Vaccine cooler
Many
Technology development
In 2005 Ian Tansley of Sure Chill designed an ice-chest vaccine cooler regulated by the density of water. Since water has greatest density at around 4 °C, putting the vaccine chamber at the bottom of a thermo-syphon regulates the temperature at between 2 °C and 8 °C, as long as there is ice and the heat-exchange capacity is not overloaded.[clarification needed] Sure Chill claimed[when?] to be WHO approved and in use for vaccine storage in 46 countries.[citation needed]
A refrigeration device was shown for this purpose by
It was revealed in March 2008 that another class of long-term Vaccine Cooler is based around an Ice Box with separate Ice and Vaccine chambers. Using ice as the energy storage device allows the Vaccine Cooler to operate for long periods without power: separating the vaccine chamber from the ice chamber allows temperature regulation while avoiding the need for special packing and conditioning of the cold packs. Suggestions have included the use of a regulated heat pipe to connect the vaccine chamber and the ice chamber.[5]
In September 2008 it was reported that
The Free Piston Stirling Cooler, a type of mechanical refrigerator, was brought to market before 2010 by Twinbird Corporation of Japan.[8] In 2016 Will Broadway won the James Dyson Award for a vaccine cooler based on a miniaturisation of the bi-fluid Icyball technology. Broadway's design uses electricity or propane as the heat source.[9][10] As of August 2019, Broadway claimed an 88-hour cool-life under WHO PQS test conditions,[11] whereas competitor products could only meet a nine-hour cool-life.[12]
References
- ^ "E004: Insulated containers". World Health Organization.
- ^ "Generic Guide for THE FIELD EVALUATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES for WHO PQS Prequalification" (PDF). World Health Organization. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ a b Grosser, Adam (2007). "A mobile fridge for vaccines". TED.
- ^ Bisno, Adam (8 December 2020). "The Einstein-Szilard Refrigerator". Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation, Smithsonian Museum.
- hdl:1721.1/40937.
- ^ Alok, Jha (21 September 2008). "Einstein fridge design can help global cooling". The Guardian.
- ^ "Einstein's Refrigerator Using No Electricity/No Freon Revived at Oxford". The Green Optimistic. 6 February 2015.
- ^ "FPSC Application Products". Twinbird Company. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
- ^ "Einstein-inspired Isobar vaccine cooling system wins UK James Dyson award". The Guardian. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ "ISOBAR". James Dyson Award. 2016.
I discovered a 1929 forgotten cooling invention called 'Icyball' that had no moving parts and provided rural farmers access to off the grid refrigeration. I refined the cast iron technology for use as a portable, controllable cooling device.
- ^ "PQS Independent type-testing protocol - Vaccine cold box" (PDF). World Health Organization. 8 December 2008.
- ^ Broadway, William (2017). "ISOBAR - Mobile Vaccine Delivery".