Vetëvendosje

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Self-determination Movement
Lëvizja Vetëvendosje
ChairmanAlbin Kurti
Parliamentary leaderMimoza Kusari-Lila (acting)
Founded12 June 2005; 18 years ago (2005-06-12)
Preceded byKosova Action Network
HeadquartersRr. Behije Dashi, nr. 31, Pristina, Kosovo
NewspaperPërballja
MembershipIncrease 36,500 (2018 est.)[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left to left-wing
European affiliationParty of European Socialists (observer)
International affiliation
Colours  Crimson   Black
Slogan"With heart and mind, to self-determination!"[2]
Seats in the Assembly
56 / 120
Mayors
6 / 38
Municipal councils
193 / 994
Party flag
Website
www.vetevendosje.org
Politics of Kosovo
Constitution and law
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Recent elections
  • Political parties
    • Foreign policy

    Lëvizja Vetëvendosje (Albanian pronunciation: [ləvizja vɛtəˈvɛnˈdɔsjɛ], 'Self-determination movement') (LVV) is a left-leaning social democratic political party in Kosovo.[3][4] It is a member of the Progressive Alliance, and an observer in the Party of European Socialists, and the Socialist International.

    Vetëvendosje was founded in 2005 as a grassroots, anti-establishment, and pro-independence movement. It gained its initial prominence with protests against the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and it later protested against the process of negotiations between the Kosovar delegations and Serbia over Kosovo's independence, claiming that the Kosovars' right to self-determination was not subject to Serbia's approval.[3] A major turning point for Vetëvendosje's position in Kosovo's politics took place in 2010, when the movement expanded its activity and registered as a citizen initiative at the Central Election Commission and ran for the 2010 Kosovan parliamentary election, where it established itself as the third-largest political party in Kosovo.[5]

    Vetëvendosje has been described as a

    parliament to have more power over the executive.[3] It promotes a socialist and welfare-oriented public order, political and civil freedoms, as well as internal and local self-governance and self-determination. On the other hand, Vetëvendosje supports policies to strengthen Kosovo's statehood, including the strengthening of the rule of law, police, and military, which from a traditional sense would be considered right-wing ideas.[5] Despite its sovereignist stance, it still considers that Kosovo should eventually unify with Albania via a referendum, as an expression of the will of the people of Kosovo.[3][4] They have also been described as an Albanian nationalist movement, with their views being mainly framed based on Albanian history and perceived injustices done by the Serbian state to the people of Kosovo. They see all citizens of Kosovo, including Kosovo Serbs as victims of Serbia's aggression.[6][7][8]

    Vetëvendosje is currently the largest political party in Kosovo, having won 58 seats in the 2021 Kosovan parliamentary election together with Vjosa Osmani's Guxo! list. It is in government in coalition with the non-Serb minorities. Vetëvendosje's leader Albin Kurti serves as the Prime Minister of Kosovo.

    History

    Establishment and early actions

    "No negotiations, self-determination" graffiti behind the statue of Bill Clinton in Pristina

    Vetëvendosje has its roots in the 1997-founded Kosova Action Network (KAN), a grassroots group promoting active citizenry and direct political participation of the masses.[9][10] KAN was founded in the United States by a group of international activists that supported the 1997 student protests in Kosovo against the occupation of the campus of the University of Pristina by the Yugoslav Police. During the Kosovo War, KAN participated in documenting war crimes and during 1999 and 2000 KAN campaigned for the release of Albanian prisoners of war. In 2003, KAN moved its headquarters to Kosovo.[11] On 10 June 2004, KAN activists led by Albin Kurti protested against the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), fiercly criticizing its 'undemocratic' character, due to its lack of accountability to Kosovar citizens.[3]

    On 12 June 2005, KAN activists wrote the slogan "Jo Negociata - VETËVENDOSJE!" (Albanian for "No negotiations - SELF-DETERMINATION!") on the walls of UNMIK, marking the official transformation of KAN to Vetëvendosje. This was followed by the establishment of Vetëvendosje centers in most municipalities of Kosovo and in countries with a significant Albanian diaspora. On 25 July 2005, Vetëvendosje activists distributed copies of the UN Resolution 1514 in front of the UNMIK headquarters to "remind" it that Kosovo's right to independence was guaranteed by that resolution.[11]

    "I vote, you vote, he/she votes, we vote, you vote, they benefit" graffiti in Pristina in 2007, asking citizens to boycott the upcoming elections

    Criticizing UNMIK would become a central theme of Vetëvendosje's activities in the following years leading up to Kosovo's independence. They attempted to delegitimize UNMIK in front of the people of Kosovo by calling it an undemocratic neo-colonial regime whose employees were unelected but nevertheless took executive decisions. They blamed UNMIK for Kosovo's market being flooded by Serbian goods and for the unemployment that resulted from the public enterprises privatization process overseen by UNMIK.[5] In other activities, Vetëvendosje activists opposed the decentralization of local government along ethnic lines and demanded the return of the bodies of missing persons from the Kosovo War, as well as an apology from Serbia for its crimes committed during the war.[11][5]

    Apart from citicizing UNMIK, Vetëvendosje also criticized local politicians, arguing that they did not represent the people but instead served UNMIK and could take no decisions without UNMIK's approval.[5] In addition, it claimed that politicians in Kosovo could only be elected if they were approved by the international community. Therefore, the government was illegitimate.[3] They boycotted the 2007 Kosovan parliamentary election and asked the people not to vote.[4]

    2007 demonstration

    Vetëvendosje protest against the Ahtisaari Plan in 2007

    On 10 February 2007 Vetëvendosje organized a large demonstration against the

    Hotel Iliria when he got shot on the head. Apart from the two deaths, the protest resulted in an additional seven serious injuries and 73 minor injuries.[13] One protester who was shot next to his heart survived after a long state of coma and had to live with the projectile inside his chest until his natural death in 2020.[14]

    A UNMIK internal investigation revealed that the protesters got killed by out-of-date rubber bullets that were fired from 10 of the Romanian members of the police force, but declined to file charges because it was unclear who of them had fired the fatal shots.

    EULEX judge sentenced him to 9 months in prison, but given that he had already spent 5 months in custody and another 5 in house arrest, he got released.[15][16]

    Kosovo's independence and Vetëvendosje's entry into active politics

    Kosovar leaders accepted the Ahtisaari Plan and Kosovo declared its independence in February 2008. The independence was initially supervised by the European Union via its International Civilian Representative for Kosovo (ICRK). Vetëvendosje argued that Kosovo had gone from UNMIK administration to EU administration and factually nothing had changed. It also opposed the idea of Kosovo being a multi-ethnic country, stressing that with Albanians constituting over 90% of the population, Kosovo was one of the most ethnically homogenous countries in Europe, and that minorities should be integrated via socio-economic development, not by dividing people along ethnic lines.[5]

    Paralel to this, Vetëvendosje started to slowly shift towards directly participating in the political scene of Kosovo. In 2010 it registered at the Central Election Commission as a 'citizen initiative', to distinguish itself from political parties and to reject accusations that it was becoming part of Kosovo's political establishment, which it had criticized until that point.[3] It would later switch to the status of a political party in 2017 in order to be allowed to enter into pre-electoral coalitions.[4]

    Mergers with other parties and the split of PSD

    The New Spirit Party (Albanian: Partia Fryma e Re) merged into Vetëvendosje on 31 March 2011.[17][18] The leader of New Spirit Party, Shpend Ahmeti became vice-chairman of Vetëvendosje and he won the local elections in Pristina in 2013. He would go on to get re-elected as mayor of Pristina in 2017, before leaving Vetëvendosje soon after elections to join the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo (PSD) in early 2018.[19][20][21][22]

    The Socialist Party of Kosovo, led by Ilaz Kadolli, joined Vetëvendosje on 26 April 2013.

    Kosovo Parliament
    , but had several in local governments.

    The

    war
    .

    In 2017 and early 2018, a large number of MPs and mayors from Vetëvendosje resigned from the party and joined the already-extant PSD. Among the members who left Vetëvendosje were the former chairman of the New Spirit Party and mayor of Prishtina Shpend Ahmeti, former Vetëvendosje deputy Dardan Molliqaj, and former chairman of Vetëvendosje Visar Ymeri. They were unhappy with the idea of Albin Kurti returning as chairman and accused the party of authoritarianism. In response, Vetëvendosje members accused those leaving that they had misused the party's budget for private gain, and of having sabotaged Vetëvendosje in the 2017 Kosovan parliamentary election and the 2017 Kosovan local elections.

    Party platform

    Vetëvendosje has been described as

    Presevo Valley and North Macedonia as well as a referendum on possible unification of Kosovo with neighbouring Albania.[35]

    Justice state

    The first pillar of Vetëvendosje's political program is the justice state, through which Vetëvendosje seeks to change legislation, combat corruption and increase citizens' trust on the state institutions. Vetëvendosje wants to amend Kosovo's constitution and to remove, among others, the parts that derive from the Ahtisaari Plan, UNMIK regulations, and Yugoslav legislation. It additionally strives to ensure clear independence for the judiciary and introduce more checks and balances.[32]

    Anti-corruption is one of the pillars of the justice state according to Vetëvendosje. In early 2023, the Kosovo parliament passed the Vetëvendosje-sponsored Law for the State Bureau for the Confiscation of Illegal Wealth. The law aims to give the state the means to confiscate wealth whose origin cannot be proven, thus allowing it to combat money laundering and corruption.[36] The law had been part of the party's electoral platform.[32] Vetëvendosje is also pushing for vetting in the justice system intending to remove judges and prosecutors who fail the process. In 2022, the Venice Commission advised in favor of the government's vetting plan.[37]

    Developmental state

    The second pillar of Vetëvendosje's program is the developmental state model. Through the developmental state, Vetëvendosje seeks to develop the economy of Kosovo by providing fiscal support to certain sectors of the economy and protecting vital industries from foreign competition.

    Vetëvendosje strives to implement

    taxes on profits.[32] Its government has already increased property taxes by increasing the valuation of residential buildings in richer areas to increase the tax base.[38] In addition, Vetëvendosje strives for Kosovo to have a common currency with Albania by abandoning the euro, and to establish a state-owned development bank.[39][32][40]

    In 2023, the Vetëvendosje government established a sovereign wealth fund and is in the process of abolishing the Kosovo Privatization Agency, whose assets are being taken over by the Sovereign Fund.[41] Vetëvendosje constantly criticized the privatization process in Kosovo, calling it "a corruption model, that contributed to increasing unemployment, ruining the economy, and halting the economic development of the country".[42] The newly-established Sovereign Wealth Fund will halt the process of privatization and it will manage Kosovo's public assets, collecting dividends from profitable state enterprises and subsidizing the ones that struggle.

    The Kosova B is Kosovo's main power plant and was opened in 1983. Vetëvendosje aims to replace it with green alternatives in the near future

    When it comes to environmental issues, Vetëvendosje supports green alternatives to energy production despite Kosovo's endowment with large amounts of lignite. It has vocally opposed the construction of a new coal-powered plant, the Kosova C, and its government refused to connect Kosovo to the Trans Adriatic Gas Pipeline.[43][44] In 2022, the Vetëvendosje-led government issued a project for the generation of central heating energy via solar energy.[45]

    The government of Vetëvendosje has increased agricultural subsidies in its first year in governance by over 200% compared to the budget of 2021.[46] It has also provided large amounts of subsidies to the Trepça Mines, which are managed by a struggling state-owned company.[47] Vetëvendosje considers agriculture and mining a vital strategic interest of Kosovo.[32]

    When it comes to education, Vetëvendosje aims to adopt the dual education system, which is mostly practiced in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, countries with significant Albanian diaspora. It sees the switch to the dual education system as necessary to increase the quality of education in general.[48]

    Welfare state

    The

    Bismarck Model.[32]

    Vetëvendosje wants to reform the labor law. It wants to allow fathers to take parental leave, which is allowed only for the mother by the current legislation. Vetëvendosje further seeks to limit working hours to 40 per week and to introduce severance payments for laid-off workers. It further wants to combat informal employment and to increase the power of workers' unions by changing the law on unions.[32]

    Other issues

    Vetëvendosje's government has significantly increased military spending. They consider Kosovo's ability to defend itself as vital to the country's interests

    Vetëvendosje sees Kosovo's ability to defend itself as vital to the country's interests, despite the presence of international peacekeepers in the country. Its government quadrupled annual military spending in 2023, compared to the year in which the party took power.[49] The party has entertained the idea of introducing mandatory military conscription in Kosovo, based on EU and NATO standards.[32][50] The party seeks to join NATO's Partnership for Peace and eventually the alliance itself.

    Vetëvendosje wants Kosovo to cooperate with all countries based on the principle of reciprocity.[32][51] Vetëvendosje's government's insistence on reciprocity has even led to clashes in North Kosovo and to frictions with Kosovo's international partners, after its government decided to enforce the use of Kosovo's vehicle registration plates in the north of the country.[52]

    On the issue of ethnic minorities, Vetëvendosje supports the cooperation between all ethnic groups in Kosovo. Its government coalition contains almost all minority MPs, except the Serb List, which Vetëvendosje considers a tool of Serbia's president Aleksandar Vučić to destabilize Kosovo. Instead, the Vetëvendosje government wants to cooperate with Kosovo Serbs who recognize the independence of Kosovo. Following the mass resignation of members of the Kosovo Government by the Serb List, Vetëvendosje's Kurti appointed Nenad Rašić as Minister for Communities and Returns.[53]

    Vetëvendosje has been described as a nationalist party,[54] and they want to amend Kosovo's constitution to remove the third article, which forbids the unification of Kosovo with other countries. According to the leader of Vetëvendosje, Albin Kurti, Kosovo should be allowed to unify with Albania if the people express this will through a referendum.[55][56][57]

    Chairman of Vetëvendosje

    # Chairman Born–Died Term start Term end Time in office
    1 Albin Kurti 1975– 12 June 2005 28 February 2015 9 years, 261 days
    2 Visar Ymeri 1973– 1 March 2015 2 January 2018 2 years, 307 days
    3 Albin Kurti 1975– 21 January 2018 Incumbent 6 years, 85 days

    Elections

    Parliamentary elections

    After five years of participating in Kosovo's political scene through protests and demonstrations, Vetëvendosje took the decision to participate in the

    EULEX in relation to the 10 February 2007 protest.[58][59][60][61] Kurti would go on and get sentenced to 9 months in prison, but given that he had already spent 5 months in custody and another 5 in house arrest for the same case, he got released.[15][16]

    2010 parliamentary elections

    In December 2010, Vetëvendosje participated in the national elections of 2010 in coalition with LB and obtained 12.66% of the votes, which translated to 14 seats at the parliament.[62] Local and international observers detected many irregularities, including a participation rate of 95% certain municipalities, which were strongholds of the PDK.[63][64] Vetëvendosje and LDK contested the election results in three voting centers and the elections got repeated in three municipalities, leading to a slight increase in the vote share of Vetëvendosje.[65][66] Vetëvendosje and LB ended their coalition on 20 September 2011, after disagreements on distribution of funds. The two MPs from LB left the Vetëvendosje parliamentary group, reducing it to 12 members.[67][68]

    2014 parliamentary elections

    In the 2014 elections, Vetëvendosje received 13.59% (99,397 votes), remaining the third strongest political force in the

    Chairman of the Assembly of Kosovo unconstitutional, led to the breakup of the LDK-AAK-Nisma coalition and LDK joining a coalition with PDK, in which Isa Mustafa assumed the position of prime minister.[71] This led to Vetëvendosje taking the role of leader of the opposition, with AAK and NISMA being part of it. The Vetëvendosje-led opposition was very aggressive, opposing the border demarcation between Kosovo and Montenegro and the formation of the Association of Serb Municipalities. LDK was accused of betraying the opposition and keeping PDK in power. The opposition organized massive demonstrations on the streets, and it used tear-gas to block meetings of the parliament.[72][73]

    2017 parliamentary elections

    In the 2017 elections, Vetëvendosje received 27.49% (200,132 votes) making it the biggest political party in the

    Kosovo Assembly with 32 seats.[74] In comparison to the 2014 elections, Vetëvendosje doubled in size. Despite being the biggest individual party and parliamentary group, Vetëvendosje remained behind the PANA coalition and remained in opposition. In 2018, 12 MPs left Vetëvendosje and created the Group of the Independent Deputies, which would later join the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo (PSD). In addition, Vetëvendosje MP Donika Kadaj-Bujupi rejoined AAK. This split reduced the Vetëvendosje parliamentary group to 19 seats.[75]

    2019 parliamentary elections

    In the early elections of 2019 which were called due to the resignation of Prime Minister at the time

    Kurti government, which passed at the parliament and the Kurti government was overthrown. Apart from Veliu's sacking, LDK blamed Vetëvendosje for ruining Kosovo's relations with the US, after Kurti exchanged skirmishes with the US envoy for the Kosovo-Serbia dialogue, Richard Grenell.[77][78][79] Vetëvendosje remained in opposition and Kurti with the former government ministers from Vetëvendosje could not return to the parliament because they had resigned before taking executive roles, leaving them out of Kosovo's institutional life until the next election.[80]

    2021 parliamentary elections

    Results of the 2021 Kosovan parliamentary election

    After the fall of the Kurti government, LDK, together with AAK, NISMA, the Serb List, and other minorities, formed a new government on 3 June 2020. The government was elected with 61 votes, which was the critical minimum required to form a government. In December 2020, the Constitutional Court deemed the LDK-led government illegal, because one of the 61 MPs that voted for it had been convicted for corruption, meaning that he had lost his valid mandate before voting for the government.[81] This led to new elections, which were held on 14 February 2021. Vetëvendosje ran together with Guxo. Because of a conviction for setting off tear gas, Albin Kurti was not allowed to run for a seat at the parliament.[82] Vetëvendosje won the elections and experienced a significant increase in its vote share, receiving 50.28% of the total votes. The common list of VV and Guxo gained 58 seats, with 51 for VV and 7 for Guxo.[83] As two elected members of Guxo joined the government and Osmani was elected President, three of the Guxo seats went to the following names on the elected list, increasing VV number to 53.[84] In April 2021, Adelina Grainca, former PDK deputy joined Vetëvendosje, increasing its number of MPs to 54.[85]

    Parliamentary election results

    Year Votes % Overall
    seats won     		Albanian
    seats     		Position +/– Government
    2010 88,652 12.69%
    14 / 120
    14 / 100
    		 Increase 3rd Increase 14 Opposition
    2014 99,397 13.59%
    16 / 120
    16 / 100
    		 Steady 3rd Increase 2 Opposition
    2017 200,135 27.49%
    32 / 120
    32 / 100
    		 Increase 1st Increase 16 Opposition
    2019 221,001 26.27%
    29 / 120
    29 / 100
    		 Steady 1st Decrease 3 Coalition (2019–2020)
    Opposition (2020–2021)
    2021 438,335 50.28%
    58 / 120
    58 / 100
    		 Steady 1st Increase 29 Majority

    Local elections

    2013 local elections

    Vetëvendosje participated in the

    Kllokot, and North Mitrovica.[86] Overall, Vetëvendosje came fourth with a decrease in votes in comparison to the 2010 parliamentary election.[87] A session of the party's General Council was called on December 15, 2013 which between other things discussed these results as well as necessary action in response to them. According to Shpend Ahmeti's words during an interview with Top Channel, there were also changes in the statute of Vetëvendosje, which came out of the General Council meeting.[88]

    2017 local elections

    In the

    Podujeva on 29 November 2020. Vetëvendosje's Shpejtim Bulliqi won the election and is now the mayor of Podujeva until the regular 2021 election.[93]

    2021 local elections

    Vetëvendosje participated in the 2021 local elections and won 4 municipalities and 193 municipal council positions.

    After the resignation of four mayors in the north of Kosovo and the subsequent boycott by the Serb local majority, Vetëvendoje won the 2023 elections in Leposavić and North Mitrovica, with a turnout of 1.06% and 4.62%, respectively. The election result was recognized by the US and other Western countries, but groups of local Serbs refused to allow the newly-elected mayors to enter their offices. Kosovo government's decision to deploy the Special Operations Unit of the Kosovo Police to the northern municipalities to enable the mayors to enter their offices led to international backlash and a clash between Kosovo and some of its Western partners. The EU introduced some measures against the government of Kosovo.

    Controversies

    Controversial political activities

    FUND - Albanian for 'The End', written on a vehicle of UNMIK

    Over time, Vetëvendosje has engaged in multiple controversial activities, such as "naming and shaming" of political leaders, damaging property belonging to UNMIK (and later

    plan for Kosovo's monitored independence.[11]

    In an August 2009 protest that turned violent, Vetëvendosje activists overturned and damaged 28 EULEX vehicles.[94] In March 2016, activists of Vetëvendosje overturned two trucks carrying Serbian goods in a protest against the Serbian decision not to accept Kosovo Albanian schoolbooks in the Albanian-inhabited Preševo Valley in southern Serbia.[95][96][97][98]

    Similar activities continued to take place even within Kosovo's institutions, with Vetëvendosje members of parliament releasing tear gas inside the parliament chamber to prevent legislation from going through when the ruling parties had the required majority to pass the legislation.[4] Paralel to this, Vetëvendosje, in cooperation with the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo and the Social Democratic Initiative had organized some of the largest protests in Kosovo's post-independence history in front of the parliament, to exert pressure on the governing parties' MPs and prevent them from passing the legislation.

    When accused that their actions were extreme, Vetëvendosje leaders claimed that what they did was "radical," but not "extreme," and that throwing eggs at politicians only looked violent because the general situation in Kosovo was calm.[6]

    Madeleine Albright controversy

    On 10 December 2012,

    PTK while explaining to them the harm that the privatization was causing the country's economy and the wrong practices applied during the process. Apparently, one of the runners was a consortium of Portugal Telecom with Albright Capital Management,[103][104] which dropped out of the race in January 2013.[105][106][107]

    "We did not threaten anyone and we definitely did not, as you claim, try to deter Ms. Albright from visiting Kosovo. Indeed, after this letter of September 1, Ms. Albright visited Kosovo in November, without the slightest opposition from VETËVENDOSJE! During her visit, she even met our deputies."[101]

    2013 protest controversy

    On 27 June 2013, the movement organized a protest against the ratification of the

    Willim Walker, described the action as a "big mistake".[120] According to Zëri newspaper, the U.S. State Department called Kosovo's ambassador Akan Ismajli in Washington, D.C., requiring official explanations, though no comments came from official sources within Kosovo.[121]

    "As we have stressed with all leaders and particularly to Vetëvendosje, while the United States respects citizens’ rights to free speech and expression, we deplore the use of violent tactics in obstructing the democratic process. Freedom of speech does not mean the right to restrict the freedom of movement of others. Vetëvendosje’s continued reliance on violent tactics undermines Kosovo’s reputation as an emerging democracy."[114]

    The reaction from Vetëvendosje was vague, with soon-to-be-gone Alma Lama being the first one to personally apologize to the U.S. ambassador.[122] On 1 July 2013, Glauk Konjufca apologized to all foreign representatives visiting the Kosovo parliament on that day: "Specifically, there is the case of U.S. ambassador, but even other foreign representatives to whom we apologize in case they have experienced any unpleasant situation. But, analyzing the harm that the agreement causes, it sounded reasonable to us to act the way we did though I don't deny having possibly made some mistakes."[123] The overall positioning of Vetëvendosje was described by Shpend Ahmeti statement: "The protest was not violent, we didn't want anyone to get hurt, we are sorry if someone actually did, but the negative effects of the agreement overrun any side effects of the protest", adding "the government is trying to show us as anti-American, which we are not".[124]

    The deputy assistant of Secretary of State in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Philip Reeker, during his visit to Pristina a few days later, was harsh and very direct with Vetëvendosje, calling them "clowns who want to be violent".[125][126][127] Vetëvendosje responded by calling Reekers' accusations as "unfair and non-democratic"[128] and issuing a letter of complaint to the U.S. Department of State.[129]

    Other controversies

    Vetëvendosje activists and politicians have often ignored and contested the symbols of the Republic of Kosovo, including the flag and anthem.[130] Visar Ymeri, chairman of Vetëvendosje at the time, refused to stand up for the anthem when participating in a congress of the AKR in 2017.[131] When asked about it, Ymeri said that he confused it for a melody of Beethoven.[132] In an interview before the 2019 parliamentary elections, Albin Kurti, chairman of Vetëvendosje, said that "Of course that I will respect (the symbols of Kosovo) as Prime Minister. But keep in mind that I am chairman of Vetëvendosje and I also represent those values that are important to us. The (Albanian) anthem is not just Albania's, it belongs to all Albanians. As Albanians, we have many things in common, including the (Albanian) flag, history, and so on. The flag of Kosovo has no history and no value other than its geographical value. We know that (adopting this flag) was a mistake, but now we have no choice but to accept it."[133]

    See also

    Further reading

    • Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (2013). "Democratisation through Defiance? The Albanian Civil Organisation 'Self-Determination' and International Supervision in Kosovo". In Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna; Ker-Lindsay, James; Kostovicova, Denisa (eds.). Civil Society and Transitions in the Western Balkans. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 95–116. Retrieved 2024-01-22.

    References

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    2. ^ Me mendje e zemër, deri në Vetëvendosje!
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