User:PK2/Documentation for cite web

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

{{pp-template}}

{{High-use}} {{AWB standard installation}}

Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{cite document}}short, stand-alone, offline documents
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite medRxiv}}medRxiv preprints
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}podcasts
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite SSRN}}SSRN papers
{{Cite tech report}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See alsoSpecific-source templates
t
  • e
  • This

    External links
    " section of articles.

    Usage

    Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

    Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

    For references with author credit

    {{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

    For references without author credit

    {{cite web |url= |title= |author=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}
    Full parameter set in horizontal format
    {{cite web |url= |url-access= |title= |last= |first= |author= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-date= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor= |editor-link= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editors= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript=}}
    Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
    {{cite web
     |url=
     |title=
     |last=
     |first=
     |date=
     |website=
     |publisher=
     |access-date=
     |quote=}}
    
    Full parameter set in vertical format
    Vertical list Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes
    {{cite web
     |url=
     |url-access=
     |title=
     |last=
     |first=
     |author-link=
     |last2=
     |first2=
     |author-link2=
     |date=
     |year=
     |orig-date=
     |editor-last=
     |editor-first=
     |editor-link=
     |editor2-last=
     |editor2-first=
     |editor2-link=
     |department=
     |website=
     |series=
     |publisher=
     |agency=
     |location=
     |page=
     |pages=
     |at=
     |language=
     |script-title=
     |trans-title=
     |type=
     |format=
     |arxiv=
     |asin=
     |bibcode=
     |doi=
     |doi-broken-date=
     |isbn=
     |issn=
     |jfm=
     |jstor=
     |lccn=
     |mr=
     |oclc=
     |ol=
     |osti=
     |pmc=
     |pmid=
     |rfc=
     |ssrn=
     |zbl=
     |id=
     |access-date=
     |url-status=
     |archive-url=
     |archive-date=
     |via=
     |quote=
     |ref=
     |postscript=}}
    
     
     
     
     
     
    last
     
    last
    last2
     
     
     
     
     
    editor-last
     
    editor-last
    editor2-last
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    url 
    url 
    url, archive-date
    archive-url
     
     
     
     
     
     
    
     
    required
     
    required
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    
    • If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

    Choosing between Template:cite web and Template:cite news

    Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{cite web}} or {{cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

    As of 29 July 2016, {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences:

    • {{cite news}} can be used for
      offline
      (paper) sources whereas {{cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
    • {{cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{cite web}} does not (See Help:Citation Style 1 § Pages; see also {{cite magazine}}).

    But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

    cite web: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
    cite news: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.

    Examples

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=March 27, 2024}}
      Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=27 March 2024}}
      Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2024-03-27}}
      Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2024-03-27.
    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=27 March 2024}}
      Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 27 March 2024.
    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=2024-03-27}}
      "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2024-03-27.
    • {{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=[[National Football League]] |access-date=March 27, 2024}}
      "NFL Rules Digest". NFL Football Operations. National Football League. Retrieved March 27, 2024.

    Using "format="

    When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref))

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=27 March 2024}}
      "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Retrieved 27 March 2024.

    If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF, which displays " (PDF)" after the link.

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000 |title=Some PDF Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=PDF |access-date=27 March 2024}}
      "Some PDF Document" (PDF). Sample Int'l. Retrieved 27 March 2024.

    For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an

    .odt
    file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT, which displays " (ODT)" after the link.

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt |title=Some ODT Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=ODT |access-date=27 March 2024}}
      "Some ODT Document" (ODT). Sample Int'l. Retrieved 27 March 2024.

    Foreign language and translated title

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=27 March 2024 |language=fr |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
      Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (in French). Retrieved 27 March 2024.

    Using author-link

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=March 27, 2024}}
      Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved March 27, 2024.

    Multiple authors

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=27 March 2024}}
      Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things". Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 27 March 2024.

    No author

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=2024-03-27}}
      "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2024-03-27.

    No author, no publisher

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=27 March 2024}}
      "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
    • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=March 27, 2024}}
      "Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Retrieved March 27, 2024.

    Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived

    By default, if "archive-url" is used, |url-status=dead and the main link is to the archive:
    • {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2024-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}}
      "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). 2005-04-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
    With |url-status=live, the main link is to the original:
    • {{cite web |url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm |title=Interview with Maggie Downs |date=March 31, 2006 |publisher=The Desert Sun |url-status=live |archive-url=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm |archive-date=April 26, 2006}}
      "Interview with Maggie Downs". The Desert Sun. March 31, 2006. Archived from the original on April 26, 2006.
    With |url-status=unfit or usurped, the original is not linked at all:
    • {{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011}}
      "London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

    Using quote

    • {{cite web |url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |date=2008 |access-date=27 March 2024 |quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...'}}
      "Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2024. ... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'

    Parameters

    Syntax

    Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

    • parent
    • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
      • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
      • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
    Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

    By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

    COinS

    This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

    • use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

    Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, or &#160;, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

    COinS metadata is created for these parameters

    Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

    • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
    • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
    • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
    • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
    • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
    • |series=, |version=
    • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
    • |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
    • |edition=
    • |publisher=, |institution=
    • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
    • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
    • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
    • |degree=
    • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

    What's new

    What's new or changed recently
    Parameter Description Date
    N/A

    Deprecated

    Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
    Deprecated parameter Replace with Date
    |authors= |lastn= / |firstn=, |authorn=, |vauthors= November 2023
    Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
    Removed parameter Replace with Date Note
    |lay-date= (delete) August 2023
    |lay-source= (delete)
    |lay-url= (delete)
    |transcripturl= |transcript-url= August 2023

    Description

    Authors

    • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
      • author: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of |first= and |last=. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.
      • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with
        MOS:HON
        .
      • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
      • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
      • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
      • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in
        Vancouver style
        when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
    • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in
      Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses
      . End with etal if appropriate:
      |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
      • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
    • authors: deprecated Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
    • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1. Supports accept-this-as-written markup.
      • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
      • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
      • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
      • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
    • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
    • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
    • Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

    Title

    (See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

    • title: Title of source page on website. Displays in quotation marks. For titles containing quotation marks, convert regular quotation marks (") to single quotation marks ('). See
      Romanization
      (if available) of the title in script-title.
      • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); follows Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
        ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
      • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
    Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
    newline [ ] |
    space &#91; &#93; &#124;
    {{bracket|text}} {{pipe}}see also Help:Table § Rendering pipe itself
    This parameter is required and will generate an error if not defined. On errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |no-tracking=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
    • website: Title of website (when the website has a clear name, use that rather than the domain name); may be wikilinked. Displays in italics. Aliases: work
    • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
    • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

    Date

    • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
    Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets.
    For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

    For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
    The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
    Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
    • year: Year of publication. The more flexible |date= parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the |date= parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met:
      1. Shortened footnotes target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a CITEREF disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
      2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
    • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
    • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
      dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
      mdy – as above for month day, year format
      ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
      dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
      mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
      ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    1. MOS:DATEUNIFY
      .

    Website

    • work (required by {{
      Romanization
      in this field.
      • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
      • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.
        ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
    When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
    title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
    chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

    Publisher

    • agency: The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse. Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, use work or publisher. May be wikilinked if relevant.

    Series

    • series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.

    In-source locations

    • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
    • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
      Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp.
      • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=
        passim
        .
    • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
      Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
    • For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

    URL

    URLs must begin with a supported

    URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6
    host-names are currently not supported.

    If URLs in

    percent-encoded
    . For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

    Character space " ' < > [ ] { | }
    Encoding %20 %22 %27 %3C %3E %5B %5D %7B %7C %7D

    Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

    1. ^
      MOS:DATEUNIFY
      .

    Anchor

    Identifiers

    The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

    In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

    For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

    For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

    It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

    Quote

    • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a
      Romanization
      (if available) of the text in script-quote.
      • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
        ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
      • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
    • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
    • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

    Editors

    Lay summary

    {{csdoc|lay}}

    Display options

    • display-authors:
    • display-contributors:
    • display-editors:
    • display-interviewers:
    • display-subjects:
    • display-translators:
      Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors). |display-authors=0 is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
    • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

    Subscription or registration required

    Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in

    verifying claims in articles
    .

    Four access levels can be used:

    • access indicator for named identifiers:
      • Freely accessible free: the source is free to read for anyone
    • access indicators for url-holding parameters:
      • Free registration required registration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
      • Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required limited: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required
      • Paid subscription required subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall")

    As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

    Access indicators for url-holding parameters

    Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked as free. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add |archive-url= and |archive-date= values if possible.

    URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
    URL Access Allowed keywords
    |url= |url-access= registration Free registration required
    limited Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required
    subscription Paid subscription required
    |article-url= |article-url-access=
    |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=
    |contribution-url= |contribution-url-access=
    |entry-url= |entry-url-access=
    |map-url= |map-url-access=
    |section-url= |section-url-access=

    For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

    {{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}
    

    which renders as:

    "Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.
    Access indicator for named identifiers

    Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.

    Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
    Identifier Access Allowed keywords
    |bibcode= |bibcode-access= free Freely accessible
    |doi= |doi-access=
    |hdl= |hdl-access=
    |jstor= |jstor-access=
    |ol= |ol-access=
    |osti= |osti-access=
    |ssrn= |ssrn-access=
    |s2cid= |s2cid-access=

    Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

    • |arxiv=
    • |biorxiv=
    • |citeseerx=
    • |medrxiv=
    • |pmc=
    • |rfc=

    For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.

    TemplateData

    This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:PK2 in articles based on its TemplateData.

    TemplateData for PK2

    Error: cs1|2 template name required

    Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.

    Template parameters

    This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

    ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
    Last namelast last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject

    The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    Linesuggested
    First namefirst given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    Linesuggested
    Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link subject-link1 subject1-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 2last2 author2

    The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

    Lineoptional
    First name 2first2

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 2author-link2 author2-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 3last3 author3

    The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

    Lineoptional
    First name 3first3

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 3author-link3 author3-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 4last4 author4

    The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

    Lineoptional
    First name 4first4

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 4author-link4 author4-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 5last5 author5

    The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

    Lineoptional
    First name 5first5

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 5author-link5 author5-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 6last6 author6

    The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

    Lineoptional
    First name 6first6

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 7last7 author7

    The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

    Lineoptional
    First name 7first7

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 8last8 author8

    The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

    Lineoptional
    First name 8first8

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

    Page nameoptional
    Last name 9last9 author9

    The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

    Lineoptional
    First name 9first9

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

    Page nameoptional
    Authors listauthors people host

    List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.

    Stringoptional
    Author maskauthor-mask

    Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    Stringoptional
    Display authorsdisplay-authors

    Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al.

    Stringoptional
    Name list stylename-list-style

    Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

    Suggested values
    amp and vanc
    Stringoptional
    Source datedate

    Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink

    Datesuggested
    Year of publicationyear

    Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter

    Stringoptional
    Original dateorig-date

    Original date of publication; provide specifics

    Stringoptional
    Editor last nameeditor-last editor1-last editor

    The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first nameeditor-first editor1-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

    Lineoptional
    Editor linkeditor-link editor1-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 2editor2-last editor2

    The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 2editor2-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 2editor2-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 3editor3-last editor3

    The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 3editor3-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 3editor3-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 4editor4-last editor4

    The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 4editor4-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 4editor4-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 5editor5-last editor5

    The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 5editor5-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 5editor5-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 6editor6-last editor6

    The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 6editor6-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 6editor6-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 7editor7-last editor7

    The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 7editor7-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 7editor7-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 8editor8-last editor8

    The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 8editor8-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 8editor8-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Editor last name 9editor9-last editor9

    The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.

    Lineoptional
    Editor first name 9editor9-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.

    Lineoptional
    Editor link 9editor9-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.

    Page nameoptional
    Othersothers

    Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith'

    Stringoptional
    Titletitle

    The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website.

    Stringrequired
    Script titlescript-title

    For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

    Stringoptional
    Translated titletrans-title

    An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

    Stringoptional
    URLurl URL

    The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."

    Example
    https://www.metacritic.com//...
    URLrequired
    URL access levelurl-access

    Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

    Suggested values
    registration subscription limited
    Stringoptional
    URL statusurl-status

    If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.

    Suggested values
    dead live usurped unfit
    Default
    'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
    Example
    'dead' or 'live'
    Auto value
    live
    Stringsuggested
    Archive URLarchive-url

    The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

    Auto value
    URLsuggested
    Archive datearchive-date

    Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

    Datesuggested
    Archive formatarchive-format

    Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

    Stringoptional
    URL access dateaccess-date

    The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

    Datesuggested
    Name of the websitewebsite work

    Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases.

    Example
    [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
    Stringsuggested
    Series identifierseries

    Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal

    Stringoptional
    Publisherpublisher

    Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases.

    Example
    [[CBS Interactive]] (which owns "Metacritic.com")
    Stringoptional
    Location of publicationlocation

    Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

    Stringoptional
    Pagepage

    Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

    Stringoptional
    Pagespages

    Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'

    Stringoptional
    Atat

    May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

    Stringoptional
    Languagelanguage lang

    The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name or one of the standard MediaWiki language codes; do not use icons or templates; separate multiple languages with commas (with no 'and' before the last one)

    Example
    de, fr, es
    Stringoptional
    Typetype

    Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

    Stringoptional
    Formatformat

    Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

    Stringoptional
    Place of publicationpublication-place

    Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

    Stringoptional
    Publication datepublication-date

    Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

    Dateoptional
    Published viavia

    Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work.

    Example
    [[GitHub]], [[SourceForge]], [[CodePlex]], [[YouTube]], [[Vimeo]], [[Dailymotion]], [[Netflix]], [[Archive.org]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[grc.com]]
    Stringoptional
    No ppno-pp

    Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

    Auto value
    y
    Booleanoptional
    arXiv identifierarxiv

    An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

    Stringoptional
    ASINasin

    Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

    Stringoptional
    ASIN TLDasin-tld

    ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

    Stringoptional
    Bibcodebibcode

    Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

    Stringoptional
    biorXivbiorxiv

    biorXiv identifier; 6 digits

    Lineoptional
    CiteSeerXciteseerx

    CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

    Lineoptional
    DOIdoi

    Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

    Stringoptional
    DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

    The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

    Auto value
    Dateoptional
    ISBNisbn

    International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

    Stringoptional
    ISSNissn

    International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

    Stringoptional
    jfm codejfm

    Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

    Stringoptional
    JSTORjstor

    JSTOR identifier

    Stringoptional
    LCCNlccn

    Library of Congress Control Number

    Stringoptional
    MRmr

    Mathematical Reviews identifier

    Stringoptional
    OCLCoclc

    Online Computer Library Center number

    Stringoptional
    OLol

    Open Library identifier

    Stringoptional
    OSTIosti

    Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

    Stringoptional
    PMCpmc

    PubMed Center article number

    Stringoptional
    PMIDpmid

    PubMed Unique Identifier

    Stringoptional
    RFCrfc

    Request for Comments number

    Stringoptional
    SSRNssrn

    Social Science Research Network

    Stringoptional
    Zblzbl

    Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

    Stringoptional
    idid

    A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

    Stringoptional
    Quotequote

    Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation

    Stringoptional
    Refref

    An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references

    Stringoptional
    Postscriptpostscript

    The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined

    Default
    .
    Stringoptional
    Lay URLlay-url

    URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'

    URLoptional
    Lay sourcelay-source

    Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

    Stringoptional
    Lay datelay-date

    Date of the summary; displays in parentheses

    Dateoptional
    Editionedition

    Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'

    Stringoptional
    Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

    If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

    Auto value
    free
    Stringoptional
    DOI access leveldoi-access

    If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

    Auto value
    free
    Stringoptional
    HDL access levelhdl-access

    If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

    Auto value
    free
    Stringoptional
    Jstor access leveljstor-access

    If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

    Auto value
    free
    Stringoptional
    OpenLibrary access levelol-access

    If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

    Auto value
    free
    Stringoptional
    OSTI access levelosti-access

    If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

    Auto value
    free
    Stringoptional

    Notes

    {{UF-COinS}}