Vespertine
Vespertine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Studio album by | ||||
Released | 27 August 2001 | |||
Recorded | 1999–2001 | |||
Studio |
| |||
Genre |
| |||
Length | 55:33 | |||
Label |
| |||
Producer |
| |||
Björk chronology | ||||
| ||||
Singles from Vespertine | ||||
|
Vespertine is the fourth studio album by Icelandic recording artist Björk.[nb 1] It was released on 27 August 2001 in the United Kingdom by One Little Indian Records and in the United States by Elektra Entertainment. Björk aspired to create an album with minimal and intricate electronic music to evoke an intimate and domestic feeling, in contrast with the louder styles of her previous studio album Homogenic (1997). She enlisted producers such as Opiate, Console and the duo Matmos, and has also worked with harpist Zeena Parkins. Production on the album began whilst filming her role in Dancer in the Dark.
Björk composed arrangements with thin-sounding instruments, including the harp, the celesta, clavichord, strings and custom music boxes. Assisted by Matmos, Björk created "microbeats" from various commonplace sounds, such as that of shuffling cards and ice being cracked. Lyrically, the album revolves around Björk's new relationship with Matthew Barney, featuring themes of sex and love. Other lyrical sources include the poetry of E. E. Cummings and British playwright Sarah Kane's Crave. Three singles were released from Vespertine: "Hidden Place", "Pagan Poetry", and "Cocoon". The music videos of the latter two were banned on MTV for their depictions of sexuality. Björk embarked on the Vespertine world tour with Parkins, Matmos, and a choir of Inuit women, where they performed at theatres and small venues in favor of acoustics.
The album peaked at number 19 on the
Conceptualisation
Björk had released her previous studio album,
She initially set about making a record with a domestic mood featuring "everyday moods and everyday noises translating into melodies and beats",[8] hence its working title Domestika.[2] Marius de Vries told Sound on Sound that the project was driven by an "overriding aesthetic of being homely and comfortable", which had "all to do with Björk wanting to make a record as a reaction to the wanderings and the pain she experienced making Dancer in the Dark… [and coming back] after you've wandered."[13] Björk's initial idea was also to "celebrat[e] the banalities of everyday life."[14] For example, the title track "Domestica", originally titled "Lost Keys", was meant to be a "gentle, humorous snapshot" of Björk looking for her keys.[14]
Her new relationship with artist Matthew Barney, and the tension while filming Dancer in the Dark, have been referred to as the two major forces that shaped what would become Vespertine.[2] Her relationship with Barney influenced her lyrics, which were now more intimate, detailed, and revealing as opposed to those of her past works.[15] A particular example is "Cocoon", which is sexually explicit.[10] As the process of filming demanded that she be extroverted, the new music she was creating became hushed and tranquil as a way to escape.[2]
The eventual title change of the record reveals its changing nature. Writer and critic Mark Pytlik notes that, "where [Domestika] signified a focus of extracting magic from the platitudes of everyday life, [Vespertine] [...] suggested a creation of magic through much more powerful forces. In fine style, Björk had set out to write an album about making sandwiches.
Recording
The earliest sessions took place in Spain with programmer Jake Davies.[13] Björk commissioned Valgeir Sigurðsson to relocate some of his studio equipment from Iceland to Denmark where Dancer in the Dark was being filmed.[2] While living in Copenhagen, she also contacted the electronic musician Thomas Knak (also known as Opiate), after having enjoyed his 1999 album Objects for an Ideal Home.[17]
In Iceland, programmers Jake Davies and Marius de Vries joined Björk for a writing session, laying down more tracks, in addition to nine already mixed.
"Undo" was written during a two-week session with Knak that January in Reykjavík. Björk recorded her vocals on top of Knak's minimalist rhythmic backbone, and months later she had added a full choir and string section.[18][19] "Cocoon", also produced by Knak, was one of the last songs to be written for the album; its melody suddenly came to Björk and she contacted him.[19] Knak took it as a chance to make a more minimal track, similar to his own releases.[19] Björk contacted Console in early 2000 and they met in London; she then added her vocals on top.[18]
"Heirloom" was based on an existing instrumental track from electronic musician Console's album Rocket in the Pocket (1998), titled "Crabcraft" (which itself samples Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark's "Sacred Heart").[20] During this period, Björk also worked with Bogdan Raczynski on the song "Who Is It", but it did not make the final cut and was subsequently re-recorded for the album Medúlla.[19] Björk said that she worked on Vespertine for three years.[21]
Instrumentation
As she wanted to write her own songs on music boxes, Björk contacted a music box company requesting transparent acrylic boxes because she wanted the sound to be "as hard as possible, like it was frozen".[22] Björk decided to use sounds that would not be compromised when downloaded from sites such as Napster, such as "microbeat[s]", whispered vocals, the harp, music box, celeste, clavichord, and strings which "ended up being more panoramic textures in the background."[11] For the string and music box arrangements, she used Sibelius scorewriter software.[23]
For Vespertine, Björk wanted to make a "microcosmos of thirty or forty beats interacting".
Composition
"The Björkian soundfield is much as it always is: skittering rhythms, warm keyboard tones, discreet "laptronic" pulses, plinking harps and swooshing strings, a general meshing of organic and synthetic textures. But her unique sonic palette is harnessed here in the service of hushed awe: womblike intimacy and occasional ecstasy."
—
Björk has stated that she wanted the album to sound like "modern chamber music", referring to the times where "the most ideal music situation was in the home, where people would play harps for each other".[26][27] She also considers Vespertine to be the opposite of her previous studio album Homogenic, the former being an introverted, quiet, winter record; the latter a loud, dramatic, summer record.[6] Björk has also described the album as "more electronic folk music".[8]
Critics have classified Vespertine as
Stylistically, Vespertine incorporates elements of both art and dance music.[42] For example, the instrumentation of choir, strings, and harp is suggestive of Romantic art music, while the "synthesised keyboard sonorities, filtering effects and complex percussive sounds" are elements characteristic of dance-based pop.[42] Academic Nicola Dibben wrote that its "classical and dance-based elements" combine "the spiritual and the sensual" allusions of the album.[42]
Vespertine is also characterised by "the obsession with sonic traces of analog technology – that is, the pervasive use of loops, static and white noise".[43] Unlike previous albums like Debut and Post, "electronic sounds are the norm, and the acoustic sounds become the interjections."[43] Influenced by the 1999 album New Ancient Strings, a recording of kora duets by Toumani Diabaté with Ballaké Sissoko,[nb 3] Björk said she "messed up the sound of too angelic instruments, like the harp or the glockenspiel" on Vespertine.[45] Björk's voice is used as a supplement to "the complex electronic textures".[43] Her vocals often appear to be recorded close to the microphone and with little treatment, and sung in a sometimes "unstable whisper", conveying a sense of close proximity and reduced space suitable for the intimate lyrics.[46]
Songs
Tracks 1-6
The album opens with "Hidden Place", which features a soprano section and strings, "over the top of a warm, intimate melody".[48] Michael Hubbard of musicOMH felt the track was reminiscent of Homogenic's "Hunter", but less focused on the beats.[48] NME called it progressive folk,[49] while Drowned in Sound wrote it was electro.[50] Björk sings about "how two people can create a paradise just by uniting", as she intones: "I'm so close to tears/And so close to/Simply calling you up/And simply suggesting/We go to that hidden place".[51] "Cocoon" is "based around an exploratory bassline and beats that sound like fingertips on skin".[52] Discussing the glitch nature of the track, Björk said, "when you take technology and use the areas where it breaks, where it's faulty, you're entering a mystery zone where you can't control it".[53] Lyrically revolving around making love, the song alternates between metaphors like "Who would have known/That a boy like him/Would have entered me lightly/Restoring my blisses", and explicit lines such as "He slides inside/Half awake, half asleep" and "Gorgeousness/He's still inside me".[52] Björk sings a breathy, "whispered, near-cracking falsetto" on the track.[52]
"It's Not Up to You" has been described as a "dizzying ballad" and a song that lifts the album upward.
Tracks 7-12
"Frosti" fades into "Aurora", while "a warm, faintly crunchy sound" is heard.
"Heirloom" alters "between what sounds like a samba preset on a vintage Wurlitzer organ and skittering breakbeats, and is decorated with inverted synthtones and analog keyboards".[66] The song's lyrics tell a "fuzzy story" about a recurring dream,[51] while "[likening] the art of singing to swallowing and exhaling 'glowing lights'" as Björk sings: "During the night/They do a trapeze walk/Until they're in the sky/Right above my bed".[33] Film director Harmony Korine wrote "Harm of Will"'s lyrics. The Slate album review noted the minimalist nature of the track, pointing out a lack of hook, beat and melody.[67] It is a slow song, as is the closing track, "Unison".[68] The latter "[contains] a refrain directly inspired by [Björk's] experience in Dancer in the Dark and a healthy dollop of self-effacing humor evoked to counter the balance".[58] It "brings beats and strings together in a final crescendo that also manages to incorporate a little jungle".[69]
Artwork
The album's ethereal artwork mirrors its "delicacy and introverted romance".[70] The cover art, shot by Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin in Los Angeles, California, is a black and white photograph of Björk lying down on the patterned ground next to a swimming pool, covering her eyes from the sun and wearing the Marjan Pejoski swan dress that she wore at the 73rd Academy Awards in 2001,[nb 4] which caused a media frenzy and was widely criticised.[71][72]
The duo M/M (Paris), known for applying and integrating their work on photographs (so called dessin dans l'image, or "drawings in the picture"),[73] illustrated the cover, featuring a swan and the album's title with feathers. Björk thought swans embodied Vespertine's music, describing them as "a white, sort of winter bird" and "very romantic".[74] Vespertine came with a booklet of M/M (Paris) artwork.[75] Michael Hubbard of musicOMH commented, "the spine of the CD is entirely white, while the rest of the sleeve features innovative photography and artwork".[48] Academic Nicola Dibben has likened Vespertine's artwork and promotion to representations of the Greek myth of Leda and the Swan, emphazising the erotic overtones of both.[42]
Release and promotion
Vespertine was released later than
Appearances
Together,
Singles
Hidden Place
On 6 August 2001, "
The music video for "Hidden Place" was directed by
Pagan Poetry
"Pagan Poetry", was released on 5 November 2001 as two CDs and a DVD, featuring a remix by Matthew Herbert, "Domestica", "Batabid", an Opiate remix of "Aurora", and the music video for "Pagan Poetry".[92][93]
Cocoon
"Cocoon", the album's third single, was released on 11 March 2002. Its music video had premiered in February.[98] Once again, the single was released as two separate CDs and a DVD, with "Pagan Poetry", "Sun in My Mouth" and "Amphibian" as B-sides.[99]
The music video for "Cocoon" was directed by Eiko Ishioka and was shot in April 2001 in New York City.[1] One of Björk's most avant-garde music videos, it: "plays with minimalist white for both costume and bleached eyebrows, treating Björk as a geisha whose makeup extends over her entire nude body".[100] Red threads emerge from her nipples and circulate between her breasts and nose, finally enveloping her in a cocoon.[100] Björk actually wore a very close-fitting body suit.[101] Although not as controversial as the "Pagan Poetry" music video, it was still banned from MTV.[102]
Tour
In early August 2001, Björk confirmed the first set of dates for the
The tour opened at the
A 16 December 2001 performance at the
Commercial performance
Vespertine debuted at #19 on the
Lead single "Hidden Place" reached the top spot of the singles charts in Spain,[119] also charting in the top 40 in the United Kingdom,[120] Canada,[121] Italy, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Belgium and France.[122] Following release "Pagan Poetry" also performed well in Spain, while entering the French chart at number 49 and the UK chart at number 38.[119][120][123] "Cocoon" performed more poorly, charting at number 61 in France and number 35 in the United Kingdom.[120][124]
Critical reception
Aggregate scores | |
---|---|
Source | Rating |
Metacritic | 88/100[125] |
Review scores | |
Source | Rating |
AllMusic | [37] |
Entertainment Weekly | B+[126] |
The Guardian | [127] |
Los Angeles Times | [128] |
NME | 8/10[129] |
Pitchfork | 7.2/10[66] |
Q | [130] |
Rolling Stone | [33] |
The Rolling Stone Album Guide | [131] |
The Village Voice | A−[132] |
Upon release, Vespertine received universal acclaim from
An enthusiastic review came from The Wire, which felt that: "In the end, Vespertine commits its magic by daring to go places more obvious and more human than one would have ever expected."[55] Calling it "one of the most impressive and cohesive" albums of the year, Tiny Mix Tapes found Vespertine to be Björk's most effective use of the studio as an instrument.[137] Chris Smith of Stylus Magazine praised the album for its nuance and delicacy, describing its sonic palette as "a breath of fresh air."[32] Additionally, Vespertine was thought to have challenged gender roles in rock music and in sexuality.[64][135]
Q also praised the album, stating that it "quietly proves that cutting-edge production and human contact aren't mutually exclusive."[130] American music journalist Robert Christgau enjoyed the album's central theme of sex and wrote: "when she gets all soprano on your ass you could accuse her of spirituality".[132] A more lukewarm review came from Pitchfork's Ryan Schreiber, who felt that: "while undeniably beautiful, Vespertine fails to give electronic music the forward push it received on Björk's preceding albums".[66] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly said "her lyrics occasionally dive into the deep end" and "her voice is at times stiff", although he also wrote "when it all comes together, [...] Björk and her electronica collaborators create moving interplanetary chorals".[126] Almost Cool wrote: "if there's one question to be raised with the album, it's that it's all simply so lush and nice that on some levels it fails to excite".[138]
In a 2015 interview with The Pitchfork Review, Björk said that her work on Vespertine was not fully acknowledged by press,[139] she further added, "Matmos came in the last two weeks and added percussion on top of the songs, but they didn't do any of the main parts, and they are credited everywhere as having done the whole album.".[21]
Accolades
In 2002, Vespertine was nominated for the
- Critics' lists
Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christophe Brault | France | Top 20 Albums by Year 1964–2004[citation needed] | 2006 | 9 | ||
Fnac | The 1000 Best Albums of All Time[citation needed] | 2008 | 561 | |||
Les Inrockuptibles | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 5 | |||
Heineken | Spain | Top 50 International Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 13 | ||
Jenesaispop | Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 80 | |||
Mondo Sonoro | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 6 | |||
Muzikalia | Top 62 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | * | |||
PlayGround | Top 200 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 20 | ||||
Rockdelux | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 10 | |||
Top 100 International Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 45 | ||||
The 300 (+200) Best Albums from 1984 to 2014[citation needed] | 2014 | 301 | ||||
Drowned in Sound | United Kingdom | The Top 66 Albums of 2000–2005[citation needed] | 2006 | 1 | ||
Fact | Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 13 | |||
The Guardian | The 100 Best Albums of the 21st Century[145] | 2019 | 27 | |||
The Line of Best Fit | Top 30 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 22 | |||
Mojo | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 7 | |||
musicOMH | Top 21 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 11 | |||
Paul Morley | Words and Music, 5 x 100 Greatest Albums of All Time[citation needed] | 2003 | * | |||
NME | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 32 | |||
Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 95 | ||||
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[citation needed] | 2013 | 403 | ||||
Q | Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 48 | |||
Resident Advisor | Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 54 | |||
Rock's Backpages | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 5 | |||
Top 176 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 44 | ||||
The Times | Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 68 | ||||
Uncut | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 26 | |||
Top 150 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 55 | ||||
The Wire | 2001 Rewind – 50 Records of the Year[146] | 2001 | 1 | |||
The Word
|
Top 25 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 18 | |||
About.com
|
United States | Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[147] | 2010 | 2 | ||
Addicted to Noise | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 7 | |||
Alternative Press
|
Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 3 | ||||
Amazon.com
|
Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 4 | ||||
The Best of the Decade in Music... So Far[citation needed] | 2006 | * | ||||
The A.V. Club | Top 50 Albums of the 2000s[148] | 2009 | 27 | |||
Barnes & Noble | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 14 | |||
Blender | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 22 | ||||
CMJ | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | * | ||||
Coke Machine Glow | Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 91 | |||
Down Beat
|
Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 1 | |||
GQ | The 40 Best Albums of the 21st Century[citation needed] | 2003 | * | |||
Kitsap Sun | The Top 101 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 49 | |||
Los Angeles Times | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 2 | |||
Los Angeles New Times
|
Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 7 | ||||
Music-Critic.com | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 3 | ||||
One Thirty BPM
|
Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 11 | |||
Paste | Top 50 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2009 | 50 | |||
Pitchfork | Top 200 Albums of the 2000s[149] | 92 | ||||
PopMatters | The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s[150] | 2014 | 32 | |||
Robert Dimery | 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[citation needed] | 2013 | * | |||
Rolling Stone | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 4 | |||
The 50 Coolest Records of All Time[citation needed] | 2002 | 16 | ||||
Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[151] | 2009 | 67 | ||||
Slant Magazine | Top 250 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 3 | |||
Spin | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 5 | |||
Stylus Magazine | The 50 Best Albums of 2000–2004[citation needed] | 2005 | 36 | |||
Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 2010 | 17 | ||||
Treble | Top 150 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] | 61 | ||||
Unpop | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 2001 | 7 | |||
The Village Voice | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 3 | ||||
Washington City Paper | Albums of the Year[citation needed] | 18 | ||||
(*) designates lists that are unordered. |
Track listing
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | "Hidden Place" | Björk | Björk | 5:30 |
2. | "Cocoon" |
|
| 4:30 |
3. | "It's Not Up to You" | Björk | Björk | 5:10 |
4. | "Undo" |
| Björk | 5:42 |
5. | "Pagan Poetry" | Björk |
| 5:16 |
6. | "Frosti" | Björk | Björk | 1:42 |
7. | "Aurora" | Björk | Björk | 4:42 |
8. | "An Echo, a Stain" |
| Björk | 3:58 |
9. | "Sun in My Mouth" |
| Björk | 2:38 |
10. | "Heirloom" |
|
| 5:10 |
11. | "Harm of Will" |
| Björk | 4:41 |
12. | "Unison" | Björk | Björk | 6:50 |
Total length: | 55:29 |
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
13. | "Generous Palmstroke" |
|
| 4:08 |
Total length: | 59:37 |
Notes[152]
- "Hidden Place" samples "Transfigured Night, Op. 4" (1899) by Arnold Schoenberg.
- "Undo" heavily samples "1% in 2/3 Speed" (1999) by Opiate.
- "Sun In My Mouth" contains lyrics from "Impressions" by E. E. Cummings from Complete Poems: 1910–1962.
- "Heirloom" is based upon "Crabcraft" by Console.
- "Unison" contains a sample of "Aero Deck" by Oval from Systemisch.
- ^[a] signifies an additional producer.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Vespertine.[75]
Musicians
- Jake Davies – programming (1, 5), beat programming (7)
- Damian Taylor – programming (1, 12), beat programming (7, 8)
- Guy Sigsworth – programming (1, 12), choir arrangement (1, 8, 12), clavichord (3), clavichord arrangement (3), beat programming (8), celeste (8, 9, 11), celeste arrangement (9, 11)
- Matthew Herbert – programming (1, 12)
- Matmos – programming (1, 12), beat programming (7, 8)
- Björk – bassline (1, 5, 7, 9), choir arrangement (1, 3, 4), harp arrangement (3, 7, 12), programming (5, 12), music box arrangement (5-7), beat programming (7, 9), string arrangement (11)
- Vince Mendoza – choir arrangement (1, 3, 8, 11), orchestration (1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12), string arrangement (3, 4, 8, 9, 12)
- Thomas Knak – programming (2, 4)
- Valgeir Sigurðsson – beat programming (3, 9), programming (12)
- Zeena Parkins – harp arrangement (3-5, 8, 9, 12), harp (3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12)
- Caryl Thomas – harp (3)
- Jack Perron – adaptation to music box (5-7)
- Marius de Vries – additional programming (7), beat programming (8)
- Martin Console – programming (10)
Technical
- Jake Davies – Pro Tools recording engineer (1, 3, 7, 12); Pro Tools (4), recording engineer (4, 8), vocals recording (10)
- Damian Taylor – Pro Tools recording engineer (1)
- Valgeir Sigurðsson – Pro Tools recording engineer (3, 12), Pro Tools (4), recording engineer (4, 8, 9, 11)
- Leigh Jamieson – Pro Tools recording engineer (3)
- Jan "Stan" Kybert – Pro Tools (4)
- Eric Gosh – music box engineering
- Juan Garcia – assistant engineer (Magic Shop)
- Damon Idins – assistant engineer (Astoria)
- Eric & Rory – assistant engineers (Avatar)
- Aarron Franz – assistant engineer (Sear Sound)
- Adrian Dawson – 2nd assistant engineer (Sear Sound)
- Ricardo Gary Walker – assistant
- Jason Spears – assistant
- Aaron – assistant
- Matt Fields – assistant
- Daniel Porter – assistant
- David Treahearn – assistant
- Björk – vocal editing (4, 11)
- Mark "Spike" Stent– mixing (all tracks)
Artwork
- Inez van Lamsweerde & Vinoodh Matadin – sleve design
- M/M Paris – sleeve design
Charts
Weekly charts
|
Year-end charts
|
Certifications and sales
‹See Tfd›‹See Tfd›Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Canada (Music Canada)[180] | Gold | 50,000^ |
France ( SNEP)[181]
|
Gold | 100,000* |
Japan (RIAJ)[183] | Gold | 124,550[182] |
Norway | — | 10,000[184] |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[185] | Gold | 50,000^ |
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[186] | Gold | 20,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[187] | Gold | 100,000^ |
United States | — | 402,000[188] |
Summaries | ||
Europe | — | 1,200,000[112] |
* Sales figures based on certification alone. |
See also
- List of songs recorded by Björk
- List of Billboard number-one electronic albums of 2001
- List of number-one albums of 2001 (Spain)
Notes
- ^ Vespertine is officially considered to be her fourth solo album.[1][2] It is Björk's fifth solo studio album if her 1977 juvenilia self-titled release is taken into account.[3] The album can also be considered as sixth, adding Gling-Gló to the count, a 1990 collaboration with Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar.[4]
- ^ Referring to a 2001 interview with NME, during which Björk stated "This is [...] music for the home. It's corny to make a soundtrack for making a sandwich, but I quite like it."[10]
- ^ Although Vespertine does not feature kora, Björk would later collaborate with Toumani Diabaté on the track "Hope" from her 2007 album Volta.[44]
- ^ Björk wrote the song "I've Seen It All" for Dancer in the Dark and was nominated for Best Original Song
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Vespertine Special". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 2 August 2002. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Pytlik 2003, p. 155
- ^ Layne, Joslyn. "Björk Gudmundsdóttir – Björk Gudmundsdóttir". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- Now.
- ^ Hasty, Katie (16 May 2007). "Buble Sidesteps Bone Thugs To Claim No. 1". Billboard. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ a b "björk: in focus". MTV. March 2001. Archived from the original on 19 March 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ^ "GH&FT special: All Is Full of Love". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ a b c Pytlik 2003, p. 159
- ^ Heath, Chris (17 October 2011). "Lars and His Real Girls". GQ. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ a b c "The Twilight World of Björk". NME. 11 August 2001.
- ^ a b Toop, David (September 2001). "The Twilight World of Björk". The Wire.
- ^ Mac, Sam C. (20 January 2015). "Björk: Vulnicura". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d Tom, Flint (November 2001). "Musical Differences". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 176
- ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 160
- ^ Pytlik 2003, p. 170
- ^ Pytlik 2003, p. 156
- ^ a b Pytlik 2003, pp. 160–161, 179
- ^ a b c d e Pytlik 2003, p. 162
- ^ Rocket in the Pocket (Media notes). Payola Records. 1998. Payola A4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9913992-4-6.
- ^ "GH&FT special : Pagan Poetry". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ^ "Beat Manifestos: Björk". Wired. May 2002. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ Minuscule[Documentary]. One Little Indian
- Wondering Sound. 9 September 2010. Archived from the originalon 26 July 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
- ISBN 978-0-417-08084-0.
- ISBN 978-0-8126-9500-7. Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ^ a b Coleman, Nick (31 August 2003). "Live Box". The Independent.
- ^ "Björk – "Vespertine" (Elektra)". The Dallas Morning News. 30 June 2001.
- ISBN 978-0-634-05548-5. Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84718-335-4.
- ^ a b Smith, Chris (1 September 2003). "Björk – Vespertine". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Fricke, David (20 August 2001). "Vespertine". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
- ^ Killingsworth, Jason (2 November 2009). "The 50 Best Albums of the Decade (2000–2009)". Paste. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
- ^ Plagenhoef, Scott (9 June 2004). "Björk: Debut Live / Post Live / Homogenic Live / Vespertine Live". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
Live, Vespertine's glitch-pop nuances are magnified, the choir is less cloying, and the music box melodies are more embraceable.
- ^ Gittins & Hoard 2004, p. 120
- ^ a b c d Phares, Heather. "Vespertine – Björk". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ "100 Best Albums of the 2000s: Bjork, 'Vespertine'". Rolling Stone. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- ^ "Review – Vespertine". Orlando Weekly. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ "Favorite 100 Albums of 2000–2009: 60–41". Tiny Mix Tapes. February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ^ Liu, Jonathan (5 January 2007). "Björk: Still Weird After All These Years". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
...morphed into the art-rock torch singer of 2001's Vespertine...
- ^ .
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-933144-4. Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ Honigmann, David (1 February 2008). "'We are the memory'". Financial Times. London: The Financial Times Ltd. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
- ^ Beauvallet, Jean-Daniel (23 April 2007). "Björk raconte Volta sur lesinrocks.com" [Björk talks Volta with lesinrocks.com]. Les Inrockuptibles (in French). Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-107-50412-7. Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ "Björk Vespertine | Album Review". Slant Magazine. 15 August 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d Hubbard, Michael. "Björk – Vespertine". musicOMH. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Dalton, Stephen (25 July 2001). "Bjork : Hidden Place". NME. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ^ Merryweather, David (14 August 2001). "Single Review: Björk – Hidden Place". Drowned in Sound. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ^ ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
- ^ a b c Cragg, Michael (26 March 2014). "10 of the best: Björk". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
- ^ "Cocoon". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2005. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ISSN 0886-3032. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b Hua Hsu (2001). "Vespertine – soundcheck". The Wire. Vol. 209–214. p. 52.
- ^ Brown, Ethan (2001). "Pop Music". New York. Vol. 34. p. 155.
- from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
- ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 195
- ^ from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ^ Rosen, Jody (21 October 2004). "Guided by Voices". The Nation. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ^ Southgate, Nick (2004). "A Guess at the Riddle". The Wire. Vol. 245–250. p. 58.
- ISSN 1074-6978.
- ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 173
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8204-8668-0.
- ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 172
- ^ a b c Schreiber, Ryan (31 August 2001). "Björk: Vespertine". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- ^ "Judge Björk". Slate. The Slate Group. 5 September 2001.
- ^ Bell, Corey. "Delayed Reaction: Björk — "Vespertine"". Art Nouveau Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ISBN 978-0-8264-8217-4.
- ^ Gibsone, Harriet (22 January 2015). "Björk's album artwork: from sci-fi Mother Earth to McQueen's kimono – in pictures". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-8264-1452-6. Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
- ^ Obrist, Hans Ulrich (2004). "Seventy-five suns in the sky over France". M/M Paris. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ^ "Franska revolutionen är en ren formsak". M/M Paris. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
- ^ Pytlik 2003, p. 153
- ^ One Little Indian. 2001. TPLP101.)
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link - ^ "Vespertine is definitely for all seasons". Grapewire. bjork.com. 13 March 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "Björk Unveils Six New Songs in New York". Billboard. 23 May 2001. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "Guess Wot! Guess Wot? Guess Wot!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 27 August 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ Fritsch, Oliver (2009). "Vespertine". 77ísland. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ "Björk: book". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "DVD releases for the US + more". Grapewire. bjork.acom. 8 December 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ASIN B00009MEFO.
- ASIN B00009MEFN.
- ^ "Björk in the magazines". Grapewire. bjork.com. 31 March 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "Explore Vespertine through a magazine". Grapewire. bjork.com. 10 July 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "The Times & 'A whole Lot of Things'!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 11 August 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "From the TV to the Monitor!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 8 September 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "More TV shows on the way". Grapewire. bjork.com. 10 September 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "It's time to play hide and go seek!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 2 July 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "B-sides galore on Hidden Place single". Grapewire. bjork.com. 27 June 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ a b "GH&FT special : Hidden Place". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ^ "Nick Knight does Pagan Poetry". Grapewire. bjork.com. 2 October 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "...it is Pagan Poetry as The Single". Grapewire. bjork.com. 18 October 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ Hyland, Véronique (22 April 2015). "Nick Knight on Working With Kanye, Björk, and McQueen". New York. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ^ a b c "The Light of Love: The Making of the Pagan Poetry Video". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ^ Cinquemani, Sal (5 July 2013). "Top 10 Björk Music Videos". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ "The 15 Most NSFW Music Videos of All Time: Björk, 'Pagan Poetry' (2001)". Rolling Stone. 13 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ^ "Cocoon Web Premiere @ bjork.com". Grapewire. bjork.com. 2 February 2002. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ Fritsch, Oliver (2015). "Cocoon". 77ísland. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8223-4162-8. Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ "Bjork at 50 – The Iconic Artist's Life And Career in Pictures". NME. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
- ^ Mandle, Chris (2013). "Top ten flesh-flashing videos". Dazed. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
- ^ "Björk World Tour to Feature 54-Piece Orchestra". Billboard. 3 August 2001. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ ASIN B00009MEFM.
- ^ Farago, Jason (8 March 2015). "Björk review – a nakedly personal show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
...far inferior to the Ernst Haeckel fauna illustrations from her Vespertine tour.
- ^ "Press conference held yesterday". Grapewire. bjork.com. 23 August 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ Bychawski, Adam (24 August 2001). "Björk Honoured by French Government". NME. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "Press conference in Spain today". Grapewire. bjork.com. 4 November 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- One Little Indian. 2003. 5016958055721.)
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link - ^ Hasty, Katie (16 May 2007). "Buble Sidesteps Bone Thugs To Claim No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
- ^ "Björk | Biography, Music & News". Billboard. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Chit-chatting on AOL + more". Grapewire. bjork.com. 8 September 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Vespertine is number one!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 8 September 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
- ^ a b "Ultratop.be – Björk – Vespertine" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Bjork Chart History (Canadian Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ a b ビョークのアルバム売り上げランキング [Björk's album sales ranking] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2.
- ^ a b c "Bjork | full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Björk | Awards". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Björk – Hidden Place" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ "Björk – Pagan Poetry" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ "Björk – Cocoon" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ a b "Reviews for Vespertine by Björk". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ a b Browne, David (20 August 2001). "Vespertine". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ Sullivan, Caroline (24 August 2001). "An evening of magic". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- ^ Baltin, Steve (26 August 2001). "Björk 'Vespertine' Elektra". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- ^ Dalton, Stephen (25 August 2001). "Bjork: Vespertine". NME. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
- ^ a b "Björk: Vespertine". Q. No. 181. September 2001. p. 109.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
- ^ a b Christgau, Robert (12 March 2002). "Consumer Guide: 2001 Gets Better". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- ^ a b Phipps, Keith (19 April 2002). "Björk: Vespertine". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ About.com. 27 August 2001. Archived from the originalon 7 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ a b Widder, Katy (28 August 2001). "Björk: Vespertine". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ Reynolds, Simon (October 2001). "Bjork". Uncut.
- ^ "Björk – Vespertine". Tiny Mix Tapes. 1 September 2001. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
- ^ "Björk – Vespertine". Almost Cool. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Wickman, Forrest (22 January 2015). "It's Not Just Björk: Women Are Tired of Not Getting Credit for Their Own Music". Slate. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ Spotts, Greg. "(shôrt–lĭst)". Short List. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
- ^ Basham, David (24 January 2002). "Got Charts? Creed, Eminem, No Doubt, 'NSYNC Have Something in Common". MTV News. Archived from the original on 3 April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
- ^ "International Female Solo Artist Nominations Announced". Brit Awards. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ "Italian Music Awards, annunciate le nomination". Dirittodautore.it (in Italian). 26 October 2001. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
- ^ "Fyrri verðlaunahafar". Íslensku Tónlistarverðlaunin (in Icelandic). Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "The 100 best albums of the 21st century". The Guardian. 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "2001 Rewind – 50 Records of the Year". The Wire. No. 215. January 2002. p. 40. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- ^ Carew, Anthony. "Top 100 Albums of the 2000s". About.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
- ^ Caine, Paul. "The best music of the decade". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ "The 200 Best Albums of the 2000s". Pitchfork. 2 October 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ Easton, Anthony. "The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s: 40-21". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ Staff. (18 July 2011). "100 Best Albums of the 2000s". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ "Tracks sampled by Björk" Archived 10 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine. WhoSampled. Retrieved Aug 8 2023.
- ^ "Australiancharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Austriancharts.at – Björk – Vespertine" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Ultratop.be – Björk – Vespertine" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ^ (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
- ^ "Danishcharts.dk – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Björk – Vespertine" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Lescharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2001. 38. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Irish-charts.com – Discography Björk". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Italiancharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Charts.nz – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- . Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
- ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Swisscharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Official Independent Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Bjork Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Bjork Chart History (Top Dance/Electronic Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Top 200 Albums of 2001 (based on sales)". Jam!. Archived from the original on 6 November 2003. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ "Chart of the Year 2001". TOP20.dk. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
- (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
- SNEP. Archived from the originalon 24 September 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Canadian album certifications – Björk – Vespertine". Music Canada. 26 October 2001.
- Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. 13 November 2001.
- ISBN 978-4-87131-077-2.
- ^ "Japanese album certifications – ビョーク – ヴェスパタイン" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Select 2001年8月 on the drop-down menu
- ^ "Nordmenn saka Björk um okur". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). 4 January 2002. p. 64. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023 – via Timarit.is.
- ^ "Discos de platino y oro 2000". El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Vespertine')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
- ^ "British album certifications – Björk – Vespertine". British Phonographic Industry. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Bjork's New Blend". Billboard. 10 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Bibliography
- Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian David (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
- Gittins, Ian; Hoard, Christian David (2004). Björk (in Italian). Giunti Editore. ISBN 9788809034969.
- Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ISBN 978-1-55022-556-3.
External links
- Vespertine at Discogs (list of releases)