Vermilion Cliffs National Monument

Vermilion Cliffs National Monument
Vermilion Cliffs National Monument
	U.S. Bureau of Land Management
Website	https://www.blm.gov/national-conservation-lands/arizona/vermilion-cliffs/
U.S. National Monument

Vermilion Cliffs National Monument is located in northern

Paria Canyon

. Elevations in the monument range from 3,100 feet to 6,500 feet above sea level (944 to 1,981 meters).

Creation and designation

Established on November 9, 2000 by a presidential proclamation by President

U.S. Department of the Interior

. The Vermilion Cliffs themselves run along the southern and eastern edges of the monument. Much of the monument's land consists of the Paria Plateau, a flat area extending northward from the tops of the cliffs.

Vermilion Cliffs

The Vermilion Cliffs are steep eroded escarpments consisting primarily of

sedimentary rocks have been deeply eroded for millions of years, exposing hundreds of layers of richly colored rock strata. Mesas, buttes

, and large tablelands are interspersed with steep canyons, where some small streams provide enough moisture to support a sampling of wildlife.

Flora and fauna

More than twenty species of

flannelmouth sucker and the speckled dace live in the streams of the monument. The Welsh's milkweed Asclepias welshii, a threatened

plant species that grows on sand dunes and helps stabilize them, is known to exist only in the monument and one other area in neighboring Utah.

Human settlements

Human settlement in the region dates back 12,000 years, and hundreds of Native American pueblos are spread across the monument. The remains of the natives' villages, with houses, granaries, burial areas, and associated ruins, can be found here. The monument also contains one of the largest number of rock art sites in any nationally protected area. Many of these petroglyphs are believed to be among the oldest in the United States.

The first explorers into the region were Spanish

Mormon explorers searched the region during the 1860s, some of them settling on land that is now within the monument. They built one of the first ferry crossings on the Colorado River in 1871. That same year, John Wesley Powell ventured through this region during his scientific explorations of the Colorado River plateau

.

Below the Vermilion cliffs runs the historic "Honeymoon Trail", a wagon route for Mormons who journeyed to have their marriages sealed in the temple at St. George, Utah, and then to return. The route, through remote country, was otherwise seldom used. Historical markers denote this history.

Today, the region surrounding the monument is relatively unspoiled with virtually no permanent inhabitants remaining and limited road access.

References

^ ^a ^b "National Monument detail table as of April 2012" (PDF). Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
^ "Proclamation 7374 – Vermilion Cliffs National Monument" (PDF). United States Statutes at Large, volume 114, page 3422. U.S. Government Printing Office.
^ "Press release" (PDF). Grand Canyon Trust.org. November 9, 2000. Retrieved 2009-06-20. ^{[dead link]}
^ "California Condor Reintroduction & Recovery". National Park Service. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

External links

[blm_details-1] "National Monument detail table as of April 2012" (PDF). Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved 2012-12-27.

[2] "Proclamation 7374 – Vermilion Cliffs National Monument" (PDF). United States Statutes at Large, volume 114, page 3422. U.S. Government Printing Office.

[3] "Press release" (PDF). Grand Canyon Trust.org. November 9, 2000. Retrieved 2009-06-20. ^{[dead link]}

[4] "California Condor Reintroduction & Recovery". National Park Service. Retrieved 7 December 2023.