Urumeans

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The Urumu (often transliterated as Urumeans) were a tribe attested in cuneiform sources in the Bronze Age. They are often considered to be one of the ancestors of the

Armenians[1][2][3] being one of the tribes which were part of the Armenian Hayasa-Azzi
confederation.

History

The

Tigris, west of Lake Van), inciting the locals not to pay taxes.[4]

Igor Diakonoff, however, placed Urumum in Elam
.

Vyacheslav Ivanov connected them to the "Urameans" in a separate Assyrian text also dated to around 2000 BC.

Location

The Urumu are believed to have originally come from the north (

Hatti). However, the Urumu are often associated with the lands of Arme and Urume (Inner Urumu), located to the west of Lake Van in the territory of Shupria (modern Sason).[6] These lands are known from 8th century BC Urartian and Assyrian records.[7][8]
In Urartian texts it is mentioned as Urme.

Ethno-linguistic makeup

Little is known about the language of the Urumu, however, their name, and the presence of Armenian toponyms in the region, led

Proto-Armenian, the direct ancestor of the modern Armenian language.[9][10][11]

The exonyms "Armenia" and "Armenians" may originate in the Urartian "Armini," or "inhabitant of Arme."[12]

Petrosyan suggested the name "Urumu" was probably pronounced "Oromu" and was perhaps a dialectal form of "Aram" and/or "Arme," which he etymologized as deriving from Proto-Indo-European "*rē-mo-" (black).[13]

According to Armenian tradition, the legendary Armenian patriarch Aram had a cousin and general named Mishak (Misak, Moshok). Scholars have proposed a connection between the names Aram and Urumu and Mishak and Mushki.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Igor M. Diakonoff. The Pre-history of the Armenian People. Delmar, New York (1968, translated 1984) ch.3. [1]
  2. ^ Boris Piotrovski. The Ancient Civilization of Urartu. Nagel. 1969. pp. 82, 199.
  3. ^ Aram Kossian. "The Mushki Problem Reconsidered." 1997. pp. 256-257, 262. 260-261. [2]
  4. ^ Igor M. Diakonoff. The Pre-history of the Armenian People. Delmar, New York (1968, translated 1984) ch.3. [3]
  5. ^ I.J. Gelb. "Inscriptions From Alishar and Vicinity." Researches in Anatolia. Vol. VI. Chicago University Press. 1935.
  6. ^ Armen Petrosyan. The Indo-European and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic (2002) pp. 82. [4]
  7. ^ Inscription of Tiglath-Pileser I, King of Assyria։ Dalcassian Publishing Company։ 2019-12-07։ ISBN 978-1-0787-5197-1
  8. ^ Igor M. Diakonoff. The Pre-history of the Armenian People. Delmar, New York (1968, translated 1984) ch.3. [5]
  9. ^ Igor M. Diakonoff. The Pre-history of the Armenian People. Delmar, New York (1968, translated 1984) ch.3. [6]
  10. ^ Boris Piotrovski. The Ancient Civilization of Urartu. Nagel. 1969. pp. 82, 199.
  11. ^ Aram Kossian. "The Mushki Problem Reconsidered." 1997. pp. 256-257, 262. 260-261. [7]
  12. ^ Armen Petrosyan (2007). "Towards the Origins of the Armenian People: The Problem of Identification of the Proto-Armenians: A Critical Review (in English)". Journal for the Society of Armenian Studies. p. 35. [8]
  13. ^ Armen Petrosyan.The Indo-European and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic. Institute for the Study of Man. 2002. p.82 [9]
  14. ^ Armen Petrosyan.The Indo-European and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic. Institute for the Study of Man. 2002. p.140. [10]
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