Uvira
Uvira | |
---|---|
Ville de Uvira | |
Coordinates: 3°22′12″S 29°08′24″E / 3.37000°S 29.14000°E | |
Country | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Province | South Kivu Province |
Area | |
• Urban | 74 km2 (29 sq mi) |
Elevation | 746 m (2,448 ft) |
Population (2020 estimate)[1] | |
• Urban | 590,000 |
• Urban density | 8,000/km2 (21,000/sq mi) |
Uvira is the capital city of the Uvira Territory in the South Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is situated between Lake Tanganyika and the Mitumba Mountains and covers an area of approximately 16km.[2][3]
Geographically located between 13°15' north latitude and 28°10' east longitude, it is bordered by the Mazuza River to the north, the Ruzizi River to the south, Lake Tanganyika to the east, and the Munanira Mountain to the west.[2][4] It is the economic and transportation hub of the Uvira Territory and is also home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Uvira, a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Bukavu.[4] With an estimated population of 590,000 (2020), Uvira is renowned for its thriving trade, prosperous fishing industry, and cultural heritage.[5][6][7]
Geography
Uvira is located approximately at 29° 27' East longitude and 3° 24 South latitude. It is situated at the northernmost tip of
Hydrology
Uvira is characterized by the presence of several
Climate
Uvira experiences a
Geology
The region is part of the
Administrative divisions
According to the 2014 civil status statistics, Uvira is subdivided into 14 districts:[13]
Districts | Population | |
1. | Kabindula District | 14,306 |
2. | Kakombe District | 24,174 |
3. | Kalundu District | 23,549 |
4. | Kasenga District | 19,449 |
5. | Kavimvira District | 19,549 |
6. | Kibondwe District | 4,947 |
7. | Kilibula District | 9,320 |
8. | Kimanga District | 13,656 |
9. | Mulongwe District | 22,998 |
10. | Nyamianda District | 11,230 |
11. | Rombe I District | 20,832 |
12. | Rombe II District | 16,046 |
13. | Rugenge District | 6,185 |
14. | Songo District | 19,118 |
History
Early history
Uvira has a rich history, shaped by the convergence of different ethnic groups over time. According to Alfred Moeller de Laddersous, the region's first inhabitants were Bazoba fishermen, who established their presence around the shores of Lake Tanganyika.[14][15] In the 17th century, the Vira people journeyed from Lwindi (now Lwindi Chiefdom), near the Ulindi River in the mountainous hinterland, to settle near Lake Tanganyika.[15][16][17]
Following the Vira settlement, the Bahamba clan of the Fuliiru people arrived in the region, establishing themselves north of the Bavira, partly within Bavira territory. Notably, the Bahamba clan had their own paramount leader who operated independently from the Bavira paramount. Gradually, the Bahamba clan expanded their paramountcy, occupying considerable localities along the north-western coastline of the Ruzizi Plain, stretching from Uvira to Luvungi. The expansion led to the establishment of the Bahamba dynasty of Bafuliiru, which governed the various parts of the region. Inter-marriage between the Bavira and Bafuliiru clans occurred, further intertwining their cultures and forging social connections.[18][19]
Barundi and Banyarwanda immigration
In the latter half of the 19th century, the region experienced an influx of Barundi and Banyarwanda immigrants. The Barundi immigrants were predominantly Tutsis, accompanied by a smaller number of Hutus who were harbored in Ruzizi Plain by Fuliiru agriculturalists. They were later dispersed to various localities in Uvira.[20] Conversely, the majority of Banyarwanda immigrants were mostly Tutsi herders who were accommodated by Fuliiru chief in Mulenge and Upper Sange, incrementally establishing their presence.[21][22]
During the Rwandan Revolution and the Rwandan genocide, a significant number of refugees settled in various villages, districts, and ports of Uvira.[23][24][25][26]
Arab-Swahili slave trade
Between the 1850s and 1890s, Burundi's shoreline served as an entrepôt for the slave traffic coming from the eastern part of the Congo Free State. Arab-Swahili merchants, who were majorly warlords involved in the Indian Ocean slave trade, procured slaves from the area for the purpose of trading. They mainly operated in Uvira, Katanga, Nyangwe, Kasaï, Kabinda, Kirundu, and Baraka.[27][28][29]
Father Van der Burgt noted in his Dictionary that in 1897–8, there were a few discreet slave dealers in Uzige (in the region of
According to
European explorers
Throughout the 19th century, several European explorers carried out expeditions to Uvira. In 1857–1858, Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke embarked on a mission that brought them to Lake Tanganyika, while in 1871, Henry Morton Stanley joined David Livingstone at Ujiji, a town situated in the Kigoma-Ujiji District of the Kigoma Region in Tanzania, where they explored the mouth of the Ruzizi River. However, it was in 1898 that Lieutenant Chargeois established a post in Uvira opposite the one the Germans had established in Bujumbura, a year earlier in 1897. He was immediately joined by Catholic missionaries, notably the Reverend Father Victor Roelens.[36][37][38]
Mobutu era
During Mobutu Sese Seko's era, Uvira was the capital of the former South Kivu Subregion, a constituent part of the Kivu Region at the time. In 1989, when South Kivu was elevated to the status of a province, the capital was relocated to Bukavu. At present, Uvira is a city and the current capital of the Uvira Territory.[39]
Conflict and insecurity
Uvira has been afflicted by armed groups, militia groups, inter-communal tensions, and clashes for over three decades, resulting in
During the
The capture of Uvira on 25 October 1996 saw renewed atrocities committed by AFDL/RPA/FAB units, including indiscriminate killings that resulted in the deaths of several hundred people, including Hutu refugees and Zairian civilians.[43]
During the Second Congo War, ANC/RPA/FAB operatives killed dozens of civilians in Uvira on August 6, 1998. Hundreds of victims were killed during confrontations with the RCD-Goma when they attempted to seek shelter or escape from the combat zone. Others were executed after the fighting ended during search operations. Women were also subjected to rape by the soldiers during these operations.[43]
The official end of the war came in July 2003 with the signing of the Global and All-Inclusive Agreement on Transition in Kinshasa.[44][45] However, despite the formal end of the war, the region continues to face sporadic outbreaks of violence, often involving armed groups, militias, and inter-communal tensions. These ongoing conflicts have resulted in further violence, population displacement, and human rights abuses in Uvira and its surrounding areas.[40][46][47][48]
In 2017, the
Economy
Agriculture
The city thrives in the
Livestock
Fishing
Given the region's proximity to Lake Tanganyika, which is the second-deepest lake in the world and rich in aquatic resources, fish farming emerged as a significant economic activity. It is practiced by Vira and Fuliiru fishermen, as well as by the Bembe people who rear a variety of fish, including tilapia, catfish, kapenta (known to the locals as ndakala or sambaza), protopterus (commonly known as njombo in the city), Astatotilapia burtoni (known as Kijoli), clarias (known as kambale), Tanganyika killifish, sleek lates, Lake Tanganyika sprat, and Nile perch. Fish farming contributes to food security, alleviating malnutrition, and improving the nutritional status of communities, particularly those living in rural areas or in nearby cities and towns such as Sange, Luvungi, and Kiliba. It also provides income-generating opportunities for local farmers and entrepreneurs who sell their fish in local markets, restaurants, and even neighboring regions.[55][57]
Craftsmanship
The area is known for its rich cultural heritage and skilled Fuliiru and Vira artisans, who create a wide range of handcrafted products. These artisans specialize in woodworking, pottery, basket weaving, metalwork, and textile production. The crafted products are sold by national companies such as SNCC (Société Nationale des chemins de fer du Congo), SNEL and REGIDESO. These companies offer finely carved sculptures, furniture, and household items made from locally sourced timber, as well as bowls, jugs, tools, utensils, jewelry, fabrics, garments, and accessories.[39]
Transport
The city benefits from its close geographical location, which enables it to engage in internal and external trade with
The primary communication channels that facilitate traffic with the outside world are:
- The lake route ensures the transportation of people and goods on Lake Tanganyika, connecting neighboring and foreign countries such as Burundi, Tanzania, and Zambia. This route is serviced by boats and ships.[55]
- The land route connects Uvira-Bukavu, and another section links Uvira to Bujumbura. There is also a route connecting Uvira to Kalemie via the Fizi Territory.[55]
Demographics
Uvira is home to a diverse population consisting of native ethnic groups of
Population by district (September 2010)
Uvira consists of 14 districts, with Kakombe having the highest population density. It has a workforce of 24,407 residents, accounting for 12.5% of the city's total population. Mulongwe District has the second-highest population with 20,531 inhabitants, representing 10.5%, and Kibondwe District comes in third with 3,687 residents, which represents 1.9%.[39]
The vast majority of the city's residents are nationals, with a workforce of 194,669 people making up 99.8% of the population. Foreigners constitute just 0.2%, and most of them reside in the Kilibula District, representing 26.7% of the foreign population. Burundians form the largest group of foreign nationals, accounting for 55.2%, with Rwandans coming in second at approximately 37.5%. This is primarily due to their proximity to the city, which enables daily travel through affordable means.[39]
Mulongwe District has no foreign population. Women and men each make up almost half of the workforce, with around 98,390 women and 96,696 men. The city's population in 2009 was estimated to be 171,409, including 484 foreign residents.[39]
Culture
Sport
Uvira is a prominent sporting hub in the region, boasting two
In addition to its sporting infrastructure, Uvira offers various recreational venues, such as performance halls like Baraza la Parokya and the chapel school, as well as the grand hall of the Mulongwe parish. Moreover, the city is dotted with bars, clubs, dancing clubs, cabarets, and bistros. Uvira's coastal areas, especially Saga I and Saga II beaches, are also a hit among visitors.[39][58]
Media
The city served as a vital crossroads for diverse media outlets, providing the local population with essential news, information, and entertainment in Swahili, Lingala, and French.[39]
Some of the prominent media outlets in the city include:
- Vodacom: Vodacom is a major telecommunications company in the region, providing mobile and internet services. While not a media outlet in the traditional sense, it plays a crucial role in enabling communication and access to digital content for residents in Uvira.
- Zain: Zain offers mobile and internet services in the area. Similar to Vodacom, it plays a vital role in facilitating communication and connectivity for individuals and businesses.
- Orange RDC (formerly Congo Chine Télécoms; CCT): CCT provides mobile services and connectivity to the local population.
- U-Com: U-Com offers various communication services, including mobile and internet, in Uvira and surrounding areas.
- Télécel: Télécel is a mobile network operator that provides cellular services to residents of Uvira. It enables communication and access to mobile data services.
The city is also enriched by the presence of several local media outlets:
- Pylon (antenna) of Tigo: The Pylon is probably a broadcasting infrastructure that facilitates the transmission of Tigo's telecommunications services, including voice and data, in the region.
- RTNC station of Uvira: RTNC (Radiotélévision nationale congolaise) is the national public broadcaster in the DRC. The RTNC station in Uvira likely broadcasts news, cultural programs, and other content of national interest to the local community.
- Radio Mitumba: Radio Mitumba is a local radio and television station in Uvira that provides news, entertainment, and cultural programming.
- Radio Tuungane: Radio Tuungane is also local radio station in Uvira that serves as a platform for news, community discussions, and entertainment.
- Radio Télévision Lukula: Radio Télévision Lukula is a local radio and television station that broadcasts a variety of content, including news, music, and cultural programming.
- Radio Le Messager du Peuple: Radio Le Messager du Peuple is a local radio station in Uvira that focuses on news, community information, and religious programming.
Education
The education system in Uvira, like many parts of the Uvira Territory, faces numerous challenges, including a shortage of qualified teachers, limited resources, overcrowded classrooms, and inadequate funding. Despite these obstacles, the community places great value on education, and students and families strive to maximize the available educational opportunities. Non-governmental organizations and international partners also collaborate to support and enhance the education sector in Uvira and other regions in the country.[59][60][61][62]
Uvira boasts a range of
- Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA)
- Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural d'Uvira (ISDR-UVIRA)
- Institut Supérieur de Technique Médical (ISTM-UVIRA)
- Institut Supérieur de Commerce (ISC-Uvira)
- Institut Supérieur des Technologies et de Commerce (ISTEC)
Health facilities
Health facilities in the region includes:
- Hôpital Général de Référence d'Uvira
- Uvira is host to the medical center of SOS Children's Villages, a global organization that provides support to children in need.
- Hôpital Général de Reference de Kasenga
- Rutasoka Clinic
- Saint Luc
- CSDT Kavimvira
- Uvira Mental Health Center (Centre National pour le Bien-être Emotionel, also referred to as Centre de Santé Mentale d'Uvira), serve primarily residents in Uvira Territory, Fizi Territory and Walungu Territory (Kamanyola), although individuals living outside the region may also receive care.[65][66]
- Fondation Mukende
See also
Further reading
- Chubaka, Bishikwabo (1987). "Aux origines de la ville d'Uvira selon les exporateurs et les pionniers de la colonisation belge au Zaire (1840-1914)". Civilisations. 37 (1): 83–126. JSTOR 41968746.
References
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External links
- "Retracing Che Guevara's Congo Footsteps". BBC News. 25 November 2004.
- Map "Uvira, Sud-Kivu, Congo-Kinshasa" (PDF). Reférential Geographique Commun, République Démocratique du Congo. 21 December 2012.[permanent dead link]