Vaso Čubrilović

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Vaso Čubrilović
Born(1897-01-14)14 January 1897
Bosanska Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary
Died11 June 1990(1990-06-11) (aged 93)
Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia
NationalitySerbian
CitizenshipYugoslav
Occupation(s)Historian, politician
AwardsOrder of the Yugoslav Star
Academic work
Main interestsSerbian history

Vaso Čubrilović (

the expulsion of the Albanians from Yugoslavia. Two years later, he became a history professor at the University of Belgrade. Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Čubrilović was arrested by the Germans and sent to the Banjica concentration camp
, where he remained imprisoned for much of the war.

As World War II drew to a close, Čubrilović urged the Yugoslav authorities to expel ethnic minorities (particularly Germans and Hungarians) from the country. At war's end, he became a government minister. In his position as Minister of Agriculture, he pushed for the implementation of agricultural reforms. In his later years, he distanced himself from the

Pan-Slav
, and later nationalist, ideologies of his youth and expressed regret over Franz Ferdinand's assassination. At the time of his death, he was the last surviving participant in the conspiracy to kill the Archduke.

Early life

Vaso Čubrilović was born in

Herzegovina Uprising who attended the Congress of Berlin.[2] Čubrilović finished primary school in his hometown.[3] He went on to attend the Tuzla High School but was expelled for refusing to stand during the Austro-Hungarian national anthem. He subsequently enrolled in the sixth class of the Sarajevo Gymnasium.[2]

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and World War I

Čubrilović in Austro-Hungarian police custody, October 1914.

Čubrilović had been a member of

Bosanska Dubica on 3 July.[5] The main conspirators were tried in a military prison in Sarajevo. The state attorney charged twenty-two of the accused with high treason and murder and three with complicity to commit murder. The trial began on 12 October and lasted until 23 October. Čubrilović was only 17 years and six months old at the time.[6] The Čubrilović brothers, Ivo Kranjčević and Neđo Kerović were defended by the lawyer Rudolf Zistler.[6] At the trial, Čubrilović stated that the mistreatment of South Slavs by the Habsburgs motivated him to take part in the plot.[7] "I can state that the monarchy is ruled by the Germans and the Magyars while the Slavs are oppressed," he said.[7] Asked if he identified as a Serb or a Croat, Čubrilović declared himself a Serbo-Croat. "It means I don't consider myself solely a Serb," he explained, "but that I must work for Croatia as well as for Serbia."[8] Though the trial ended on 23 October, sentencing did not occur until five days later. Čubrilović was convicted of treason and given a sixteen-year sentence.[9] He had initially been sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. When asked his religious beliefs, he identified as an atheist, prompting the judges to add another three years.[10] A further three were added after he refused to express remorse for the Archduke's death and blamed Austria-Hungary for starting the war.[11] His brother Veljko was sentenced to death and hanged.[12]

Čubrilović was initially sent to serve out his sentence in Zenica prison.[13] On 2 March, he and some of his co-conspirators were relocated to the Möllersdorf military prison, near Vienna.[14] They were re-tried in Travnik on 14 June 1915, and had several years added to their sentences.[15] Čubrilović was subsequently moved back to Möllersdorf. On 13 September 1917, the authorities decided to move almost all the surviving conspirators to Zenica prison. He remained imprisoned in Zenica until the end of the war.[16]

Interwar period

Čubrilović completed his high school education in Sarajevo in 1919. First, he enrolled at the

Ph.D at the University of Belgrade with a thesis titled "The Bosnian Uprising 1875–1878". In the meantime, he had worked as a history teacher at high schools in Sremska Mitrovica, Sarajevo and Belgrade. The historian Vladimir Ćorović subsequently selected Čubrilović as his personal assistant. In 1934, Čubrilović became a docent at the university. From 1921 to 1939, he was an active member of the Agrarian Party.[3]

In 1937, Čubrilović delivered a lecture to the

colonize parts of Kosovo as he felt they were ineffective.[18][a] Čubrilović also criticized the government for not having seized the opportunity presented by a 1918–21 revolt among Kosovo Albanians to force them out of the region. He stated that the benefits of the forced expulsion of Albanians outweighed any risk since "a threat to Yugoslav security would be removed". He reasoned: "At a time when Germany can expel tens of thousands of Jews and Russia can shift millions of people from one part of the continent to another, the shifting of a few Albanians will not lead to the outbreak of a world war."[18] The content of the lecture was preserved in writing, came into the possession of Yugoslavia's military intelligence service and was preserved at the Military Archive in Belgrade.[21] In the ensuing decades, Albanian historians have referred to it as evidence of a plot to evict Kosovo's Albanian population, usually claiming it was written at the request of the Yugoslav General Staff. However, there is no evidence to this effect.[21] Professor Sabrina P. Ramet doubts the lecture had much influence on the Yugoslav authorities, who were already long committed to seeing Kosovo Albanians leave the province and emigrate to Turkey.[19]

World War II and later life

In 1939, Čubrilović became a professor at the University of Belgrade.

mass expulsion of Germans from other parts of Central and Eastern Europe.[20]

In early 1945, Čubrilović was appointed Minister of Agriculture in Tito's government.

Yugoslav Presidency awarded Čubrilović the Order of the Yugoslav Star.[31] Čubrilović died in Belgrade on 11 June 1990, aged 93.[1] At the time of his death, he was the last surviving participant in the conspiracy to kill Franz Ferdinand.[29] He is interred at the Alley of Distinguished Citizens in Belgrade's New Cemetery
.

Works

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Between 1918 and 1945, about 45,000 Albanians left Kosovo, mostly to Turkey. They were replaced by 60,000 Serb settlers in the interwar period.[19] Tens of thousands of these settlers were expelled by the Albanians during World War II and were not allowed to return to Kosovo by Tito's post-war government.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Elsie 2010, p. 69.
  2. ^ a b Dedijer 1966, p. 304.
  3. ^ a b c Matica Srpska 1997, p. 3.
  4. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 314.
  5. ^ Dedijer 1966, pp. 332–333.
  6. ^ a b Dedijer 1966, p. 336.
  7. ^ a b Dedijer 1966, p. 338.
  8. ^ Hoare 2007, p. 90.
  9. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 346.
  10. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 212.
  11. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 341.
  12. ^ Carmichael 2015, p. 55.
  13. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 351.
  14. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 353.
  15. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 347.
  16. ^ Dedijer 1966, p. 361.
  17. ^ Judah 2000, p. 149.
  18. ^ a b Judah 2002, p. 23.
  19. ^ a b Ramet 2006, p. 100.
  20. ^ a b c Judah 2000, p. 150.
  21. ^ a b Bjelajac 2007, p. 223.
  22. ^ a b c Matica Srpska 1997, p. 4.
  23. ^ Nešović 1981, p. 728.
  24. ^ a b Carmichael 2015, p. 63.
  25. ^ Judah 2002, pp. 31–32.
  26. ^ Hoare 2007, p. 311.
  27. ^ Bokovoy 1998, pp. 45, 61.
  28. ^ "Academician Prof. Dr. Vaso Čubrilović". University of Banja Luka. Archived from the original on 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2015-11-21.
  29. ^ a b Sugar 1999, p. 70.
  30. ^ Pavlowitch 2002, p. 191, note 4.
  31. ^ Gaber & Kuzmanić 1989, p. 51.
  32. ^ a b c d Balkanika 2000, p. 146.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h Čubrilović 1983.
  34. ^ a b Svetlišić & Krajšić 1997.
  35. ^ Balkanika 2000, p. 1.
  36. ^ a b c Balkanika 2000, p. 157.
  37. ^ Balkanika 2000, p. 153.
  38. ^ a b Balkanika 2000, p. 154.
  39. ^ Matković 1956, p. 215.
  40. ^ a b Balkanika 2000, p. 160.
  41. ^ Balkanika 2000, p. 164.
  42. ^ Jović 2007, p. 31.
  43. ^ Balkanika 2000, p. 152.
  44. ^ Rastoder 2013, p. 389.
  45. ^ Balkanika 2000, p. 162.
  46. ^ Dragović & 23. 9. 2016.
  47. ^ Balkanika 2000, p. 151.

Sources

External links
Political offices
New title Minister of Agriculture
1946–47 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Forestry
1946–50 		Succeeded by
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