User:Chengtw11/sandbox-Sichuan opera

History

Before the Ming Dynasty

The origin of Sichuan Opera can be traced back to the pre-Qin period and even earlier, and the Jiaodian opera of the later Han Dynasty laid the foundation for the early Sichuan opera. "Song Yu Asks the King of Chu"^[1], a famous poem of the Warring States States that "they are Xialiba people, and there are thousands of people in the country who belong to harmony". The so-called "Xialiba people" is the name of Sichuan folk songs and dances or singers and dancers. According to the records of Taiping Guang Ji and Tares History Compilation, there was a play of Bullfighting since Li Bing, the governor of Shu County. In The Three Kingdoms Period, there appeared the first satirical comedy in Sichuan, which can be regarded as the originator of Sichuan opera comedy.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the popular drama of Sichuan reached its peak, and there appeared the situation of "Shu skills leading the world". Frequently performed plays in this period included Liu Bijimai, Maixiu Liangqi and Guankou God. And appeared the earliest troupe in the history of Chinese opera so far, namely Qian Manchuan, Bai Jia, Ye Si, Zhang Mei and Zhang Ao in "Youyang Zaozu"

In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Southern opera and Szechuan Zaju were popular in Sichuan, and the famous song was "Jiu Se Cai Qi".^[2]

Gaoqiang Opera===Ming and Qing Dynasties ===

Jin Guanger's class of "Sichuan Opera" in the Ming Dynasty once went to Jiangsu and caused a stir in Nanjing, forming a competitive situation with the Southern Opera.^[3]

At the end of the

In 1952, the Sichuan Opera delegation organized a large performance group to attend the first National Opera Viewing and performance Conference in Beijing. Many excellent plays and performances, such as The Willow Shadow, Autumn River, Snow Review and Trace, Farewell, Brother Wutaihui, etc., won awards. In the aspect of voice cavity, the innovation mainly takes the high voice cavity as the main object. Female voice lead cavity, help cavity, choose good singing, beautiful tone actress as a lead cavity, help cavity personnel. On this basis, there were other experiments, such as female actors helping with female voices, male actors helping with male voices, and male and female voices helping with combined voices, etc. Each troupe also set up full-time female voices helping personnel, which became a system. At the same time, some troupes also made some innovations in singing and accompaniment.

• Zhou Enlai's "Speech at the Symposium on Literary Work and the Conference on the Creation of Feature Films" (19 June 1961)I saw the material in Sichuan. A vice minister of culture went to Sichuan and said: Sichuan opera is backward. Offended the people of Sichuan. At that time, a comrade replied: Whether backward or not is up to the 70 million people in Sichuan to answer and decide. I think this comrade is very brave. Good answer! People like it. You don't like it. Who are you? Shanghai people love Pingtan, Huai Opera and Yue Opera. What do you want Beijing people to approve? Leaders may have preferences. Some love operas, some love paintings, and some love antiques. What does it matter? We saw the play say good, not necessarily good, our words are unreliable, everyone has their hobbies, how can as a standard? Art is to be approved by the people. As long as people like it, it has value.

During the "Cultural Revolution", more than 100 Sichuan opera troupes were disbanded, and a large number of famous actors, directors, writers, and artists were treated as "devils, ghosts, snakes and gods", or expelled, or transferred to "reform through labor teams", and some were even persecuted to death. After the "Cultural Revolution", Sichuan opera was quickly revived. The Cultural Bureau of Sichuan Province announced the opening of traditional operas in batches while holding literary and artistic arrangements to promote the creation and performance. Sichuan Opera School was restored, Sichuan Opera Art Research Institute was established, and Sichuan Opera Theater and other units were rebuilt. Emei Film Studio produced a variety of TV series called Sichuan Plum Blossoms, which was shown throughout the province and the whole country. In 1979, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of National Day, Sichuan operas such as Lying Tiger and Repair or Not were performed in Beijing and won awards. In 1980, the Art of Sichuan Opera, a quarterly opera magazine, was published.

profession

The roles in the drama are called trades in Sichuan Opera. Sichuan Opera is divided into six categories: sheng, dan, jing, mo, chou, and za.^[4]

Make up

There are many kinds of costumes in Sichuan opera, including “anaconda”, “dependent child”，“ official clothing”, and “pleated child”.^[6]

School of thought

During the long-term development of

• The western Sichuan School, including the Bazi counties in western Sichuan with Chengdu as the center, is dominated by Gaoqiang opera and lantern opera, forming a unique "Ba tune".
• The Ziyang River School, including Zigong and Neijiang counties, is dominated by Gaoqiang and has the most careful artistic style.
• The northern Sichuan School, including parts of Nanchong, Mianyang, and Guangyuan, mainly focused on singing and playing opera and was mostly influenced by Qin Opera.
• The eastern Sichuan school, including the eastern Sichuan area with Chongqing as the center, is dominated by Huqin.

characteristic

Gaoqiang is the most distinctive and representative form of Sichuan opera. Its main characteristics are as follows: free line and free singing style. There is no accompaniment, and only a clapper and drum are used to adjust the rhythm of Gaoqiang

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chengdu Opera.

• Sichuan opera
• China Sichuan Opera network

Category:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

References