Urban contemporary gospel
Urban/contemporary gospel | |
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Stylistic origins |
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Cultural origins | Late 20th century, African-Americans |
Typical instruments |
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Subgenres | |
Christian hip hop |
Urban/contemporary gospel is a modern subgenre of gospel music. Although the style developed gradually, early forms are generally dated to the 1970s, and the genre was well established by the end of the 1980s. The radio format is pitched primarily to African-Americans. Christian hip hop can be considered a subtype of this genre.
Origins and development
Protestant hymns and African-American
Urban/contemporary gospel derives primarily from traditional black gospel music, with strong influence from, and strong influence on, many forms of secular pop music. Due to strong racial divisions in 20th century American culture, urban/contemporary gospel developed specifically out of the African-American musical traditions (Bream 1991). The equivalent music from white American culture is
1960s–1970s
During the 1960s and 1970s and 1980s, hit songs like
1980s–1990s
In the 1980s and 1990s, some gospel groups (such as
Other groups and individual artists such as Hezekiah Walker took gospel congregational songs from the 1950s and 1960s and adapted them to a more upbeat feel similar to '80s and '90s pop. Examples of this include "99 ½" by Hezekiah Walker and the Love Fellowship Crusade Choir.
Many artists who began in the 1960s and 1970s (like the aforementioned Andrae Crouch and The Clark Sisters) also continued to release influential songs and albums in this period.
2000s–2010s
In the 2000s, many gospel artists from the previous two decades began establishing records and gaining established places in the gospel music canon, as recognized by annual
Groups like
Gospel artists had collaborated with secular artists in the past, but in the 2000s and 2010s, this became far more pronounced. Kirk Franklin is widely known for this, working with Kanye West on his gospel album, Jesus Is King, and with Lil Baby on the song "We Win" for the movie Space Jam: A New Legacy. Franklin also sung with Stevie Wonder on "Why" in the former's 2005 album, Hero. Rance Allen sung with Snoop Dogg on the song "Blessing Me Again" in 2018.
Eventually, secular artists began releasing gospel albums full of such collaborations. Examples include PJ Morton’s 2020 album Gospel According to PJ and Snoop Dogg's 2018 album Bible of Love.
Criticism
Like most forms of Christian music in the last two centuries, artists have been criticized by Christians who see the new forms as too similar to secular music styles or insufficiently focused on traditional religious sentiments. Artists in the urban/contemporary styles have taken a variety of approaches to address these concerns from their fan bases (Darden 2004:302).
Artists in this genre are expected to convey a committed Christian religious viewpoint and to treat their musical performances as a sacred service to God. In a distinctly Protestant-American touch, artists in this genre are expected to pray publicly, to "testify" about the artist's personal, emotion-driven conversion, and to make an effort to convert non-Christians to Christianity (Darden 2004:55).
Style
The secular version of this music is
Urban/contemporary gospel music is characterized by dominant vocals, usually performed by a soloist. Common instruments include drums, electric guitar, bass guitar, and keyboards (Darden 2004:285).
The lyrics very often have an explicitly Christian nature, although "inspirational" songs feature lyrics that can be construed as secular in meaning. For example, a song about a father's love for his son may be interpreted as
In comparison with traditional hymns, which are generally of a statelier measure, gospel songs are expected to have a
The genre includes Christian hip hop (sometimes called "Christian rap"), which has lyrics with Christian ideals and themes.
Influences
Rock & roll, country and rhythm & blues were influenced by traditional black gospel music, and these forms, as well as disco, funk, jazz and many secular genres, influenced urban/contemporary gospel music.
Perhaps the most significant musical influences on urban/contemporary gospel are hip hop and R&B (Waldron 2006). Like contemporary gospel, R&B developed from traditional black gospel music (Bream 1991). Soul music and Christian rock are also significant influences on contemporary gospel.
Sales and marketing
The gospel market is smaller than the secular market, but popular artists have sold millions of units. The radio stations that program UC Gospel, primarily in the Southern and Southeastern US serve a fiercely loyal core of listeners from all age groups and income demographics in the African-American communities.
Compared to traditional black music, whose sales are steady, urban/contemporary sales are rising, as a result of more significant marketing efforts (Johnson 2008:86).
Labels
- GospoCentric
- Verity Records
See also
- List of gospel musicians
- Category:Urban contemporary gospel musicians
- Christian R&B
- Soul music
- Gospel Music Hall of Fame
- Stellar Awards
- British black gospel
References
- Jon Bream (October 27, 1991). "Divided LoyaltiesCharts Split Gospel Music into Separate Camps". Minneapolis-St. Paul Star Tribune.
- John Samuel Burdick (2009). "Collective Identity and Racial Thought in São Paulo's Black Gospel Music Scene". Music and Arts in Action. 1 (2): 16–29. ISSN 1754-7105.
- Tony Cummings (January 6, 2007). "Vickie Winans: The Complete History Of A Gospel Music Institution". Cross Rhythms.
- Bob Darden (2004). People Get Ready!: A New History of Black Gospel Music. London: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-1436-2.
- Johnson, Barry L. (2008). A Change is Gonna' Come: The Transformation of a Traditional to a Contemporary Worship Celebration. Authorhouse. ISBN 978-1-4259-4474-2.
- Clarence Waldron (August 14, 2006). "Old School or New School, Gospel Music is Everlasting". Jet: 54–58. ISSN 0021-5996.
- Specific
- ^ #VERZUZ Presents: The Healing - Kirk Franklin vs Fred Hammond, retrieved November 10, 2021
- ^ What Makes Black Gospel Musicians So Skilled? (feat. Donald Lawrence and Tye Tribbett), retrieved November 10, 2021