Vernonia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the town, see Vernonia, Oregon.

Vernonia
Vernonia baldwinii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Vernonioideae
Tribe: Vernonieae
Genus: Vernonia
Schreb.
Species

See list of Vernonia species

Synonyms[1]
List
    • Dolosanthus Klatt
    • Eremosis (DC.) Gleason
    • Baccharodes L. ex Kuntze
    • Bracheilema R.Br. ex R.Br.
    • Lessingianthus subg. Oligocephalus H.Rob.
    • Triplotaxis Hutch.
    • Leiboldia Schltdl. ex Gleason
    • Behen Hill
    • Punduana Steetz
    • Cheliusia Sch.Bip. ex Sch.Bip.
    • Aostea Buscal. & Muschl.
    • Claotrachelus Zoll. & Moritz ex Zoll.
    • Cyanopis Blume

Vernonia is a genus of about 350

sensu stricto, seventeen of which are in North America north of Mexico, with the others being found in South America.[4]

Taxonomy

The genus was

Gen. Pl. ed. 8[a]. vol.2 on page 541 in 1791.[2]

The genus name of Vernonia is in honour of William Vernon (1666/67 - ca.1711), who was an English plant collector, (

Cambridge University, who collected in Maryland, USA in 1698.[5][6]

Species

Main article: List of Vernonia species
Vernonia altissima
Vernonia capensis
Vernonia galamensis

Species of this genus are found in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and North America. Vernonia species are well known for hybridizing between similar species in areas of overlapping ranges. There are approximately 350 species in the genus.[2] A selected list is given below.

North America

South America

Africa

Asia

Uses

Several species of Vernonia, including

egusi soup
.

oilseed in East Africa. It is grown in many parts of Ethiopia, especially around the city of Harar, with an average seed yield of 2 to 2.5 t/ha. It is reported that the Ethiopian strains of Vernonia have the highest oil content, up to 41.9% with up to 80% vernolic acid, and is used in paint formulations, coatings plasticizers, and as a reagent for many industrial chemicals.[9]

Vernonia amygdalina is used in traditional herbal medicine. These leaves are exported from several African countries and can be purchased in grocery stores aiming to serve African clients. In Brazil, V. condensata is commonly known as "figatil" or "necroton" and used in local traditional medicine.[10]

Ecology

Ananthagiri Hills, in Ranga Reddy district of Andhra Pradesh, India
Vernonia cinerea) in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
.

Vernonia species are used as food plants by the

Burma, according to Menninger, "climbs into the tops of trees"[12] and could be even taller. The leaves can vary from quite small up to four feet (1.2 meters) long by up to 15 inches (38 centimeters) in width in the case of Vernonia conferta of Cameroon. [13]

References

  1. ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ^ a b c d "Vernonia Schreb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  3. ^ Harold Robinson (1999). "Generic and Subtribal Classification of American Vernonieae" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 89. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  4. ^ Flora of North America: Vernonia
  5. S2CID 246307410
    .
  6. ^ "Vernon, William (c. 1666-1711) on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  7. ^ Flora of North America: Vernonia gigantea
  8. ^ Veronia calvoana, Plant Encyclopedia
  9. ^ "Alamata Pilot Learning Site Diagnosis and Program Design" Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine IPMS Information Resources Portal - Ethiopia (23 June 2005), p. 12 (accessed 3 March 2009)
  10. PMID 24489987
    .
  11. ^ Schemper "Plant Geography on a Physiological Basis p. 313 and figure 203 with caption
  12. ^ Menninger, Edwin A. Hon.D.Sc (1970). Flowering Vines of the World. New York: Hearthside Press. p. 141.
  13. ^ Karsten and Schenk, Vegetationsbilder, (1911) Volume 8 Plate 40 with caption
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