Uzeyir Hajibeyov
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2023) |
Uzeyir Hajibeyov | |
---|---|
Üzeyir Hacıbəyov | |
USSR | |
Occupations |
|
Uzeyir bey Abdulhuseyn bey oghlu Hajibeyov[a] (18 September 1885 – 23 November 1948) was an Azerbaijani composer, musicologist and teacher. He is recognized as the father of Azerbaijani classical music.[1]
Hajibeyov composed the music of the
Early life
Uzeyir Hajibeyov was born in
Shusha, often dubbed as the cradle of Azerbaijani music and culture, had a reputation for its musical heritage. The town was also referred to as "the Music Conservatory of the Caucasus" because of its many talented musicians and singers. And the fact that Hajibeyov grew up in Shusha explains how at 22, in 1908, with very little formal musical education, he was capable of writing a full-length opera.[7][8][9]
Hajibeyov received his early education in a religious school (
Hajibeyov was no stranger to the tragic chaos of war; he lived through the Revolutions of
Merging traditional and Western styles
Throughout all the tumultuous change in Azerbaijan that took place between 1900 and 1940, one characteristic consistently reflects the character of Uzeyir Hajibeyov. He always searched for ways to merge and integrate the past with the present rather than to discard either form. Rather curiously, even files at the Gori Pedagogical Seminary have shown his persistence in holding on to his own roots even under pressure. On 3 December 1900, when he was 15, it is noted that "the student, Uzeyir Hajibeyov, was rebuked because he was talking in his native language." Conversely, when Russian-influenced musicians tried to ban traditional Azerbaijani instruments like the
, Hajibeyov and his colleagues pushed to incorporate them into the Western orchestra, thereby, giving them an even higher status and ultimately a chance to survive. The great composer Ü.Hacıbeyli had the opportunity to open music schools that combined various educational systems. In these schools, national cadres who could integrate into the world music culture were trained. History and music theory of Azerbaijani music were researched and education classes were written. Uzeyir Hajibeyli in the field of music education combined and created in Azerbaijan Western and East traditions.Music
In 1908, Hajibeyov wrote his first opera,
Hajibeyov's second opera
In contrast to
In October 2006, the musical comedy Arshin Mal Alan ("The Cloth Peddler") by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, written in 1913, was announced to be performed on western stages for the first time.[18][19][20]
One of Hajibeyov's greatest legacies was bringing forward the idea of establishing a professional music school. Hence the
In 1931, Hajibeyov helped in establishing the Azeri Folk Instruments Orchestra affiliated with the Radio Committee. This orchestra performed European classical pieces, such as those by Mikhail Glinka, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert, Georges Bizet and others. Hajibeyov thus was the first musician to adapt the note system to traditional Azeri musical instruments.
In 1936, Hajibeyov assisted in founding of the Azerbaijani State Choir within the
-doubling rather than four-part singing in the problematic sections.Hajibeyov devoted much energy to the idea of integrating woman's role and status into the male-dominated world. The concept of women's emancipation runs through many of his works often in the form of comedy or satirization as in the case when he makes fun of the process of selecting marriage partners, a process hindered by the fact that women were still wearing veils until the 1920s when the Soviet regime prohibited them.
Operas
“Leyli and Majnun”
The opera art was established art not only in Azerbaijan, but also in the entire Muslim East by means of Hacibeyov's opera "Leyli and Majnun" which premiered on 12 January 1908, at the theatre of Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev. Hajibeyov wrote with his brother Jeyhun Hajibeyov this libretto of the opera based on poem of the same name written by Fuzuli.The first performance was made by actor and director Huseyn Arablinski. The band-master was the writer-dramatist Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev. Huseynqulu Sarabski was in the role of “Majnun” and Abdurrahim Farajov in the role of “Leyli”.In next performances, Hajibeyov himself and his close friend and colleague, composer Muslim Magomayev performed as band-master.[22]
This role was acted for the first time by Huseyinqulu Sarablinski. Then, these people - Sidghi Ruhulla, Khanlar Hakhverdiev, Aliovsat Sadıghov, Shirzad Hüseynov, Gulagha Mammadov, Mais Salmanov, Gulu Asgarov, Bakir Hashimov, Ali Mehdiyev, Arif Babaev, Baba Mirzaev, Janali Akbarov, Safa Gahramanov, Alim Gasımov and Mansum İbrahimov performed in a role of Majnun at the next performance.
“Koroglu”
“Koroglu opera” premiered firstly on 30 April 1937, at the Azerbaijan Opera and Ballet Theatre. This is the first classical opera that based on the motives of heroic epic in Azerbaijan.
In this opera, Hajibeyov created arias, mass choral scenes, various ensembles, ballet numbers and recitatives.
In the next years of his life, he worked on "Firuza" opera.
Musical comedies
“Husband and wife”
The first musical comedy of Hajibeyov is “Husband and wife” which is consist of three scenes. This is the first example of Azerbaijani musical comedy. The first premiere of it was in 1910. H.Sarabski and A.Aghdamski performed in the roles of Marjan and Minnat. Hajibeyov wrote the sketch of the comedy himself.
“If Not That One, Then This One”
After “Husband and wife” opera, he began to write the second operetta of him. The first premiere of it was at the theatre of Mailovs brothers in Baku in 1911. “Mən nə qədər qoca olsam da” song and “Uzundere” national folk music are sounded in this opera with some changes on it.
Later, this opera was translated into various languages, performed in Caucasian countries, Turkey, Bulgaria and other countries.
"Arshin Mal Alan"
The first feature film based on “Arshin Mal Alan” Musical comedy was shot in 1916. This film was the silent film.
For the next time it was screened at "Baku movie studio" in 1945 with some changes on it. The main role of film belonged to Rashid Behbudov.
This comedy again was screened in Baku, in 1965. Director of the film was Tofiq Taghizade and Fikrat Amirov performed as a music redactor. It was translated into many languages such as English, German, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, Polish etc.
Publications
From 1919 to 1920 Hajibeyov served as editor-in-chief for the newspaper Azerbaijan, the main governmental media body of the
In 1927, Hajibeyov published Collection of Azerbaijani Folk Songs along with composer Muslim Magomayev. For the first time, more than 300 pieces of Azeri folk music were documented by notation. In 1945, he published the book entitled Principles of Azerbaijan Folk Music, which has been translated into several languages including English in 1985 devoted to the centenary of his birth.
Legacy
In 2013, Google celebrated Hajibeyov's 128th Birthday with Google Doodle on its Azerbaijani version.[23][24]
Official honours
Hajibeyov was the creator of the first
Hajibeyov was a professor at the
Hajibeyov joined the Communist Party in 1938.[30] He served twice as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the highest legislative institution in the Union.[2][31]
Hajibeyov died of diabetes at the age of 63, and was buried at the Alley of Honor in Baku.[32][33]
On 18 September 1995, the 110th anniversary of Hajibeyov's birth has been celebrated. No one in the history of modern music in Azerbaijan is recognized for having done more to lay the foundation for Azerbaijani music as it exists today, especially with its unique synthesis of Eastern and Western traditional musical instruments and musical forms.[34]
In 2008 the
In June 2011 President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and President of Serbia Tadic unveiled a monument of Hajibeyov on the Dunavski kej in Novi Sad, Serbia.[36]
On the occasion of the 130th birthday anniversary of the composer, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti proclaimed 18 September 2015 as the "Uzeyir Hajibeyli Memorial Day" in the City of Los Angeles and called on all residents to join this celebration.[37] Also U.S. Congressman Paul Gosar from Arizona extended a Congressional Record recognizing Hajibeyov's achievements.[38]
Uzeyir Music Day
18 September is celebrated as "Uzeyir Music Day" after national leader Heydar Aliyev's decree in 1995. Different events and celebrations are usually held on this day with participation of world-famous musicians.
Stage works
- Leyli and Majnun, opera, 1908.
- Sheikh Sanan, opera, 1909. Destroyed by the composer.
- Husband and Wife, operetta, 1910.
- O olmasın, bu olsun ("If Not That One, Then This One"). Musical comedy (operetta) in four acts, 1910
- Rustam and Zohrab, mugham opera, 1910.
- Asli and Kerem, mugham opera in four acts and six scenes, 1912.
- Shah Abbas and Khurshid Banu, mugham opera, 1912.
- Arshin Mal Alan ("The Cloth Peddler"). Musical comedy (operetta), 1913.
- Harun and Leyli, mugham opera, 1915
- Koroğlu("The Blind Man's Son"), opera. Written 1936, premiered 1937.
- Chirpynirdi gara deniz (“The Black Sea raged”), song. Written 1918.
References
Notes
- ^ Azerbaijani: عزیر بگ عبدالحسین بگ اوغلی حاجیبگوف, Üzeyir bəy Əbdülhüseyn bəy oğlu Hacıbəyov; Russian: Узеир-бек Абдул-Гусейн-бек оглы Гаджибеков, romanized: Uzeir-bek Abdul-Guseyn-bek ogly Gadzhibekov
Citation
- ^ doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12195. (subscription or UK public library membershiprequired)
- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-30219-7.
Leyli and Majnun was not only the first opera by an Azeri composer, but also the Islamic world's first opera
- ISBN 978-0-08-024637-6.
- ^ "The First Oriental Opera by Azerbaijani Composer (1908)". ATI.AZ. 22 November 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
- ^ Abasova, L. V. et al. (eds.) (1992) Istoria azerbaijanskoi muziki Maarif, Baku, pp. 85-86, in Russian
- ^ Naroditskaya, Inna (2000) "Azerbaijanian Female Musicians: Women's Voices Defying and Defining the Culture" Ethnomusicology 44(2): pp. 234-256, p.242
- ISBN 9780415302197.
- ^ "130th anniversary of Uzeyir Hajibeyov-V?DEO". azvision.az. 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ^ "Caucasus conservatory". en.vestikavkaza.ru (in Russian). 9 May 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Гаджибеков Узеир Абдул Гусейн-оглы" (in Russian). Биография.ру. Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ Uzeyir Hajibeyov Archived 10 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine. AzWorld.org.
- ^ Biography of Uzeyir Hajibeyov Archived 4 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine at Uzeirbey.aznet.org
- ^ "Alphabet Transitions: The Latin Script: A Chronology" Archived 3 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine Azerbaijan International, Vol. 5:2 (Summer 1997), pp. 22-24.
- ^ "Leyli and Majnun - 90th Jubilee: The Opera that Shaped the Music of a Nation" Archived 8 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine Azerbaijan International, Vol. 5:4 (Winter 1997), p. 25.
- ^ a b c "От "Лейли и Меджнун" до "Кёроглы"" (in Russian). Статья опубликована в газ. „Бакинский рабочий" от 16 марта 1938 года № 61, а также в сб. „Искусство азербайджанского народа", М.—Л., 1938 г. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
- ^ "Composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov: 110 Jubilee" Archived 6 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine Azerbaijan International, Vol. 3:3 (Autumn 1995), pp. 76 ff.
- ^ "Why Uzeyir Hajibeyov wrote Koroghlu at Height of Stalin's Repressions" Archived 5 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine by Betty Blair, Azerbaijan International, Vol. 14:2 (Summer 2006), p. 61.
- ^ ""AtaHolding" sponsored performance of "Arshin mal alan" operetta in Vienna" (www.ataholding.az ed.). Archived from the original on 11 March 2016.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Вишневецкий Ф. "В Лос-Анджелесе с большим успехом прошел спектакль «Аршин мал алан»" (1news.az ed.). Archived from the original on 22 December 2014.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Azerbaijani Musical "Arshin Mal Alan" Mesmerizes Los Angeles" (PR Newswire Association LLC ed.). 9 September 2013. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Bakı Musiqi Akademiyası, Üzeyir Hacıbəyov XX yüziliyin I yarısında dünya musiqi mədəniyyətində…". Archived from the original on 6 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "Leyli&Medjnun". leyli-mejnun.musigi-dunya.az. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
- ^ "Uzeyir Hacibeyov's 128th Birthday (Azerbaijan)". www.google.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
- ^ "Google создал "дудл" в честь Узеира Гаджибекова". www.anspress.com (in Russian). Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
- Azertag2006.05.31
- ^ Eight of Hajibeyov's librettos of operas and operettas in Azeri Latin and English translation Archived 1 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine at HAJIBEYOV.com
- ^ "ЛЕТОПИСЬ ЖИЗНИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА УЗЕИРА ГАДЖИБЕКОВА". Электронная библиотека Узеира Гаджибекова. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
- ^ a b "Портал "Культура Азербайджана"" (in Russian). Профессора Фарадж Караев, Чингиз Гусейнов,Рахман Бадалов, Ниязи Мехти; Марианна Высоцкая, Марк Верховский, Гурам Адишария, Изабелла Мигаль. Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
- ^ "ЛЕТОПИСЬ ЖИЗНИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА УЗЕИРА ГАДЖИБЕКОВА". Электронная библиотека Узеира Гаджибекова. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
- ^ "Гаджибеков Узеир Абдул Гусейн оглы" ("Hajibeyov, Uzeyir Abdul Hussein oglu"). Большая Советская Энциклопедия (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia). Third Edition. Ed. Alexander Prokhorov. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/77018/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Archived 6 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ISBN 9780080246376.
- ^ "Üzeyir Hacıbəyovun həyat və yaradıcıllığı" (in Azerbaijani) (xanim.az ed.). Archived from the original on 25 September 2017.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Üzeyir Hacıbəyovun həyat və yaradıcıllığı" (in Azerbaijani) (xanim.az ed.). Archived from the original on 25 September 2017.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Üzeyir Hacıbəyovun anadan olmasının 110 illik yubileyinin keçirilməsi haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin 1 sentyabr 1995-ci il tarixli Qərarı Archived 5 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine — anl.az (in Azerbaijani)
- ^ Central Bank of Azerbaijan Archived 14 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Commemorative coins. Coins produced within 1992-2010 Archived 19 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine: Gold coin dedicated to the memory of Uzeyir Hajibeyov. – Retrieved on 25 February 2010.
- ^ "News - Serbia, Azerbaijan "moving toward strategic partnership"". B92. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- ^ "Los Angeles proclaims "Uzeyir Hajibeyli Day"". 18 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "Congressional Record Extensions of Remarks Articles". Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
External links
- Free scores by Uzeyir Hajibeyov at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- Web-site dedicated to Uzeyir Hajibeyov - HAJIBEYOV.com including librettos, articles by and about Hajibeyov and some audio recordings of his works
- Librettos in English and Azeri Latin of most of Hajibeyov's operas and musical comedies. HAJIBEYOV.com [1].
- Monument of Uzeyir Hajibeyov to be erected
- "Soviet Music and Society Under Lenin and Stalin: The Baton and the Sickle" by Matt O'Brien in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 13:1 (Spring 2005), pp. 80–81.
- "Politically Correct Music: Stalin's Era and the Struggle of Azerbaijani Composers" by Aida Huseinova, in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 14:2 (Summer 2006), pp. 56–65.
- A short section of a stage production of the opera Köroğlu, YouTube: [2] (10 min 55 sec).
The libretto of this part of opera is in Persian. - A short section of Hajibeyov's celebrated social satire Mashadi Ibad: [3] Archived 4 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine (9 min 40 sec).
- Political and socio analysis of Mashadi Ibad by Abulfazl Bahadori, in [4], Vol. 6:4 (Winter 1998), pp. 22–23.