Vaud
Vaud
| |
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Canton of Vaud Canton de Vaud (French) | |
Coat of arms | |
Motto(s): Liberté et patrie ("Freedom and fatherland") | |
Anthem: Hymne vaudois ("The Vaudese Anthem") | |
Joined | 1803 |
Languages | French |
Website | www |
Vaud (
Vaud is the third largest canton of the country by population and fourth by size. It is located in Romandy, the French-speaking western part of the country, and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north, the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east, the canton of Valais to the south, the canton of Geneva to the south-west, and France to the west. The geography of the canton includes all three natural regions of Switzerland: the Jura Mountains, the Swiss Plateau, and the (Swiss) Alps. It also includes some of the largest lakes of the country: Lake Geneva and Lake Neuchâtel. It is a major tourist destination, renowned for its landscapes and gastronomy.
The largest city is Lausanne, followed by Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux. As of 2020, the canton has a population of 814,762.[2] It is one of the four cantons where French is the sole official language, and it is the canton with the largest number of French speakers. Formerly a Bernese bailiwick, Vaud joined the Swiss Confederation as an independent canton in 1803.
History
Humans lived alongside the Vaud lakes in prehistoric times. Later, the
While the exact date of the founding of Aventicum is not exact, it was likely established during or shortly after Augustus' reign. There are still many Roman remains around the town today. Between the 2nd and the 4th centuries
As the power of the
The Bernese occupiers were not popular amongst the population. In 1723 Major
In the 19th century, the canton of Vaud was an outspoken opponent of the
The current cantonal constitution dates from 14 April 2003, replacing the constitution of 1885.[9]
Geography
The canton stretches from
. The total area is 3,212 square kilometres (1,240 sq mi).Along with the canton of Berne, Vaud is one of the two cantons whose territory extends from the Jura to the Alps, through the three distinct geographic regions of Switzerland.
The areas in the south east are mountainous, situated on the north side of the
The central area of the canton, in contrast, consists of
The north-western part of the canton is also mountainous but in a more modest way with mountains generally not above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft); the
Politics
Members of the national council
Source:[12]
UDC members | PS members | PES members | PLR members
|
PDC members | PVL member(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michaël Buffat | Pierre-Yves Maillard | Daniel Brélaz | Laurent Wehrli | Claude Béglé | François Pointet |
Alice Glauser-Zufferey | Ada Marra | Valentine Python | Jaqueline de Quattro | --- | --- |
Jean-Pierre Grin-Hofmann | Roger Nordmann | Sophie Michaud Gigon | Olivier Feller | --- | --- |
Jacques Nicolet | Brigitte Crottaz | Leonore Porchet | Isabelle Moret | --- | --- |
Members of the council of states
Source:[13]
PS member(s) | PLR member(s) |
---|---|
Adèle Thorens | Olivier Français |
Federal election results
Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the National Council Elections 1971–2019 [14] [15] | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Ideology | 1971 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 | 2015 | 2019 | ||
FDP.The Liberalsa
|
Classical liberalism | 26.0 | 25.6 | 27.1 | 30.4 | 27.6 | 26.4 | 23.5 | 25.0 | 18.5 | 14.6 | 16.3 | 26.8 | 23.3 | ||
CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD | Christian democracy | 5.3 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 2.4 | ||
SP/PS | Social democracy | 25.0 | 27.6 | 24.9 | 21.9 | 22.5 | 22.9 | 22.7 | 22.4 | 21.7 | 22.0 | 25.2 | 22.2 | 20.4 | ||
SVP/UDC | Swiss nationalism |
7.7 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 10.7 | 20.3 | 22.4 | 22.9 | 22.6 | 17.4 | ||
LPS/PLS | Swiss Liberal |
12.4 | 13.6 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 11.1 | 8.1 | 5.7 | c | * | ||
Ring of Independents | Social liberalism | 4.1 | 1.6 | 0.8 | * b | * | 0.9 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
EVP/PEV | Christian democracy | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 | ||
GLP/PVL | Green liberalism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 5.1 | 3.9 | 8.4 | ||
BDP/PBD | Conservatism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.4 | ||
PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL | Socialism | 12.2 | 10.7 | 9.3 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 2.1 | * | 4.1 | ||
GPS/PES | Green politics | * | 1.0 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 7.1 | 11.3 | 14.3 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 19.7 | ||
FGA | Feminist | * | * | * | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.6 | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
Solidarity | Anti-capitalism | * | * | * | * | * | * | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.9 | * | ||
SD/DS | National conservatism | 4.2 | 1.6 | * | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | * | ||
Rep. | Right-wing populism | 2.9 | 3.1 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
EDU/UDF | Christian right | * | 1.0 | * | * | 1.1 | * | 2.7 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 | ||
FPS/PSL | Right-wing populism | * | * | * | * | * | 2.5 | * | * | * | * | * | 0.0 | * | ||
MCR
|
Right-wing populism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0.5 | * | * | ||
Other | * | 1.6 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 2.3 | |||
Voter participation % | 45.9 | 43.5 | 37.3 | 40.2 | 37.4 | 37.4 | 32.9 | 31.5 | 42.7 | 44.3 | 41.6 | 42.9 | 41.4 |
- ^a before 2009: FDP; since 2009: FDP.The Liberals
- ^b "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
- ^c Part of the FDP for this election
Political subdivisions
Districts
The canton of Vaud is divided into 10 districts:
- Aigle with capital Aigle
- Broye-Vully with capital Payerne
- Gros-de-Vaud with capital Échallens
- Jura-Nord vaudois with capital Yverdon-les-Bains
- Lausanne with capital Lausanne
- Lavaux-Oron with capital Cully
- Morges with capital Morges
- Nyon with capital Nyon
- Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut with capital Vevey
- Ouest Lausannois with capital Renens
Municipalities
There are 300 municipalities in the canton (As of 2022[update]).
Demographics
The population is
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) was 814,762.
Languages
Main languages spoken at home in the canton (2020):[18]
French: 82.40%
English: 9.10%
Portuguese: 7.51%
German: 5.15%
Italian: 5.00%
Spanish: 3.88%
Albanian: 2.37%
South Slavic languages: 1.61%
Other languages: 6.75%
Note: Respondents were permitted to choose more than one language.
Economy
The
The canton is the second-largest producer of
The Union Cycliste Internationale is based in Aigle, and many of its defamation lawsuits against critics have been heard in the Est Vaudois district court of Vevey.[19]
Education
Two Swiss public universities are located within the canton:
Additionally, there are several public hautes écoles offering a limited selection of programmes:
- Haute école d'art et de design (ECAL)
- Vaud School of Business and Engineering (HEIG-VD)
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland(HES-SO)
- Haute École de Santé La Source (HEdS-La Source)
- Haute École de travail social et de la santé (EESP)
- École hôtelière de Lausanne (EHL)
- Changins
- Haute école des arts et de la scène (Manufacture)
- Haute École de Santé Vaud (HESAV)
- Haute école de musique (HEMU)
- Haute école pédagogique du Canton de Vaud (HEP Vaud)
Gastronomy
The canton is often referred to as the "culinary capital of Switzerland" and is renowned for its many cheeses, wines and charcuterie.[20] It is also home to a high number of gourmet restaurants, such as the Hôtel de ville in Crissier, founded by Frédy Girardet.
Papet Vaudois is a very popular dish of the canton. It consists of potatoes and leeks accompanied by regional sausages, notably Saucisse aux choux. Taillé aux greubons are a salted bakery specialty of the region consisting of crackling encased in puff pastry. Another of the canton's specialties is carac, a sweet tart consisting of a sweetcrust pastry case (pâte sucrée) filled with chocolate ganache, covered by a characteristic green icing or fondant layer topped with a dot of chocolate.[21]
Notable people
- Caroline Amiguet (born 1977), French actress and model
- Brigitte Balleys (born 1959) a Swiss mezzo-soprano in opera and concert.
- Raymond Burki (1949 in Épalinges – 2016) a Swiss cartoonist.
- Henri Dès (born 1940 in Renens) a Swiss French-language children's singer and songwriter
- Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros (1748 in Moudon – 1810) a Swiss painter, watercolourist and engraver
- Nicholas II of Russiafrom 1905 to 1918.
- Marcel Regamey (1905–1982), Swiss essayist and journalist
- Flore Revalles (1889 in Rolle – 1966) a Swiss entertainer, singer and dancer
- Anatoly Shteiger (1907 — 1944 in Leysin) a Russian poet
- Gabriel Tschumi (1883 in Moudon – 1957) Master Chef to Queen Victoria, Kings Edward VII and George V.
- Jean-Louis Wagnière (1739 in Rueyres – 1802) Voltaire's secretary from 1756 to 1778.
- Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery (1720 at Morges - 1776) royal Prussian colonel, later a royal Polish general.
See also
- Franco-Provençal language
- Lausanne campus
- List of mountains of Vaud
Notes and references
- ^ Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen accessed 27 October 2017
- ^ a b c "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). "Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle". Bundesamt für Statistik (in German). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ "Le français est la "langue officielle" du canton de Vaud..." Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ "Canton de Vaud (Confédération suisse)". Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ "Article 3 : Langue officielle". Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- Arpitan: (Quenton de) Vôd), Brochure "The Canton of Vaud", Office of Information and Communications (BIC). Retrieved 29 January 2021
- ^ Histoire de la Suisse, Éditions Fragnière, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- ^ "Les 10 ans de la constitution: Canton de Vaud : site officiel". Vd.ch. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ "Vaud.ch - Bienvenue dans le canton de Vaud".
- ^ "Watch Valley - Home". Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
- ^ The Swiss Parliament. "Members of the National Council: Canton of Vaud". Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ The Swiss Parliament. "Members of the Council of States: Canton of Vaud". Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ "Federal election year – Election website of the FSO - Canton of Vaud". Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2004). "Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion". Archived from the original (Interactive Map) on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
- ^ Canton de Vaud (2010). "International website for the promotion of the canton of Vaud - Population and social life". Retrieved 23 May 2010.
- ^ "Langues".
- ^ Vaughters defends Kimmage ahead of UCI case, Daniel Benson, cyclingnews.com, 28 September 2012
- ^ Lake Geneva Region: Switzerland's gastronomic capital, greatbritishchefs.com. Retrieved 2020-0123
- ^ "Carac". www.patrimoineculinaire.ch (in French). Retrieved 29 July 2019.
Bibliography
- (in French) Laurent Flutsch and Séverine André (with the collaboration of Bernadette Gross), Y en a point comme nous. Un portrait des Vaudois aujourd'hui [There are none like us. A portrait of the Vaudois of today], Éditions Infolio, 2015, 368 pages (ISBN 9782884747615).
External links
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 953–954.
- (in French) Cantonal government
- Vaud Tourist Office
- Official Statistics Vaud (SCRIS)
- Official statistics
- Vaud Directory (in French)
- The canton of Vaud in 2015