Uyghurs in Kazakhstan
Total population | |
---|---|
224,700 (2009)[1] | |
Languages | |
Uyghur, Kazakh, Russian | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Chinese people in Kazakhstan, Turks in Kazakhstan |
Part of a series on |
Uyghurs |
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Uyghurs outside of Xinjiang Uyghur organizations
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Uyghurs in Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Qazaqstandağy ūiğyrlar), or Uyghur Kazakhstanis (Ūiğyr Qazaqstandyktar), form the country's fifth-largest ethnic group, according to the 2009 census.[2]
Migration history
There is a centuries-old history of population movements between the territories which are today controlled by the neighbouring Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China.[3] Often this has involved minorities fleeing persecution on one side of the border and finding refuge on the other.[4]
By 1897, there were already roughly 56,000 Uyghurs in what is today Kazakhstan, according to the
Uyghurs in Kazakhstan can be roughly divided into three groups based on the time of their ancestors' migration. The earliest, the yärlik ("locals"), are those who have been in the country the longest.
Today, Kazakhstan is often a transit point for Uyghur migration to Western Europe and North America; most Uyghurs in countries like Norway and Canada come from Central Asia rather than China.[13]
Social integration
Few of the older Uyghur migrants retain personal cross-border links with relatives or friends in Xinjiang.
Following the independence of Kazakhstan, the Kazakhstani government leveraged its tolerance for anti-
Culture
Uyghurs who came to Kazakhstan in the 1950s and 1960s began in the 1970s to revive traditional Uyghur practises which had been lost by earlier Uyghur migrants.
See also
- Kazakh exodus from Xinjiang
- Uyghur Americans
Notes
- ^ "Population Census 2009". Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ "Population Census 2009". Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ Sadovskaya 2007, p. 159.
- ^ Laruelle & Peyrouse 2009, p. 104.
- ^ Alekseenko 2001, p. 2.
- ^ Kamalov 2007, p. 36.
- ^ Parham 2004, p. 39.
- ^ Parham 2004, p. 57.
- ^ a b Roberts 2007, p. 204.
- ^ Laruelle & Peyrouse 2009, p. 96.
- ^ Parham 2004, p. 59.
- ^ a b Parham 2004, p. 88.
- ^ a b Kamalov 2005, p. 164.
- ^ Parham 2004, p. 82.
- ^ a b Kamalov 2005, p. 161.
- ^ a b c Roberts 2007, p. 207.
- ^ Laruelle & Peyrouse 2009, p. 101.
- ^ a b Kamalov 2005, p. 163.
- ^ Solovyov 2011.
- ^ Kamalov 2005, p. 159.
Sources
- Alekseenko, A. N. (2001), "Республика в зеркале переписей населения" (PDF), Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniia (12): 58–62, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-30
- Kamalov, Ablet (2005). "Uighurs in Post-Soviet Central Asia". In Atabaki, Touraj; Mehendale, Sanjyot (eds.). Central Asia and the Caucasus: Transnationalism and Diaspora. Routledge. pp. 154–168. ISBN 978-0-415-33260-6.
- Kamalov, Ablet (2007), "The Uyghurs as a Part of Central Asian Commonality: Soviet Historiography on the Uyghurs", in Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (ed.), Situating the Uyghurs between China and Central Asia, Anthropology and cultural history in Asia and the Indo-Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, pp. 31–46, ISBN 978-0-7546-7041-4
- Laruelle, Marlène; Peyrouse, Sebastien (2009), "Cross-border Minorities as Cultural and Economic Mediators between China and Central Asia" (PDF), China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 7 (1): 29–46
- Parham, Steven (2004). Narrating the Border: The Discourse of Control Over China's Northwest Frontier (PDF). Institut für Ethnologie. ISBN 978-3-906465-25-8.
- Roberts, Sean R. (2007), "'The Dawn of the East': A Portrait of a Uyghur Community Between China and Kazakhstan", in Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (ed.), Situating the Uyghurs between China and Central Asia, Anthropology and cultural history in Asia and the Indo-Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, pp. 203–218, ISBN 978-0-7546-7041-4
- Sadovskaya, Elena Y. (2007), "Chinese Migration to Kazakhstan: a Silk Road for Cooperation or a Thorny Road of Prejudice?" (PDF), China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 5 (4): 147–170
- Solovyov, Dmitry (7 June 2011). "Kazakh deports Uighur to China, rights groups cry foul". Thomson Reuters Foundation.
- Yao, Yong-Gang; Kong, Qing-Peng; Wang, Cheng-Ye; Zhu, Chun-Ling; Zhang, Ya-Ping (1 December 2004). "Different Matrilineal Contributions to Genetic Structure of Ethnic Groups in the Silk Road Region in China". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (12): 2265–2280. PMID 15317881.
- Xu, Shuhua; Jin, Li (12 September 2008). "A Genome-wide Analysis of Admixture in Uyghurs and a High-Density Admixture Map for Disease-Gene Discovery". American Journal of Human Genetics. 83 (3): 322–336. PMID 18760393.