Valparai
Valparai | |
---|---|
Town | |
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 642127 |
Telephone code | 04253 |
Vehicle registration | TN 41 |
Valparai (originally known as
History
Earliest records of this area are from the year 1846 when K. Ramasamy Mudaliyar started a coffee plantation here. In 1864, the Karnatic Coffee Company began their coffee plantation here but they could not make it profitable, hence they sold part of their land. In 1875, the roads and guest houses were built by soldiers for the visit of England's Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII. Soldiers were posted here and horses and elephants were used for this purpose. However, the visit was eventually cancelled. In 1890, W. Wintil and Nordan bought a huge portion of land in Valparai from the Madras State Government under the British Raj. Wintil deforested the area and planted tea and coffee. He was assisted by Carver Marsh, an experienced planter for a salary of 250 rupees. Valparai receives rainfall throughout the year. The typical temperature range in Valparai is 25 °C (max) to 15 °C (min) in summer and ( and 15 °C (max) to 10 °C (min) in winter.[3]
Geography
Valparai is located at 10°22′N 76°58′E / 10.37°N 76.97°E. It is a mid-elevation hill station (
Climate
Valparai has a mild tropical monsoon climate (Am) with a short dry season and a long rainy season. It is one of the wettest places in Tamil Nadu.
Climate data for Valparai, India (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.6 (81.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.2 (0.40) |
14.7 (0.58) |
94.9 (3.74) |
135.0 (5.31) |
232.9 (9.17) |
672.5 (26.48) |
801.1 (31.54) |
690.6 (27.19) |
418.2 (16.46) |
299.6 (11.80) |
136.6 (5.38) |
31.7 (1.25) |
3,538 (139.3) |
Average rainy days | 0.8 | 1.1 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 10.9 | 23.5 | 25.7 | 22.1 | 18.0 | 15.1 | 8.3 | 2.6 | 140.7 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[5] |
Demographics
According to the
Economy
The economy of Valparai largely depends on plantation crops. Valparai has a high concentration of tea and coffee estates. Most of the people living here work in these estates.[8][9] The Government of Tamil Nadu in collaboration with ITDC initiated the construction of private resort hotels and parks to attract tourists.[10] Valparai is surrounded by many dams and hydro electric power plants. Aliyar Dam is at the foothill of this cluster of mountains. As we go up Upper Aliyar dam is located off the road(which branches off from the main road to Valparai) to Kadampaarai. In Kadamparai there is Kadamparai Dam and beneath the mountain a special kind of power station of TNEB (now TANGEDCO) is located. The road to this Kadamparai Pumped Storage Hydro Electric Power Station branches some 2 miles before and goes through a tunnel which ends up in the vast underground power station complex. The water from the dam flows through one of the dual penstocks and after rotating the turbine it is pumped up to the dam with a powerful motor through the other penstock. Lower Neeraar Dam and Upper Neeraar Vier are located beyond Kadamparai near Kerala border. Tamil Nadu Government's Chinchona estate and factory are located on the road to Neeraar dam. Chinchona is used in the medicine to cure malaria. Sholayaar Dam is located on the western side near Kerala border. It has one power house at the bottom of the dam and the second power house is located few miles away at Manompolli. The water which rotates the turbines goes through the forests in to Parambikulam Dam in Kerala. This water is brought back from Kerala to Tamil Nadu via a tunnel and then the Contour Canal (சமமட்டக் கால்வாய்) which ends up in Upper Aazhiyaar dam.
Transport
Valparai is at a distance of 64 kilometres (40 mi) from
Politics
The
Wildlife
Valparai receives among the highest rainfall in the region during the monsoons (around June). There will be no animals wandering around during the monsoon period (june), mostly wild boar, gaurs, and lion-tail macaques can be noticed. The plantations in the town are surrounded by
The Valparai range is habitat to the Nilgiri tahr, an endemic wild ungulate. These mountain goats inhabit the high ranges and prefer open terrain, cliffs and grass-covered hills, a habitat largely confined to altitudes from 1200 to 2600m in the southern Western Ghats. Their territory extended far and wide all along these hills in the past, but, because of hunting and large-scale habitat destruction, they now exist only in a few isolated sites like the Anaimalai Hills.[14] The human-elephant conflict here is a delicate issue. The tea plantations are a hindrance to the movement of wildlife, particularly elephants who walk large distances to reach water bodies and feeding areas.[15]
Tourist attractions
Valparai will be opening two new tourist attractions for public visitors by January 2021, a botanical garden and a house boat.[16]
References
- ^ a b c "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ "Valparai tea estates". The Hindu. 11 December 2004. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Valparai Heavenly Hill Station". vanakkamindia.com. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Valparai". fallingrain.com. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Station: Valparai Climatological Table 1991–2010". Climatological Normals 1991–2020. India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Valparai". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- ^ "Valparai". valparaiinfo.com. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "About Valparai". valparai.com. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Govt of Tamil Nadu Order". tamilnadutourism.com. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Bio-diversity". Dept of Forests, Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
- ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
- ^ "Niligiri Tahr". The Hindu. 26 February 2006. Archived from the original on 20 June 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
- ^ "Tea plantations hinder elephants". The Hindu. 7 August 2006. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
- ^ "Valparai to launch two new tourist destinations in early 2021".