Venda
Republic of Venda Riphabuliki ya Venḓa ( Afrikaans ) | |||||||||
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1979–1994 | |||||||||
Motto: "Shumela Venda" ( Afrikaans[1] | |||||||||
President | |||||||||
• 1979–1988 | Patrick Mphephu | ||||||||
• 1988–1990 | Frank Ravele | ||||||||
Head of State | |||||||||
• 1990–1994 | Gabriel Ramushwana | ||||||||
• Jan–Apr 1994 | Tshamano Ramabulana | ||||||||
Legislature | Legislative Assembly | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Self-government | 1 February 1973 | ||||||||
• Nominal independence | 13 September 1979 | ||||||||
5 April 1990 | |||||||||
• Dissolution | 27 April 1994 | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
1980[2] | 7,410 km2 (2,860 sq mi) | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1980[2] | 315,545 | ||||||||
• 1991[3] | 558,797 | ||||||||
Currency | South African rand | ||||||||
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Venda (
History
Historical states in present-day South Africa |
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South Africa portal |
Venda was declared
Venda was initially a series of non-contiguous territories in the
At independence in 1979, the population of Venda stood at about 200,000 people. The state was cut off from neighbouring Zimbabwe by the Madimbo corridor, patrolled by South African troops, to the north, and from nearby Mozambique by the Kruger National Park.[4]
The first President of Venda, Patrick Mphephu, was also a Paramount Chief of the Vhavenda people; he was born and lived in Dzanani in Limpopo. His successor, Frank Ravele, was overthrown in a military coup by the Venda Defence Force in 1990. Afterwards, the territory was ruled by the Council of National Unity, a military junta chaired by General Gabriel Ramushwana. Venda was re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994.[5]
Institutions of education
In 1982, the University of Venda, known as Univen, was established as an institution of higher learning for the Vhavenda people.[9]
Districts in 1991
Districts of the province and population at the 1991 census.[3]
- Dzanani: 123,035
- Mutale: 244,532
- Thohoyandou: 136,089
- Vuwani: 55,141
Security forces
The Venda National Force was established with Venda's independence in 1979 and included defence and other services such as police and prisons. Strangely enough, traffic policing was part of this national force, but, by 1981, it was transferred to the Department of Justice. The Fire Brigade was, however, still part of the Venda National Force, although there were plans to transfer this to the civilian government.
See also
- Heads of State of Venda
- Venda people (Vhavenda), the ethnic group who live mostly in the Limpopo province in South Africa.
- Venda Defence Force
References
- ^ a b c Chapter 2, Section 6, Republic of Venda Constitution Act 1979 "Luvenda, English and Afrikaans shall be the official languages of the Republic of Venda"
- ISBN 978-1-57607-674-3. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Census > 1991 > Venda > Variable Description > ... > District code". Statistics South Africa – Nesstar WebView. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
- ^ a b c Lahiff, p. 55.
- ^ a b Worldstatesman.com has a chronology of Venda's transition to nominal independence and reintegration into South Africa.
- ^ a b c Elections in South Africa's Apartheid-Era Homelands "Bantustans" African Elections Database
- Time Magazine, 24 September 1979
- ^ "S. Africa Launches 'Independent Black State' of Venda," in The Washington Post, 13 September 1979.
- ^ University of Venda website Archived 4 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
Sources
- Lahiff, E. (2000) An Apartheid Oasis?: Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods in Venda, Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5137-0.