List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes

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Uttaramadra
)

This is a list of ancient

Indic religions
.

From the second or first millennium BCE,

Northern India, Central India, and also in areas of the southern part like Sri Lanka and the Maldives through and after a complex process of migration, assimilation of other peoples and language shift.[1][2][3]

Ancestors

Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony
Sutras), the Hindu counterpart of Airyanəm Vaēǰō
, although it refers to Northern India and they are later.
Indo-Iranians
that came from the north.
Map 4: The approximate extent of the Vedic period Āryāvarta is highlighted in pale yellow
Bharata Khanda
.

Vedic tribes

Pancha Jana (Five tribes)

(पञ्च जना –

Vedic Period
)

  • Anu (in the southwest part of early Āryāvarta)
  • Druhyu (in the north part of early Āryāvarta)
  • Sarasvati
    river region)
  • Panchalas. [22]
    Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel.[25][26] In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.[11][12] In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by Indra.[13][14] The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,[15] and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.[11]
  • Yadu (in the southeast and south parts of early Āryāvarta
    )

Janapadas

Early Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1700–1100 BCE)

Map 6: Early Vedic Culture (1700–1100 BCE) and location of early Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes

After roughly 1700 BCE

India, therefore the number of peoples, tribes and clans was increasing (as well as the number of Indo-Aryan language speakers) and Āryāvarta
was becoming a very large area (see the map on the right side).

  • Aja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Ambaśṭha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Aṅga – Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern Āryāvarta in Vamana).
  • Anu – is a
    vrddhi derivation of Anu, is the name of a ruler in the Rigvedic account of the Battle of the Ten Kings (7.18.13) and at 8.4.1 with the Turvaśa (tribe). The meaning ánu "living, human" (Naighantu) cannot be substantiated for the Rigveda [28] and may have been derived from the tribal name. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta
    )
  • Āyu[29]
  • Bhajeratha[30]
  • Dasarajna battle. Some scholars have argued that the Bhalanas lived in South Central and Western Pakistan, and that the Bolan Pass, around which live the Brahui people, are the Bhalana people and abode.[27][31] (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta
    )
  • Bharadvāja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Bhrigus[32]
  • Bheda – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Bodha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Druhyu – The Druhyu were a people of Vedic India. They are mentioned in the Rigveda,
    Gandhāra. The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas too settle in the "northern" (udīcya) region (Bhagavata 9.23.15–16; Visnu 4.17.5; Vayu 99.11–12; Brahmanda 3.74.11–12 and Matsya 48.9.). The word Druid (Gallic Celtic druides), is partially derived from Proto-Indo-European vid "to see, to know' [35][36] It has also been alleged that the Rg Veda and the Puranas describe this tribe as migrating North.[37] However, there is nothing of this in the Rigveda and the Puranas merely mention that the Druhyu are "adjacent (āśrita) to the North". (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta
    )
  • Gandharis[38] (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
  1. Guṅgu[39]
  2. Iksvaku[40] (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)

Late Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1100–500 BCE)

Panchala, Kosala, Videha
.

From roughly 1100 to 500 BCE

India
(see the map 6).

According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga janapada originally comprised the area covered by the Puri and Ganjam districts.reference-Sudama Misra (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. p. 78.

Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE)

Map 8: Mahajanapadas roughly in 500 BCE.

महाजनपद – Mahajanapada Shodasa Mahajanapadas (Sixteen Mahajanapadas) The Mahajanapadas were sixteen great kingdoms and republics that emerged after the more powerful political entities (initially based on the territories of peoples and tribes) had conquered many others. According to the

Buddhist Canon
)

According to the

Jain text
)

Mentions by Ancient Greek authors (Classical Age)

Ancient India
.

Northwest

Indus River Basin

Other regions of

Ancient India
(India Intra Gangem)

Possible Indo-Aryan or other peoples / tribes / clans

Hypothetical Indo-Aryans

  • Indo-Aryan migration
    (towards West in this case).

See also


References

  1. ^ Anthony, David W. (2007), The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World, Princeton University Press
  2. ^ .
  3. ^ Parpola, Asko (2015), The Roots of Hinduism. The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization, Oxford University Press
  4. .
  5. .
  6. ^ .
  7. ^ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
  8. ^ Erdosy, George; Witzel, Michael (1995). Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics. De Gruyter. p. 204.
  9. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 262.
  10. ^ a b c d Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 235.
  11. ^ a b Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 605, 695.
  12. ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 222, 262.
  13. ^ a b Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 829.
  14. ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 237.
  15. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 239.
  16. ^ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 54.
  17. .
  18. ^ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
  19. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 204
  20. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.411.6137
    .
  21. ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 236.
  22. ^ "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres." in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136
  23. . Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  24. .
  25. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 234
  26. ^ a b Talageri, S. G. (2005). The Rigveda as a source of Indo-European history. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, 332.
  27. ^ Mayrhofer, Etym. Dict. 1986, pt. 1, p. 74
  28. ^ Bloomfield, M. (1899). The Myth of Purūravas, Urvaçī, and Âyu. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 20, 180–183.
  29. ^ Zimmer, S. (1986). On a special meaning of jána- in the Rgveda. Indo-Iranian Journal, 29(2), 109–115.
  30. ^
    A. B. Keith
    (1912). Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
  31. ^ Weller, H. (1937). WHO WERE THE BHRIGUIDS?. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 18(3), 296–302.
  32. ^ e.g. RV 1.108.8; 7.18; 8.10.5; 6.46.8
  33. ^ Hopkins, E. W. (1893). Problematic passages in the Rig-Veda. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 15, 252–283.
  34. ^ F. Le Roux & C.-J.Guyonvarc'h, Les Druides, Paris 1982: 37
  35. ^ "druid | Etymology, origin and meaning of druid by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  36. ^ Sanskrit in English
  37. ^ Warraich, M. T. A. GANDHARA: AN APPRAISAL OF ITS MEANINGS AND HISTORY.
  38. ^ Grassmann, H. (Ed.). (1876). Rig-veda (Vol. 1). FA Brockhaus.
  39. ^ PINCOTT, F. ART. XIX.—The First Mandala of the Rig-Veda. By. Journal of the Boy. Asiat. Son, 16(Part II).
  40. ^ Rig-Veda-Sanhitá: A collection of ancient Hindu hymns... Vol. 3. 1857.
  41. ^ Pike, A. (1992). Indo-Aryan Deities and Worship as Contained in the Rig-Veda. Kessinger Pub.
  42. ^ Perry, E. D. (1885). Indra in the Rig-Veda. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 11, 117–208.
  43. ^ a b Griffith, R. T. (2009). The Rig-Veda. The Rig Veda.
  44. ^ Muller, F. M. (1869). Rig-veda-sanhita (Vol. 1).
  45. ^ Witzel, M. (1999). Aryan and Non-Aryan names in Vedic India. Data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900–500 BC. Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia, Evidence, Interpretation and Ideology. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University (Harvard Oriental Series: Opera Minora III).
  46. ^ a b Frawley, D. (2001). The Rig Veda and the History of India: Rig Veda Bharata Itihasa. Aditya Prakashan.
  47. ^ a b Ian Worthington 2014, p. 219.
  48. ^ a b Peter Green 2013, p. 418.
  49. ^ The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis, Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi 2000
  50. ^ Jayarava Attwood, Possible Iranian Origins for the Śākyas and Aspects of Buddhism. Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies 2012 (3): 47–69
  51. ^ Christopher I. Beckwith, "Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia", 2016, pp 1–21

Further reading