Urarina

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the language, see Urarina language.
ethnologists know them by the ethnonym
Urarina.

The local

Quechua--uray meaning below, and rina referring to runa, or people. Urarina is rendered in Quechua as uray-runa or people from below or down stream people.[5]

Society and culture

Urarina

missionaries
and contemporary adventure seekers.

The Urarina are a

Chambira Basin
's many rivers and streams. The embankments are bounded by low-lying territories (tahuampa and bajiales) that are susceptible to flooding during the annual rainy season (roughly November–May).

Urarina local politics are characterized by a mercurial balance of power between

animistic cosmological system.[9] It is based on ayahuasca shamanism, which is based in part on the profoundly ritualized consumption of Brugmansia
suaveolens.

The Urarina customarily practice

hammocks, and net-bags.[13][14]

Urarina woman weaving, 1988

Language

Documentation of the Urarina language,[15] which has been classified as a language isolate or unclassified language by Terrence Kaufman (1990)[16] is now under-way.[17] Linguistic work among the Urarina was first pioneered by SIL International.[18]

Mythology

The Urarina have a deluge-myth, in which a man saved himself from the deluge while climbing a cudí (amasiza, Erythrina elei) tree; the man's wife was transformed into a termites' nest clinging to that tree, while their two sons became birds.[19] Afterwards that man acquired a wife, a different woman, one who had at first summoned successively a pit viper, a spider, and a giant biting ant in an unsuccessful attempt to evade him.[20] In another Urarina deluge-myth, a deluge was produced, on the occasion of a cassava-beer festival, by the urination by the daughter of the ayahuasca-god, "giving rise to the chthonic world of spirits".[21]

The Urarina continue to tell elaborate

myths and stories about the violence that they experience from outsiders, which historically has included forced-labor conscription, rape, disease, concubinage, and abusive treatment at the hands of outsiders.[22][23] Portions of the Bible were first published in Urarina in 1973; however, the complete Bible is not published.[24]

Survival

Despite challenges to their ongoing cultural survival, including

postcolonial encounters in Amazonia, particularly during the Alberto Fujimori regime.[29]

Indigenous rights

Contemporary

intercultural education projects,[30][31] as well as Urarina political mobilization.[32][33]

See also

Notes

  1. ISBN 978-0-8130-3378-5 [1]
  2. ^ (in Spanish) Myers, Thomas P. and Bartholomew Dean “Cerámica prehispánica del río Chambira, Loreto.” Amazonía peruana, 1999 Lima, Published by the Centro Amazónico de Antropología y Aplicacíon Práctica. 13(26):255-288
  3. ^ (in Spanish) Spanish wiki entry for Shimaku
  4. ISBN 9780521588058
    .
  5. Chambira Basin
    have also been called various names, including: Itukales; Ytucalis, Singacuchuscas; Cingacuchuscas; Aracuies; Aracuyes; Chimacus; and Chambiras (Grohs 1974:53 fn. 4; Velasco 1960: 267; Jouanen 1943, II: 471-2; Figueroa 1904: 163, 177)
  6. ^ Castillo, 1958, 1961
  7. ^ Tassmann, 1930, partial Spanish translation 1987
  8. ^ Dr Knut Olawsky's photos Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, (in Spanish) Peruecologico's Urarina factsheet
  9. ^ Dean, Bartholomew. "The Poetics of Creation: Urarina Cosmology and Historical Consciousness." Latin American Indian Literatures Journal 1994 10:22-45
  10. ^ Dean, Bartholomew. "Forbidden fruit: Infidelity, affinity and brideservice among the Urarina of Peruvian Amazonia," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute March 1995, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p87, 24p
  11. ^ Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology, citing Dean 1995
  12. ^ Dean, Bartholomew. “Urarina Society, Cosmology, and History in Peruvian Amazonia,” Gainesville: University Press of Florida 2009, ISBN 978-0-8130-3378-5
  13. ^ Dean, Bartholomew. "Multiple Regimes of Value: Unequal Exchange and the Circulation of Urarina Palm-Fiber Wealth," Museum Anthropology February 1994, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 3-20 available online (paid subscription)
  14. ^ "Múltiples regímenes de valor: intercambio desigual y la circulación de bienes intercambiables de fibra de palmera entre los Urarina," Amazonía peruana, Special edition: "Identidad y cultura", Lima, Published by the Centro Amazónico de Antropología y Aplicacíon Práctica. 1995, p. 75-118
  15. ^ Urarina at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  16. Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Kaufman (1990)
    accessed 9 July 2006
  17. ^ Olawsky, Knut (La Trobe University). "Urarina – Evidence for OVS Constituent Order." Leiden Papers in Linguistics 2.2, 43-68. available online accessed 5 July 2006]
  18. ^ Manus, Ronald and Phyllis Manus. Text and Concordance of words in Urarina Datos Etno-Lingüísticos 65 series, SIL; 1979 available online accessed 5 July 2006.
  19. ^ Dean 1994, p. 26
  20. ^ Dean 1994, p. 27
  21. ^ Dean 1994, p. 31
  22. ISBN 1-55753-373-3 Chapter 21 reviewed online
    accessed 5 July 2006
  23. ^ (in Spanish) Dean, Bartholomew."Intercambios ambivalentes en la amazonía: formación discursiva y la violencia del patronazgo." Anthropológica. 1999, (17):85-115
  24. ^ Worldscriptures.org online Urarina data accessed 5 July 2006
  25. ^ Untitled
  26. ^ Bartholomew Dean et al., 2000 “The Amazonian Peoples’ Resources Initiative: Promoting Reproductive Rights and Community Development in the Peruvian Amazon.” Health and Human Rights: An International Journal Special Focus: Reproductive and Sexual Rights François-Xavier Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University’s School of Public Health, Vol. 4, No. 2,
  27. ^ "Health & Human Rights". www.hsph.harvard.edu. 4 (2). 2000. Archived from the original on 2001-03-03. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  28. ^ Bartholomew Dean 2004 “digital vibes & radio waves in indigenous Peru” in Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights: Legal Obstacles and Innovative Solutions. (ed.) Mary Riley, Contemporary Native American Communities Series, 27-53 New York: Altamira Press, A Division of Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. [2] accessed July 9, 2006
  29. ^ Dean, Bartholomew. "State Power and Indigenous Peoples in Peruvian Amazonia: A Lost Decade, 1990-2000." In The Politics of Ethnicity Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States. Chapter 7, David Maybury-Lewis (ed.) Harvard University Press[3]
  30. ^ Foundation for Endangered Languages Cultural Survival's "SPECIAL PROJECTS UPDATE: Amazonian People's Resources Initiative; Building Partnerships in Health, Education, and Social Justice October 31, 1997," Cultural Survival Quarterly, Issue 21.3 and IK Monitor 3(3)Research.[4]
  31. U.S. Department of Education[5]
  32. ISBN 0-472-09736-9 (Chapter 7: Dean, Bartholomew. At the Margins of Power: Gender Hierarchy and the Politics of Ethnic Mobilization among the Urarina)[6]
  33. ^ Jackson, Jean E and Kay B.Warren. "Indigenous Movements in Latin America, 1992-2004: Controversies, Ironies, New Directions." Annual Review of Anthropology 2005, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p549-573, 25p (http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120529 Brief online review and paid full access)

References

Bartholomew Dean : "The Poetics of Creation : Urarina Cosmogony and Historical Consciousness". In :- LATIN AMERICAN INDIAN LITERATURES JOURNAL, Vol. 10 (1994)

External links

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