Valladolid
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Valladolid | ||
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Panoramic view The Town Hall in the Plaza Mayor Landscaped sign installed in the Campo Grande; and the Academia de Caballería | ||
Postal code 47001–47016 | ||
Dialing code | 983 | |
Website | www |
Valladolid (Spanish: [baʎaðoˈlið] ⓘ) is a municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province of Valladolid. It has a population of 295,639 people (2022 est.).[2]
The city is located roughly in the centre of the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula's
Valladolid was the location of Europe's first moral debate on the treatment of indigenous people and is the city in which Christopher Columbus died. It was briefly the capital of Habsburg Spain between 1601 and 1606. The city then declined until the arrival of the railway in the 19th century, and with its industrialisation into the 20th century.
The
Among the events that are held each year in the city are
Etymology
There is no direct evidence for the origin of the modern name of Valladolid.
It is mentioned as Valledolit in the Primera Crónica General; earlier documented variants include Valledolidi, Valleolide (1092) and Valleolit, Valleoleti, Valleoliti (1095).[4][dead link][dubious ]
One widely held etymological theory suggests that the modern name Valladolid derives from the
The city is also popularly called Pucela, a nickname whose origin is not clear, but may refer to knights in the service of Joan of Arc, known as La Pucelle. Another theory is that Pucela comes from the fact that Pozzolana cement was sold there, the only city in Spain that sold it.
Geography
Location
Valladolid is located at roughly 735 metres above sea level, at the centre of the Meseta Norte,[7] the plateau drained by the Duero river basin covering a major part of the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The primitive urban core was built ex novo in the 11th century on a small elevation near the confluence of the Esgueva with the Pisuerga,[4] on the left-bank of the latter river. The city of Valladolid currently lies on both banks of the Pisuerga, a major right-bank tributary of the Douro.
Besides the main territory on which the city lies, the municipality also includes two exclaves: Navabuena (5,129 hectares, hosting the Prison of Villanubla ) and El Rebollar (400 hectares).[8]
Climate
The city of Valladolid experiences a continentalized
Valladolid is drier than Spain's northern coastal regions, although there is year-round precipitation. Average annual precipitation is 433 mm (17.0 in) and the average annual relative humidity is 64%.
Climate data for Valladolid, normals 1981–2010, extremes 1973–2021, 735 m (2,411 ft) altitude | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
34.5 (94.1) |
39.8 (103.6) |
41.1 (106.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
38.2 (100.8) |
33.3 (91.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
21.4 (70.5) |
41.1 (106.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.7 (85.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.2 (54.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
8.3 (46.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.5 (65.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
7.7 (45.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
12.2 (54.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.3 (32.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −11 (12) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−6 (21) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.2 (37.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.6) |
27 (1.1) |
22 (0.9) |
46 (1.8) |
49 (1.9) |
29 (1.1) |
13 (0.5) |
16 (0.6) |
31 (1.2) |
55 (2.2) |
52 (2.0) |
53 (2.1) |
433 (17.0) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 68 |
Average snowy days | 3.0 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 8.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83 | 72 | 62 | 62 | 60 | 52 | 45 | 48 | 56 | 70 | 79 | 84 | 64 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 101 | 147 | 215 | 232 | 272 | 322 | 363 | 334 | 254 | 182 | 117 | 89 | 2,624 |
Source 1: | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Atlas Agroclimático Castilla y León[14] |
History
Precedents
The
Remains of Celtiberian and of a Roman camp have been excavated near the city. The nucleus of the city was originally located in the area of the current San Miguel y el Rosarillo square and was surrounded by a palisade. Proofs of the existence of three ancient lines of walls have been found.
During the time of Muslim rule in Spain, the Christian kings moved the population of this region north into more easily defended areas and deliberately created a no man's land as a buffer zone against further Moorish conquests. The area was captured from the Moors in the tenth century.
Repopulation and growth
In 1072 Alfonso VI of León and Castile gifted the Lordship of Valladolid to Count Pedro Ansúrez. Entrusted with the repopulation of the area, Ansúrez led the foundation of Valladolid along with his wife Eylo Alfónsez .[15] By 1084 the project for the foundation of the settlement was already underway.[16] Ansúrez built a palace (now lost) and La Antigua church.[citation needed] Eylo founded three hospitals and the Churches of San Sebastián and San Nicolás.[17] Both co-founded the church of Santa María.[17] Valladolid was repopulated by people from the lands of Carrión and Saldaña.[18]
In the 12th and 13th centuries, Valladolid grew rapidly, favoured by the commercial privileges granted by the kings Alfonso VIII and Alfonso X.[citation needed]
Early modern period
In 1469, Queen
From 1554 to 1559,
During 1550–1551 the town held the
Valladolid was granted the status of city in 1596, also becoming a
In the midst of the reign of
The city was again damaged by a flood of the rivers Pisuerga and Esgueva.
Contemporary history
From 1950 onwards Valladolid became an important industrial centre.[26] This was the context in which companies such as ENDASA (1950), FASA (1954), TECNAUTO (1956) and SAVA (1957) were created.[27] The city was declared as a Polo de Desarrollo Industrial ("Pole for Industrial Development") in 1964.[27] During the 1960 and early 1970s the city attracted many immigrants, chiefly coming from the province of Valladolid and neighbouring provinces.[27] The city started to expand across the western bank of the Pisuerga in the early 1960s.[28]
In the context of the fraught process for the creation of the
Government and administration
Valladolid is a
Education
Education management and policing in Valladolid depends on the Ministry of Education of the
Universities
University of Valladolid
The University of Valladolid (UVA) was founded in 1241 by Alfonso VIII of Castille. It is one of the oldest universities in the world. It has four campuses around the city (Huerta del Rey, Centro, Río Esgueva and Miguel Delibes) as well as another three campuses scattered around the wider region of Castile and León (Palencia, Soria and Segovia). Spread over 25 colleges and their associated centers, about 2000 teachers give classes to more than 23,800 students enrolled in 2011.
It also features the 25 centers, a number of administrative buildings such as the Palacio de Santa Cruz, where the rector, and the Museum of the University of Valladolid (MUVa), The House of Students, featuring the other administrative services mainly related to international relations, or CTI (Center for Information Technology), both located in the basement of the University Residence Alfonso VIII, next to the old Faculty of Science.
Miguel de Cervantes European University
The Miguel de Cervantes European University (Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes; UEMC) is a private university with roughly 1,500 students. It is spread over three faculties: Social Sciences, Law and Economics, Health and the Polytechnic School. It has later expanded its campus with a new facility doubling the area devoted to teaching and research. It also has a dental clinic and a library.
Primary and secondary schools
Lycée Français de Castilla y León, a French international school, is near Valladolid, in Laguna de Duero.[33] San Juán Bautista de La Salle School, a High Private College in Valladolid. Integral and Superior Education. Integrates Kindergarten, Primary School and High School.[34]
Architecture
12th century romanesque architecture is present in the belltowers of the churches of Santa María La Antigua and San Martín .[35]
The School of San Gregorio has been highlighted as an outstanding example Late Gothic architecture (Isabelline gothic).[36] The Gothic style is also present in the Church of San Pablo (featuring also Renaissance and plateresque elements).[36] The late 15th century Palace of Santa Cruz (current seat of the rectorate of the University of Valladolid) has been noted as a pioneer example of Renaissance art in Spain.[37]
The monumental Plaza Mayor, considered the first in its genre in Spain, was projected by Francisco de Salamanca by 1561–62, following the great fire of 1561.[38] The porticoed plaza distinctly employs stone columns with wooden footings and lintels.[39] The design of the façades of the plaza served as template for a number of buildings in nearby streets.[40]
The unfinished
The
The
The city preserves the residences of iconic city neighbors such as the
Population
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2020) |
As of 2019, the population of the city of Valladolid proper was 298,412,[47] and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 406,923.[48] The most important municipalities of the urban area are (after Valladolid itself) Laguna de Duero and Boecillo on the south, Arroyo de la Encomienda, Zaratán, Simancas and Villanubla on the west, Cigales and Santovenia de Pisuerga on the north, and Tudela de Duero and Cistérniga on the east.
After new neighbourhoods developed in recent decades (one example would be Covaresa), the high prices in the municipality led young people to buy properties in towns around the city, so the population has fallen in Valladolid but is growing fast in other peri-urban areas (for example, Arroyo de la Encomienda or Zaratán).
Economy
Valladolid is a major economic center in Spain. The automotive industry is one of the major motors of the city's economy since the founding of FASA-Renault in 1953 for the assembling of Renault-branded vehicles, which would later become Renault España. Four years later, in 1957, Sava was founded and started producing commercial vehicles. Sava would later be absorbed by Pegaso and since 1990 by the Italian truck manufacturer Iveco. Together with the French tire manufacturer Michelin, Renault and Iveco form the most important industrial companies of the city.
Besides the automotive and automotive auxiliary industries, other important industrial sectors are food processing (with local companies like Acor and Queserías Entrepinares and facilities of multinationals like Cadbury, Lactalis or Lesaffre), metallurgy (Lingotes Especiales, Saeta die Casting...), chemical and printing. In total 22 013 people were employed in 2007 in industrial workplaces, representing 14.0% of total workers.[49]
The main economic sector of Valladolid in terms of employment is however the service sector, which employs 111,988 people, representing 74.2% of Valladolid workers affiliated to Social Security.
The construction sector employed 15,493 people in 2007, representing 10.3% of total workers.
Finally, agriculture is a tiny sector in the city which only employs 2,355 people (1.5% of the total). The predominant crops are wheat, barley and sugar beet.
Top 10 companies by turnover in 2013 in € million were :
Transportation
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Public transport
Urban
High-speed rail
Roads
Several highways connect the city to the rest of the country.
Airport
The airport serving the city is not located within the municipal limits, but in Villanubla. The airport has connections to Barcelona, Málaga, and the Canary Islands.
Culture
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Languages
Spanish is the only official language throughout the city. Valladolid stands out for having been the residence of the author of Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes, as well as authors such as José Zorrilla or Miguel Delibes and the thrust of its University. The province stands out for receiving a significant number of people who want to learn the Spanish language (Language tourism).
Easter
Holy Week ("Semana Santa" in Spanish) holds one of the best known Catholic traditions in Valladolid. The Good Friday processions are considered an exquisite and rich display of Castilian religious sculpture. On this day, in the morning, members of the brotherhoods on horseback make a poetic proclamation throughout the city. The "Sermon of the Seven Words" is spoken in Plaza Mayor Square. In the afternoon, thousands of people take part in the Passion Procession, comprising 31 pasos (religious statues), most of which date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The last statue in the procession is the Virgen de las Angustias, and her return to the church is one of the most emotional moments of the celebrations, with the Salve Popular sung in her honour.
Easter is one of the most spectacular and emotional fiestas in Valladolid. Religious devotion, art, colour and music combine in acts to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus Christ: the processions. Members of the different Easter brotherhoods, dressed in their characteristic robes, parade through the streets carrying religious statues (pasos) to the sound of drums and music.
Seminci
The city is also host to one of the foremost (and oldest) international film festivals, the Semana Internacional de Cine de Valladolid (
Even after the death of Franco in 1975, Valladolid continued to be the "testing ground" for films which had been banned. For example, the premiere in Spain of Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange at the 1975 festival is still recalled as a landmark.[citation needed]
Local cuisine
Although an inland province, fish is commonly consumed, some brought from the Cantabrian Sea. Fish like red bream and hake are a major part of Valladolid's cuisine.
The main speciality of Valladolid is, however, lechazo (suckling baby lamb). The lechazo is slowly roasted in a wood oven and served with salad.
Valladolid also offers a great assortment of wild mushrooms. Asparagus, endive and beans can also be found. Some legumes, like white beans and lentils are particularly good. Pine nuts are also produced in great quantities.
Sheep cheese from Villalón de Campos, the famous pata de mulo (mule's foot) is usually unripened (fresh), but if it is cured the ripening process brings out such flavour that it can compete with the best sheep cheeses in Spain.
Valladolid has a bread to go with every dish, like the delicious cuadros from Medina del Campo, the muffins, the pork-scratching bread and the lechuguinos, with a pattern of concentric circles that resemble a head of lettuce.
The pastries and baked goods from the province of Valladolid are well-known, specially St. Mary's ring-shaped pastries, St. Claire's sponge cakes, pine nut balls and cream fritters.
Valladolid is also a producer of wines. The ones that fall under the Designation of Origin
Sports
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2020) |
Valladolid's main association football club is
In handball Valladolid was represented by BM Valladolid of the Liga ASOBAL. They won 2 King's Cup, 1 ASOBAL Cup and 1 EHF Cup Winners' Cup. After the disappearance of this club, BM Atlético Valladolid was born, which also competes in the Liga ASOBAL. They play their games at the Polideportivo Huerta del Rey.
Rugby union is a very popular sport in Valladolid. VRAC and CR El Salvador, with 33 and 27 titles respectively, have dominated Spanish rugby for the last decades. They play their matches at Estadio Pepe Rojo.
The Plaza de toros de Valladolid, a bullring, opened on 29 September 1890, and it has a capacity of 11,000.[citation needed]
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Valladolid is twinned with:[52]
Other partnerships
Valladolid cooperates with:[52][54]
Notable people
- Anne of Austria (1601–1666), Queen of France
- Miriam Blasco (born 1963), judoka
- José Manuel Capuletti (1925–1978), painter
- Jesús Cifuentes (born 1966), singer and founder of Celtas Cortos
- Miguel Delibes (1920–2010), writer
- Francis Ferdinand de Capillas (1607–1648), protomartyr saint of China
- Alberto García (born 1970), musician for Celtas Cortos
- Henry IV of Castile (1425–1474), King of Castile and León, brother of Isabella I of Castile
- Cecilia del Nacimiento (1570–1646), nun, mystic, writer, and poet
- Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill, also known as Red Hugh O'Donnell (1572–1602), Irish Gaelic chieftain, buried here
- Philip II of Spain (1527–1598), King of Spain and Portugal and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland
- Philip IV of Spain (1605–1665), King of Spain and Portugal
- Roldán Rodríguez (born 1984), racing driver
- Sancho the Brave (1258–1295), King of Castile
- Carlos Soto (born 1968), musician and founder of Celtas Cortos
- Juan de Torquemada (1388–1468), Bishop and Cardinal
- Goyo Yeves (born 1968), musician and founder of Celtas Cortos
- José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 1960), Spanish Prime Minister
- José Zorrilla (1817–1893), writer
See also
References
- Informational notes
- ^ Morelia had been named Valladolid before Mexican independence in 1820; it was renamed in 1828 after the independence leader José María Morelos, born in the city in 1765.[53]
- Citations
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ "Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (Spanish Statistical Institute)". www.ine.es. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ "Constituida la Comunidad Urbana de Valladolid, que agrupa a la capital y 15 municipios del entorno". El Norte de Castilla. 23 February 2012.
- ^ a b Martín Montes 1999, p. 162.
- ISBN 0-86078-708-7
- Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v. 23 The Zenith of the Marwanid House, transl. Martin Hinds, Suny, Albany, 1990
- ^ Cabarga, Gloria (17 November 2019). "¿Por qué no nieva en Valladolid?". Tribuna de Salamanca.
- 20minutos.es.
- ^ Becerro Alonso, Sara (27 December 2019). "La niebla de todos los días. ¿Por qué se produce?". El Norte de Castilla.
- Gobierno de España.
- ^ "Valores climatológicos normales. Valladolid" (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
- ^ "Valores extremos. Valladolid Aeropuerto" (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ "Valladolid vuelve a batir su récord de calor: 41,1 grados" (in Spanish). El Dia de Valladolid. 16 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ "Atlas Agroclimático Castilla y León. Valladolid" (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ Martínez Martín 2006, pp. 374–375.
- ^ Martínez Martín 2006, p. 375.
- ^ a b Martín López 2016, p. 123.
- ^ "De anonimato a ciudad próspera, Valladolid evocará 900 años de su repoblación". La Vanguardia. 28 September 2018.
- ^ Roger Crowley. Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire. NY: Random House, 2015, p. 161
- ^ a b Caballero Romero 2015, p. 81.
- ^ a b c Moreno 2018, pp. 181–197.
- ^ Gutiérrez Alonso 1986, p. 11.
- ^ Vega García-Luengos 1997, p. 207.
- ^ a b c "El Duque de Lerma, precursor de la corrupción Inmobiliaria en España". Madridiario. 26 March 2019.
- ^ a b "¿Cómo dio el 'pelotazo' el Duque de Lerma?". Xlsemanal. 9 April 2018.
- ^ Díez Abad 2004, p. 642.
- ^ a b c Díez Abad 2004, p. 643.
- ^ Ruiz 2013.
- ^ Malveille 2004, p. 259.
- ^ a b Calderón Calderón & García Cuesta 2014, p. 100.
- ^ "Ayuntamiento de Valencia". Ayuntamiento de Valencia.
- ^ "Óscar Puente revalida la alcaldía de Valladolid y tendrá apoyo de afines a IU". La Vanguardia. 15 June 2019.
- ^ "Accueil Archived 17 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine"/"Inicio Archived 1 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine." Lycée Français de Castilla y León. Retrieved on 13 February 2015. "Avenida de Prado Boyal, n° 28 47140 – Laguna de Duero Valladolid (ESPAÑA)"
- ^ "Home Archived 12 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine"/"Inicio ."
- ^ Pastor Coello 2014, p. 224.
- ^ a b Pastor Coello 2014, p. 220.
- ^ Pastor Coello 2014, p. 225.
- ^ ÍÑIGO SALINAS (27 August 2008). "De la Riva confía en que las obras del Lope de Vega salgan adelante". El Norte de Castille (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
- ^ a b Domínguez Burrieza 2002, p. 295.
- ^ Domínguez Burrieza 2002, pp. 298–301.
- ^ Parrado, Diego (21 February 2019). "10 restauraciones de edificios en España que todos lamentan y ya no tienen vuelta atrás". El País.
- ^ Brasas 1981, p. 496.
- ^ García Martín 1997, p. 596.
- ^ "Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Padrón 2013". Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014. Population figures from 1 January 2013.
- ^ [1] Las localidades que rodean Valladolid ya suman 100.000 vecinos
- ^ Data from Informe de Datos Económicos y Sociales de los Municipios de España Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, written by Caja España
- ^ Castilla y León Económica, no. 211, February 2013
- ^ World Cup 1982 finals. Rsssf.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-05.
- ^ a b "La plaza de las Ciudades Hermanas de Valladolid". info.valladolid.es (in Spanish). Valladolid. 25 November 2019. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- 20minutos.es. 28 November 2019.
- ^ "Валядолид, Испания". lovech.bg (in Bulgarian). Lovech. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- Bibliography
- Brasas, José Carlos (1981). "Arquitectura ecléctica en Valladolid: la reforma de la Universidad" (PDF). Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología. 47. Valladolid: ISSN 0210-9573.
- Caballero Romero, Sara (2015). "Epigrafía en el Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales de Madrid: el sepulcro de Doña Juana de Austria" (PDF). Ab Initio. 6 (3): 73–92. ISSN 2172-671X. Archived from the original(PDF) on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- Calderón Calderón, Basilio; García Cuesta, José Luis (2014). "Capitalidad política regional y cambios en la estructura urbana de Valladolid (1987-2012)". Estudios Geográficos. 75 (276). Madrid: ISSN 0014-1496.
- Díez Abad, María del Rosario (2004). "La dinámica de la estructura de clases en Valladolid durante el segundo franquismo" (PDF). In Navajas Zubeldia, Carlos (ed.). Actas del IV Simposio de Historia Actual: Logroño, 17-19 de octubre de 2002. Vol. 2. pp. 635–648. Dialnet.
- Domínguez Burrieza, Francisco Javier (2002). "Modesto Coloma: medio siglo de arquitectura civil en Valladolid (1875-1925)" (PDF). Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología. 68. Valladolid: Dialnet.
- García Martín, Enrique (1997). "Edificios históricos del Seminario Diocesano de Valladolid" (PDF). Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología. 63. Valladolid: ISSN 0210-9573.
- Gutiérrez Alonso, Adriano (1986). "Un espectro poco conocido de la crisis del siglo XVII: el endeudamiento municipal: El ejemplo de la ciudad de Valladolid" (PDF). Investigaciones Históricas: Época Moderna y Contemporánea (6): 7–38. ISSN 0210-9425.
- Malveille, François (2004). "Consideraciones vallisoletanas a propósito de la capitalidad de Castilla y León". In Ludec, Nathalie; Dubosquet Lairys, Françoise (eds.). Centros y periferias: prensa, impresos y territorios en el mundo hispánico contemporáneo : homenaje a Jacqueline Covo-Maurice (PDF). pp. 255–269. Dialnet.
- Martín López, María Encarnación (2016). "La memoria del linaje Ansúrez: el sepulcro de Fernando Pérez en Gordaliza del Pino (León)". Documenta & Instrumenta - Documenta et Instrumenta. 14. Madrid: ISSN 1697-4328.
- Martínez Martín, Manuel (2006). "Claves para una tesis: las murallas medievales de Valladolid". Historia Instituciones Documentos (33). Seville: ISSN 0210-7716.
- Martín Montes, Miguel Ángel (1999). "Aproximación a la génesis y desarrollo urbanístico de Valladolid durante la plena Edad Media (Siglos XI-XIII)" (PDF). Codex Aquilarensis: Cuadernos de Investigación del Monasterio de Santa María la Real (15): 153–186. ISSN 0214-896X. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- Moreno, Doris (2018). "El protestantismo castellano revisitado: geografía y recepción". In Boeglin, Michel; Fernández Terricabras, Ignasi; Kahn, David (eds.). Reforma y disidencia religiosa: la recepción de las doctrinas reformadas en la península ibérica en el siglo XVI. Collection de la Casa de Velázquez. Madrid: ISBN 9788490961759.
- Navascués Palacio, Pedro (2002). "La Plaza Mayor en España" (PDF). Papeles de Arquitectura Española. Vol. 5. Ávila: Fundación Cultural Santa Teresa. pp. 1–39. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
- Pastor Coello, Miguel (2014). "Del deterioro del patrimonio a su puesta en valor e inclusión en la planificación turística: el caso de Valladolid". Cuadernos de Turismo (34). ISSN 1139-7861.
- Ruiz, Ana (2013). "Valladolid. Del crecimiento sobre sí misma a la articulación interurbana de fin de siglo". Biblio3W Revista Bibliográfica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales. 18 (1036). Barcelona: ISSN 1138-9796.
- Vega García-Luengos, Germán (1997). "La actividad teatral de la Corte vallisoletana de Felipe III, (1601-1606)" (PDF). In Sabik, Kazimierz (ed.). Actes du Congrès International: Théâtre, Musique et Arts dans les Cours Européennes de la Renaissance et du Baroque. Varsovie, 23-28 septembre 1996. Warsaw: Éditions de l’Université de Varsovie. pp. 205–225.