 41.04% 68,249 | 1.62% 2,695 |
2016[69] | 56.40% 82,018 | 37.77% 54,923 | 5.83% 8,476 |
2012[70] | 50.80% 73,529 | 47.49% 68,747 | 1.71% 2,477 |
2008[71] | 46.12% 69,647 | 51.82% 78,257 | 2.06% 3,108 |
2004[72] | 51.52% 78,276 | 47.31% 71,888 | 1.17% 1,781 |
2000[73] | 50.61% 70,256 | 45.95% 63,791 | 3.43% 4,768 |
1996[74] | 36.75% 48,134 | 51.05% 66,856 | 12.20% 15,974 |
1992[75] | 33.37% 47,447 | 46.46% 66,060 | 20.18% 28,695 |
1988[76] | 47.86% 63,151 | 51.65% 68,152 | 0.49% 645 |
1984[77] | 54.07% 75,591 | 45.56% 63,695 | 0.37% 516 |
1980[78] | 47.78% 71,025 | 44.12% 65,579 | 8.10% 12,046 |
1976[79] | 48.04% 67,596 | 50.70% 71,338 | 1.25% 1,762 |
1972[80] | 54.08% 72,967 | 44.23% 59,670 | 1.69% 2,279 |
1968[81] | 44.75% 55,070 | 50.26% 61,858 | 4.99% 6,141 |
1964[82] | 32.40% 41,267 | 67.46% 85,923 | 0.14% 183 |
1960[83] | 48.05% 64,764 | 51.76% 69,765 | 0.19% 252 |
1956[84] | 58.72% 77,576 | 41.12% 54,326 | 0.17% 219 |
1952[85] | 55.09% 74,639 | 44.45% 60,230 | 0.46% 625 |
1948[86] | 47.28% 58,346 | 48.46% 59,801 | 4.27% 5,265 |
1944[87] | 45.63% 58,704 | 53.88% 69,310 | 0.49% 630 |
1940[88] | 46.14% 69.164 | 53.26% 79.835 | 0.67% 1,003 |
1936[89] | 39.21% 54,153 | 58.78% 81,176 | 2.02% 2,784 |
1932[90] | 48.73% 61,473 | 47.57% 60,012 | 3.71% 4,677 |
1928[91] | 61.53% 65,913 | 37.04% 39.677 | 1.44% 1,542 |
1924[92] | 68.51% 61,396 | 8.10% 7,261 | 23.39% 20,964 |
1920[93] | 74.50% 61,475 | 19.24% 15,876 | 6.27% 5,171 |
1916[94] | 59.51% 34,269 | 35.31% 20,333 | 5.17% 2,979 |
1912[95][96] | 31.41% 15,825 | 19.46% 9,803 | 49.14% 24,757 |
1908[97] | 72.69% 37,194 | 21.12% 10,805 | 6.20% 3,170 |
1904[98] | 79.83% 37,400 | 14.87% 6,965 | 5.31% 2,486 |
1900[99] | 73.00% 34,180 | 24.31% 11,382 | 2.69% 1,258 |
1896[100] | 68.39% 29,591 | 28.65% 12,397 | 2.95% 1,278 |
During most of the "
County | Registered voters | Votes cast | Romney/Ryan | Obama/Biden | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alger
|
4,671 | 4,618 | 2,330 | 2,212 | REP |
Baraga
|
3,540 | 3,490 | 1,866 | 1,574 | REP |
Chippewa | 15,790 | 15,564 | 8,278 | 7,100 | REP |
Delta | 18,968 | 18,050 | 9,534 | 8,330 | REP |
Dickinson | 12,950 | 12,810 | 7,688 | 4,952 | REP |
Gogebic
|
7,689 | 7,576 | 3,444 | 4,058 | DEM |
Houghton
|
15,477 | 15,282 | 8,196 | 6,801 | REP |
Iron | 6,065 | 5,988 | 3,224 | 2,687 | REP |
Keweenaw
|
1,411 | 1,392 | 774 | 582 | REP |
Luce
|
3,401 | 2,596 | 1,580 | 991 | REP |
Mackinac
|
6,170 | 6,099 | 3,397 | 2,652 | REP |
Marquette | 32,551 | 32,194 | 13,606 | 18,115 | DEM |
Menominee | 11,043 | 10,923 | 5,564 | 5,242 | REP |
Ontonagon
|
3,599 | 3,539 | 1,906 | 1,586 | REP |
Schoolcraft
|
4,104 | 4,048 | 2,142 | 1,865 | REP |
Total | 147,429 | 144,168 | 73,529 | 70,639 | REP |
All counties in the UP are part of Michigan's 1st congressional district. Jack Bergman, a Republican, has been the U.S. representative for this district since January 2017.
In Michigan's 2010
Proposed statehood
Due to the geographic separation and perceived cultural and political differences from the Lower Peninsula, at various times there have been proposals for the Upper Peninsula to
Notable attractions
- Adventure Mine
- Agate Falls
- Au Sable Light Station
- Black River National Forest Scenic Byway
- Bond Falls
- Brockway Mountain Drive
- Calumet Theatre
- Calumet Downtown Historic District
- Castle Rock
- Copper Harbor
- Ironwood Township
- DeYoung Family Zoo
- Fayette Historic State Park
- Fort Mackinac
- Fort Wilkins Historic State Park
- Garlyn Zoo
- Grand Hotel (Mackinac Island)
- Grand Island National Recreation Area
- Grand Sable Dunes
- The Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum
- Vulcan
- Isle Royale National Park
- Keweenaw National Historical Park
- Keweenaw Waterway and Portage Lake Lift Bridge
- Kitch-iti-kipi
- Lake Superior
- Lake Superior State University, Lakers
- Laughing Whitefish Falls
- Mackinac Bridge
- Mackinac Island
- The Marquette Lighthouse
- Marquette Mountain Ski Resort
- Michigan Iron Industry Museum – Negaunee
- Michigan Technological University
- Mount Bohemia ski center (with the highest vertical drop, 900 feet (270 m), in the Midwest)
- Munising Falls
- National Ski Hall of Fame
- Northern Michigan University
- Marquette Ore Dock
- Paulding Light
- Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore
- Pine Mountain ski jump in Iron Mountain is one of the largest artificial ski jumps in the world.[107]
- Point Iroquois Lighthouse
- Porcupine Mountains State Park
- Presque Isle Park, Marquette, Michigan
- Quincy Copper Mine offering guided tours
- Seney National Wildlife Refuge
- Ski Brule in Iron River
- The Soo Locks
- Suicide Hill Ski Jump, Ishpeming, Michigan[108]
- Sylvania Wilderness
- Tahquamenon Falls State Park
- Upper Peninsula Children's Museum – Marquette
Casinos
- Bay Mills Resort & Casino – Brimley
- Island Resort & Casino – Harris
- Kewadin Casinos –
- Kings Club Casino – Brimley (Closed permanently)[109]
- Lac Vieux Desert Casino – Watersmeet
- Ojibwa Casinos – Baraga; Marquette
Transportation
The Upper Peninsula is separated from the Lower by the Straits of Mackinac, five miles (8 km) across at the narrowest, and is connected to it by the Mackinac Bridge at St. Ignace, one of the longest suspension bridges in the world. Until the bridge was completed in 1957, travel between the two peninsulas was difficult and slow (and sometimes even impossible during winter). In 1881, the Mackinac Transportation Company was established by three railroads, the Michigan Central Railroad, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad, and the Detroit, Mackinac and Marquette Railroad, to operate a railroad car ferry across the Straits. Beginning in 1923, the State of Michigan operated automobile ferries between the two peninsulas. At the busiest times of year the wait was several hours long, much longer at holidays.[110] In winter, travel was possible over the ice only after the straits had solidly frozen.
Highways
There are one Interstate Highway, five US Highways and 24 other state highways in the Upper Peninsula. Interstate 75 is the only freeway in the region and runs from the Mackinac Bridge at St. Ignace to the International Bridge at Sault Ste. Marie. Two highways run the east–west length of the peninsula, US Highway 2 along the south and M-28 to the north. US 41 runs north–south through the central and western UP, connecting Menominee, Escanaba, Marquette and Houghton before terminating near the tip of the Keweenaw at Copper Harbor. M-185 encircles Mackinac Island as the only state highway in the country without motor vehicles.
The
Airports
There are 43 airports in the Upper Peninsula. Of these, six airports have commercial passenger service:
Ferries and bridges
The Eastern Upper Peninsula Transportation Authority operates car ferries in its area. These include ferries for
The three major bridges in the Upper Peninsula are:
- Mackinac Bridge, connecting the Lower Peninsula of Michigan with the Upper;
- Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge, which connects the city of Sault Ste. Marie to its twin city of Sault Ste. Marie in Canada; and
- Portage Lake. The Portage Lift Bridge is the world's heaviest and widest double-decked vertical lift bridge. Its center span lifts to provide about 100 feet (30 m) of clearance for ships. Since rail traffic was discontinued in the Keweenaw, the lower deck is used to accommodate snowmobiletraffic in the winter. As the only land-based link between the north and south sections of the Keweenaw Peninsula, the bridge is crucial to transportation.
Railways
- Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.), south of Ishpeming and Negaunee, to Marquette's port on Lake Superior.
- Two railroads originally crossed the Upper Peninsula east to west: the Chicago and North Western Railway line running into the Upper Peninsula from Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Central was in turn purchased by the Canadian National Railwayin 2001. The Canadian National now operates much of the remaining railroad trackage in the Upper Peninsula.
- Escanaba and Lake Superior Railroad: Chartered in 1898, the E&LS is an industrial beltline railroad with 347 miles (558 km) of trackage connecting Escanaba, Ontonagon, Republic, and Green Bay, Wisconsin, with a common junction at Channing, and a spur to Nestoria from Sidnaw.
Bus systems
Despite its rural character, there are public buses in several counties of the Upper Peninsula.[116] These include MarqTran serving Marquette, as well as intercity services provided by Indian Trails.
Notable people
- Nick Baumgartner, Olympic gold medalist in mixed snowboard cross at the 2022 Winter Olympics, is from Iron River.
- Robert J. Flaherty, the filmmaker who directed and produced the documentary Nanook of the North, in 1922, from Iron Mountain.
- George Gipp, the "Gipper"—immortalized in the film Knute Rockne, All American—was born in Laurium.[117] He was the first All-American player of the Notre Dame football program.
- Crystal Hayes, 2005 Miss Michigan, from Rock.
- Tom Izzo, Michigan State basketball coach a native of Iron Mountain, attended Northern Michigan University.
- Clarence L. "Kelly" Johnson, aircraft engineer and aeronautical innovator, was born in Ishpeming.
- John Lautner, one of Frank Lloyd Wright's most successful Taliesin fellows, a native of Marquette and alumnus of NMU.
- Mitchell Leisen, film director, was born Menominee in 1898.
- Steve Mariucci, former San Francisco 49ers and Detroit Lions head coach; a native of Iron Mountain, attended Northern Michigan University.
- Terry O'Quinn, actor on Lost, was born in Sault Ste. Marie in 1952 and grew up in Newberry.
- Governorof Michigan from the Upper Peninsula (1911–1913).
- Pam Reed, ultrarunner, grew up in Palmer, and graduated from Michigan Technological University.
- Gene Ronzani was a professional football running back for the Chicago Bears and head coach of the Green Bay Packers from 1950 to 1953; born in Iron Mountain.
- Abby Roque, the first indigenous person to play for the United States women's national ice hockey team and an Olympic medalist, played high school hockey in Sault Ste. Marie.
- Rob Rubick, Detroit Lions tight end and current Fox Sports Detroit analyst, from Newberry.
- transuranium elements, was born in Ishpeming.[118]
- Howard Schultz, chairman of Starbucks Co., a Northern Michigan University alumnus.
- Skandia.
- Pioneer Surgical Technology, lives in Marquette.
- Mary Chase Perry Stratton, founder of Pewabic Pottery, was born in Hancock.[119]
- NWA World Heavyweight Championship longer than anyone in history, was born in Banat, on April 24, 1916.
- James Tolkan, an actor who appeared in Back to the Future and Top Gun, born in Calumet.
- Robert Traver. Directed by Otto Preminger, the film was shot in Big Bayand Ishpeming with some courtroom scenes in Marquette.
- Bill Ivey, the former head of the National Endowment for the Arts under the Clinton Administration was born in Calumet.
- Offensive tackle for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the 7th Round of the 2023 NFL draft with the 236th overall pick. [120]
See also
- List of counties in Michigan
- Heikki Lunta, mythological character
- Stormy Kromer cap
Notes
- ^ Bois Blanc Township, an island in the Straits of Mackinac in Mackinac County, is in area code 231.[citation needed]
- Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on January 4, 2011.[20]
References
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Further reading
- Binder, David (September 14, 1995). "Upper Peninsula Journal; Yes, They're Yoopers, and Proud of It". The New York Times.
- Burt, Williams A. & Hubbard, Bela (1846). Reports on the Mineral Region of Lake Superior. Buffalo: L. Danforth. ISBN 978-0-665-51009-0.
Bela Hubbard.
113 pages. - Harrison, Jim (November 30, 2013). "Imprint: My Upper Peninsula". The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- Lankton, Larry (2010). Hollowed Ground: Copper Mining and Community Building on Lake Superior, 1840s–1990s. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 376 pages.
- Magnaghi, Russell M. & Marsden, Michael T., eds. (1997). A Sense of Place: Michigan's Upper Peninsula: Essays in Honor of William and Margery Vandament. Northern Michigan University Press. ISBN 978-0-918616-20-3. 270 pages.
- Magnaghi, Russell M. (2017). Upper Peninsula of Michigan: A History. Marquette, Michigan: 906 Heritage. OCLC 993581790.
- Reddicliffe, Steve (July 27, 2017). "36 Hours in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan". The New York Times.
- Rydholm, C. Fred (1989). Superior Heartland: A Backwoods History. Vol. I–II. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Braun-Brumfield. ISBN 978-0-963-99482-0.