Dick Cheney
Dick Cheney | |
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Chair of the House Republican Conference | |
In office June 4, 1987 – January 3, 1989 | |
Leader | Robert H. Michel |
Preceded by | Jack Kemp |
Succeeded by | Jerry Lewis |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming's at-large district | |
In office January 3, 1979 – March 20, 1989 | |
Preceded by | Teno Roncalio |
Succeeded by | Craig L. Thomas |
7th White House Chief of Staff | |
In office November 21, 1975 – January 20, 1977 | |
President | Gerald Ford |
Preceded by | Donald Rumsfeld |
Succeeded by | Hamilton Jordan (1979) |
White House Deputy Chief of Staff | |
In office December 18, 1974 – November 21, 1975 | |
President | Gerald Ford |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Landon Butler |
Personal details | |
Born | Richard Bruce Cheney January 30, 1941 Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S. |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse | |
Children | |
Education |
|
Signature | |
This article is part of a series on |
Conservatism in the United States |
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Richard Bruce Cheney (
Born in
In
Cheney ended his vice presidential tenure as an unpopular figure in American politics with an approval rating of 13 percent.[13] His peak approval rating in the wake of the September 11 attacks was 68 percent.[14]
Early life and education
Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Marjorie Lorraine (née Dickey) and Richard Herbert Cheney. He is of predominantly English, as well as
He attended Yale University, but by his own account had problems adjusting to the college, and dropped out.[19][20] Among the influential teachers from his days in New Haven was H. Bradford Westerfield, whom Cheney repeatedly credited with having helped to shape his approach to foreign policy.[21] He later attended the University of Wyoming, where he earned both a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts in political science. He subsequently started, but did not finish, doctoral studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.[22]
In November 1962, at the age of 21, Cheney was convicted of driving while intoxicated (DWI). He was arrested for DWI again the following year.[23] Cheney said that the arrests made him "think about where I was and where I was headed. I was headed down a bad road if I continued on that course."[24]
In 1964, he married Lynne Vincent, his high school sweetheart, whom he had met at age 14.
When Cheney became eligible for the
In 1966 Cheney dropped out of the doctoral program at the University of Wisconsin to work as staff aide for Governor Warren Knowles.[28]
In 1968 Cheney was awarded an American Political Science Association congressional fellowship and moved to Washington.[28]
Early career
Cheney's political career began in 1969, as an intern for Congressman
White House Chief of Staff
Cheney was Assistant to the President and White House Deputy Chief of Staff under
U.S. House of Representatives (1979–1989)
Elections
In 1978, Cheney was elected to represent Wyoming in the
Tenure
Leadership
In 1987, he was elected Chairman of the
Votes
He voted against the creation of the
Cheney initially voted in 1978 against establishing a national holiday in honor of Martin Luther King Jr., but supported creation of Martin Luther King Jr. Day five years later, in 1983.[39]
Cheney supported
In 1986, after President Ronald Reagan vetoed a bill to impose economic sanctions on South Africa for its policy of apartheid, Cheney was one of 83 Representatives to vote against overriding Reagan's veto.[42] In later years, he articulated his opposition to unilateral sanctions against many different countries, stating "they almost never work"[43] and that in that case they might have ended up hurting the people instead.[44]
In 1986, Cheney, along with 145 Republicans and 31 Democrats, voted against a non-binding Congressional resolution calling on the South African government to release Nelson Mandela from prison, after the Democrats defeated proposed amendments that would have required Mandela to renounce violence sponsored by the African National Congress (ANC) and requiring it to oust the communist faction from its leadership; the resolution was defeated. Appearing on CNN, Cheney addressed criticism for this, saying he opposed the resolution because the ANC "at the time was viewed as a terrorist organization and had a number of interests that were fundamentally inimical to the United States."[45]
Committee assignments
Originally declining, U.S. Congressman
Secretary of Defense (1989–1993)
President
Cheney has said his time at the Pentagon was the most rewarding period of his public service career, calling it "the one that stands out."[51] In 2014, Cheney recounted that when he met with President George H. W. Bush to accept the offer, he passed a painting in the private residence entitled The Peacemakers, which depicted President Lincoln, General Grant, and William Tecumseh Sherman. "My great-grandfather had served under William Tecumseh Sherman throughout the war," Cheney said, "and it occurred to me as I was in the room as I walked in to talk to the President about becoming Secretary of Defense, I wondered what he would have thought that his great-grandson would someday be in the White House with the President talking about taking over the reins of the U.S. military."[52]
Early tenure
Cheney worked closely with
Budgetary practices
Cheney's most immediate issue as Secretary of Defense was the
In subsequent years under Cheney, the proposed and adopted budgets followed patterns similar to that of 1990. Early in 1991, he unveiled a plan to reduce military strength by the mid-1990s to 1.6 million, compared with 2.2 million when he entered office. Cheney's 1993 defense budget was reduced from 1992, omitting programs that Congress had directed the Department of Defense to buy weapons that it did not want, and omitting unrequested reserve forces.[36]
Over his four years as Secretary of Defense, Cheney downsized the military and his budgets showed negative real growth, despite pressures to acquire weapon systems advocated by Congress. The Department of Defense's total obligational authority in current dollars declined from $291 billion to $270 billion. Total military personnel strength decreased by 19 percent, from about 2.2 million in 1989 to about 1.8 million in 1993.[36] Notwithstanding the overall reduction in military spending, Cheney directed the development of a Pentagon plan to ensure U.S. military dominance in the post-Cold War era.[55]
Political climate and agenda
Cheney publicly expressed concern that nations such as
Cheney's views on NATO reflected his skepticism about prospects for peaceful social development in the former
Cheney persuaded the
International situations
Using
In 1991, the Somali Civil War drew the world's attention. In August 1992, the United States began to provide humanitarian assistance, primarily food, through a military airlift. At President Bush's direction, Cheney dispatched the first of 26,000 U.S. troops to Somalia as part of the Unified Task Force (UNITAF), designed to provide security and food relief.[36] Cheney's successors as Secretary of Defense, Les Aspin and William J. Perry, had to contend with both the Bosnian and Somali issues.
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
On August 1, 1990, Iraqi President
U.S. and world reaction
Cheney and Schwarzkopf oversaw planning for what would become a full-scale U.S. military operation. According to General Colin Powell, Cheney "had become a glutton for information, with an appetite we could barely satisfy. He spent hours in the National Military Command Center peppering my staff with questions."[36]
Shortly after the Iraqi invasion, Cheney made the first of several visits to Saudi Arabia where
On January 12, 1991, Congress authorized Bush to use military force to enforce Iraq's compliance with UN resolutions on Kuwait.[60]
Military action
The first phase of
After an air offensive of more than five weeks, Coalition forces launched the ground war on February 24. Within 100 hours, Iraqi forces had been routed from Kuwait and Schwarzkopf reported that the basic objective – expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait – had been met on February 27.[61] After consultation with Cheney and other members of his national security team, Bush declared a suspension of hostilities.[60] On working with this national security team, Cheney has said, "there have been five Republican presidents since Eisenhower. I worked for four of them and worked closely with a fifth – the Reagan years when I was part of the House leadership. The best national security team I ever saw was that one. The least friction, the most cooperation, the highest degree of trust among the principals, especially."[62]
Aftermath
A total of 147 U.S. military personnel died in combat, and another 236 died as a result of accidents or other causes.[36][61] Iraq agreed to a formal truce on March 3, and a permanent cease-fire on April 6.[36] There was subsequent debate about whether Coalition forces should have driven as far as Baghdad to oust Saddam Hussein from power. Bush agreed that the decision to end the ground war when they did was correct, but the debate persisted as Hussein remained in power and rebuilt his military forces.[36] Arguably the most significant debate concerned whether U.S. and Coalition forces had left Iraq too soon.[63][64] In an April 15, 1994, interview with C-SPAN, Cheney was asked if the U.S.-led Coalition forces should have moved into Baghdad. Cheney replied that occupying and attempting to take over the country would have been a "bad idea" and would have led to a "quagmire", explaining that:
[If] we'd gone to Baghdad we would have been all alone. There wouldn't have been anybody else with us. There would have been a U.S. occupation of Iraq. None of the Arab forces that were willing to fight with us in Kuwait were willing to invade Iraq. Once you got to Iraq and took it over, took down Saddam Hussein's government, then what are you going to put in its place? That's a very volatile part of the world, and if you take down the central government of Iraq, you could very easily end up seeing pieces of Iraq fly off: part of it, the Syrians would like to have to the west, part of it – eastern Iraq – the Iranians would like to claim, they fought over it for eight years. In the north you've got the Kurds, and if the Kurds spin loose and join with the Kurds in Turkey, then you threaten the territorial integrity of Turkey. It's a quagmire if you go that far and try to take over Iraq. The other thing was casualties. Everyone was impressed with the fact we were able to do our job with as few casualties as we had. But for the 146 Americans killed in action, and for their families – it wasn't a cheap war. And the question for the president, in terms of whether or not we went on to Baghdad, took additional casualties in an effort to get Saddam Hussein, was how many additional dead Americans is Saddam worth? Our judgment was, not very many, and I think we got it right.[65][66]
Cheney regarded the Gulf War as an example of the kind of regional problem the United States was likely to continue to face in the future:[67]
We're always going to have to be involved [in the Middle East]. Maybe it's part of our national character, you know we like to have these problems nice and neatly wrapped up, put a ribbon around it. You deploy a force, you win the war and the problem goes away. But it doesn't work that way in the Middle East. It never has, and isn't likely to in my lifetime.
Private sector career
Between 1987 and 1989, during his last term in Congress, Cheney served on the board of the Council on Foreign Relations foreign policy organization.[68]
With the inauguration of the new Democratic administration under President Bill Clinton in January 1993, Cheney joined the American Enterprise Institute. He also served a second term as a Council on Foreign Relations director from 1993 to 1995.[68]
From October 1, 1995[69] to July 25, 2000,[70] he served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Halliburton, a Fortune 500 company. Cheney resigned as CEO on the same day he was announced as George Bush's vice-presidential pick in the 2000 election.[71]
Cheney's record as CEO was subject to some dispute among
During Cheney's term, Halliburton changed its accounting practices regarding revenue realization of disputed costs on major construction projects.[75] Cheney resigned as CEO of Halliburton on July 25, 2000. As vice president, he argued that this step, along with establishing a trust and other actions, removed any conflict of interest.[76] Cheney's net worth, estimated to be between $19 million and $86 million,[77] is largely derived from his post at Halliburton.[78] His 2006 gross joint income with his wife was nearly $8.82 million.[79]
He was also a member of the board of advisors of the
2000 presidential election
In early 2000, while serving as the CEO of Halliburton, Cheney headed then-Governor of Texas George W. Bush's vice-presidential search committee. On July 25, after reviewing Cheney's findings, Bush surprised some pundits by asking Cheney himself to join the Republican ticket.[23][80] Halliburton reportedly reached agreement on July 20 to allow Cheney to retire, with a package estimated at $20 million.[81]
A few months before the election Cheney put his home in Dallas up for sale and changed his drivers' license and voter registration back to Wyoming. This change was necessary to allow Texas' presidential electors to vote for both Bush and Cheney without contravening the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which forbids electors from voting for "an inhabitant of the same state with themselves"[82] for both president and vice president.
Cheney campaigned against
Vice presidency (2001–2009)
First term (2001–2005)
Following the
On the morning of June 29, 2002, Cheney served as
Iraq War
Following 9/11, Cheney was instrumental in providing a primary justification for a renewed war against Iraq. Cheney helped shape Bush's approach to the "
Following the US invasion of Iraq, Cheney remained steadfast in his support of the war, stating that it would be an "enormous success story",[95] and made many visits to the country. He often criticized war critics, calling them "opportunists" who were peddling "cynical and pernicious falsehoods" to gain political advantage while US soldiers died in Iraq. In response, Senator John Kerry asserted, "It is hard to name a government official with less credibility on Iraq [than Cheney]."[96]
In a March 24, 2008, extended interview conducted in Ankara, Turkey, with ABC News correspondent Martha Raddatz on the fifth anniversary of the original U.S. military assault on Iraq, Cheney responded to a question about public opinion polls showing that Americans had lost confidence in the war by simply replying "So?"[97] This remark prompted widespread criticism, including from former Oklahoma Republican Congressman Mickey Edwards, a long-time personal friend of Cheney.[98]
Second term (2005–2009)
Bush and Cheney were re-elected in the 2004 presidential election, running against John Kerry and his running mate, John Edwards. During the election, the pregnancy of his daughter Mary and her sexual orientation as a lesbian became a source of public attention for Cheney in light of the same-sex marriage debate.[99] Cheney has since stated that he is in favor of gay marriages personally, but that each individual U.S. state should decide whether to permit it or not.[100]
Cheney's former chief legal counsel, David Addington,[101] became his chief of staff and remained in that office until Cheney's departure from office. John P. Hannah served as Cheney's national security adviser.[102]
Until his indictment and resignation[103] in 2005, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby Jr. served in both roles.[104]
On the morning of July 21, 2007, Cheney once again served as acting president, from 7:16 am to 9:21 am. Bush transferred the power of the presidency prior to undergoing a medical procedure, requiring sedation, and later resumed his powers and duties that same day.[105]
After his term began in 2001, Cheney was occasionally asked if he was interested in the Republican nomination for the 2008 elections. However, he always maintained that he wished to retire upon the expiration of his term and he did not run in the 2008 presidential primaries. The Republicans nominated Arizona Senator John McCain.[106]
Disclosure of documents
Cheney was a prominent member of the National Energy Policy Development Group (NEPDG),
Beginning in 2003, Cheney's staff opted not to file required reports with the National Archives and Records Administration office charged with assuring that the executive branch protects classified information, nor did it allow inspection of its record keeping.[109] Cheney refused to release the documents, citing his executive privilege to deny congressional information requests.
CIA leak scandal
On October 18, 2005, The Washington Post reported that the vice president's office was central to the investigation of the
In February 2006,
On March 6, 2007, Libby was convicted on four
Assassination attempt
On February 27, 2007, at about 10 am, a suicide bomber killed 23 people and wounded 20 more outside Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan during a visit by Cheney. The Taliban claimed responsibility for the attack and declared that Cheney was its intended target. They also claimed that Osama bin Laden supervised the operation.[126] The bomb went off outside the front gate while Cheney was inside the base and half a mile away. He reported hearing the blast, saying "I heard a loud boom... The Secret Service came in and told me there had been an attack on the main gate."[127] The purpose of Cheney's visit to the region had been to press Pakistan for a united front against the Taliban.[128]
Policy formulation
Cheney has been characterized as the most powerful and influential Vice President in history.[129][130] Both supporters and critics of Cheney regard him as a shrewd and knowledgeable politician who knows the functions and intricacies of the federal government. A sign of Cheney's active policy-making role was then-House Speaker Dennis Hastert's provision of an office near the House floor for Cheney[131] in addition to his office in the West Wing,[132] his ceremonial office in the Old Executive Office Building,[133] and his Senate offices (one in the Dirksen Senate Office Building and another off the floor of the Senate).[131][134]
Cheney has actively promoted an expansion of the powers of the presidency, saying that the Bush administration's challenges to the laws which Congress passed after Vietnam and
In June 2007, The Washington Post summarized Cheney's vice presidency in a Pulitzer Prize-winning[137] four-part series, based in part on interviews with former administration officials. The articles characterized Cheney not as a "shadow" president, but as someone who usually has the last words of counsel to the president on policies, which in many cases would reshape the powers of the presidency. When former Vice President Dan Quayle suggested to Cheney that the office was largely ceremonial, Cheney reportedly replied, "I have a different understanding with the president." The articles described Cheney as having a secretive approach to the tools of government, indicated by the use of his own security classification and three man-sized safes in his offices.[138]
The articles described Cheney's influence on decisions pertaining to detention of suspected terrorists and the legal limits that apply to their questioning, especially what constitutes
The Washington Post articles, principally written by Barton Gellman, further characterized Cheney as having the strongest influence within the administration in shaping budget and tax policy in a manner that assures "conservative orthodoxy."[141] They also highlighted Cheney's behind-the-scenes influence on the Bush administration's environmental policy to ease pollution controls for power plants, facilitate the disposal of nuclear waste, open access to federal timber resources, and avoid federal constraints on greenhouse gas emissions, among other issues. The articles characterized his approach to policy formulation as favoring business over the environment.[142]
In June 2008, Cheney allegedly attempted to block efforts by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to strike a controversial US compromise deal with North Korea over the communist state's nuclear program.[143]
In July 2008, a former
In his role as President of the
On February 14, 2010, in an appearance on
Post–vice presidency (2009–present)
The Washington Post reported in 2008 that Cheney purchased a home in McLean, Virginia, part of the Washington suburbs, which he was to tear down for a replacement structure. He also maintains homes in Wyoming and on Maryland's Eastern Shore.[147]
Political activity
In July 2012, Cheney used his Wyoming home to host a private fundraiser for Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney, which netted over $4 million in contributions from attendees for Romney's campaign.[148]
Cheney is the subject of the documentary film The World According to Dick Cheney, which premiered March 15, 2013, on the
Cheney maintained a visible public profile after leaving office,
Although, by custom, a former vice president unofficially receives six months of protection from the United States Secret Service, President Obama reportedly extended the protection period for Cheney.[160]
On July 11, 2009, CIA Director
Cheney has said that the
In May 2016, Cheney endorsed Donald Trump as the Republican nominee in the 2016 presidential election.[164] That November, his daughter Liz won election to the House of Representatives (to his former congressional seat). When she was sworn into office in January 2017, Cheney said he believed she would do well in the position and that he would only offer advice if requested.[165]
That March, Cheney said that Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections could be considered "an act of war".[166]
Views on President Obama
On December 29, 2009, four days after the attempted bombing of an international passenger flight from the Netherlands to United States, Cheney criticized President Barack Obama: "[We] are at war and when President Obama pretends we aren't, it makes us less safe. ... Why doesn't he want to admit we're at war? It doesn't fit with the view of the world he brought with him to the Oval Office. It doesn't fit with what seems to be the goal of his presidency – social transformation – the restructuring of American society."[167] In response, White House Communications Director Dan Pfeiffer wrote on the official White House blog the following day, "[I]t is telling that Vice President Cheney and others seem to be more focused on criticizing the Administration than condemning the attackers. Unfortunately too many are engaged in the typical Washington game of pointing fingers and making political hay, instead of working together to find solutions to make our country safer."[168][169]
During a February 14, 2010, appearance on
In a May 2, 2011, interview with ABC News, Cheney praised the Obama administration for the covert military operation in Pakistan that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden.[170]
In 2014, during an interview with Sean Hannity, he called Obama a "weak President" after Obama announced his plans to pull forces out of Afghanistan.[171]
Memoir
In August 2011, Cheney published his memoir,
Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America
In 2015, Cheney published another book,
Views on President Trump
Cheney has criticized modern Republican leadership.[178]
In May 2016, Cheney said he would support Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election.[179] In May 2018, Cheney supported President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran Nuclear Deal.[180]
He criticized the Trump administration during a forum at the American Enterprise Institute alongside Vice President Mike Pence in March 2019. Questioning his successor on Trump's commitment to NATO and tendency to announce policy decisions on Twitter before consulting senior staff members, Cheney went on to opine, "It seems, at times, as though your administration’s approach has more in common with Obama’s foreign policy than traditional Republican foreign policy."[181]
On the one year anniversary of the
Public perception and legacy
Cheney's early public opinion polls were more favorable than unfavorable, reaching his peak approval rating in the wake of the
- April 2001 – 63% approval, 21% disapproval
- January 2002 – 68% approval, 18% disapproval
- January 2004 – 56% approval, 36% disapproval
- January 2005 – 50% approval, 40% disapproval
- January 2006 – 41% approval, 46% disapproval
- July 2007 – 30% approval, 60% disapproval
- March 2009 – 30% approval, 63% disapproval
In April 2007, Cheney was awarded an honorary doctorate of public service by Brigham Young University, where he delivered the commencement address.[188] His selection as commencement speaker was controversial. The college board of trustees issued a statement explaining that the invitation should be viewed "as one extended to someone holding the high office of vice president of the United States rather than to a partisan political figure".[189] BYU permitted a protest to occur so long as it did not "make personal attacks against Cheney, attack (the) BYU administration, the church or the First Presidency".[190]
Cheney has been cited as the most powerful vice president in American history.[4][5] He has been compared to Darth Vader, a characterization originated by his critics, but which was later adopted humorously by Cheney himself as well as by members of his family and staff.[191]
As a result of Cheney having admitted that he "signed off" on the so-called "
In Jon Meacham's book Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush, published in November 2015, the 41st president, although also laudatory of Cheney, is in part critical of the former vice president, whom Bush describes as "having his own empire" and "very hard-line."[196]
The federal building in Casper, Wyoming is named the Dick Cheney Federal Building.[197][198]
In popular culture
- In Eminem's 2002 single "Without Me", where the lines "I know that you got a job, Ms. Cheney / But your husband's heart problem's complicating" refer to his health problems.
- In The Day After Tomorrow, the character Raymond Becker (played by Kenneth Welsh) is intended to be a criticism of Dick Cheney.
- In W. (2008), a biographical comedy-drama film directed by Oliver Stone, he is portrayed by Richard Dreyfuss.[199]
- In War Dogs (2016), where the line "God bless Dick Cheney's America" refers to his support of American military presence in Iraq.
- In Who Is America? (2018), a political satire series, Sacha Baron Cohen pranked Cheney into signing a makeshift waterboard kit.[200]
- In Golden Globe and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.
- In Mrs. America (2020), a historical drama television miniseries produced by FX, Cheney is portrayed by Andrew Hodwitz.[202]
- Bob Rivers did a parody cover called "Cheney's Got a Gun"[203]
- In an episode entitled "Dick Cheney" during the first-season run of the dramedy Patriot aired on Amazon Prime, protagonist John Lakeman shoots his rival with a shotgun while the two were conducting a duck hunt, referencing events surrounding the Dick Cheney hunting accident.
Personal life
Cheney is a member of the United Methodist Church[204] and was the first Methodist vice president to serve under a Methodist president.[205]
Cheney's brother, Bob, is a former civil servant at the Bureau of Land Management.[206]
His wife, Lynne, was chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities from 1986 to 1996. She is now a public speaker, author, and a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.
The couple have two daughters,
As of 2015, Cheney had a pet Golden Retriever named Nelson.[209][210][211]
Health problems
Cheney's long histories of
On September 24, 2005, Cheney underwent a six-hour endo-vascular procedure to repair popliteal artery aneurysms bilaterally, a catheter treatment technique used in the artery behind each knee.[217] The condition was discovered at a regular physical in July, and was not life-threatening.[218] Cheney was hospitalized for tests after experiencing shortness of breath five months later. In late April 2006, an ultrasound revealed that the clot was smaller.[217]
On March 5, 2007, Cheney was treated for
On July 12, 2008, Cheney underwent a
On January 19, 2009, Cheney strained his back "while moving boxes into his new house". As a consequence, he was in a wheelchair for two days, including his attendance at the 2009 United States presidential inauguration.[222][223]
On February 22, 2010, Cheney was admitted to George Washington University Hospital after experiencing chest pains. A spokesperson later said Cheney had experienced a mild heart attack after doctors had run tests.[216] On June 25, 2010, Cheney was admitted to George Washington University Hospital after reporting discomfort.[224]
In early-July 2010, Cheney was outfitted with a
This pump was centrifugal and as a result he remained alive without a pulse for nearly fifteen months.[231]On March 24, 2012, Cheney underwent a seven-hour
Hunting incident
On February 11, 2006, Cheney accidentally shot Harry Whittington, a then-78-year-old Texas attorney, while participating in a quail hunt at Armstrong ranch in Kenedy County, Texas.[235] Secret Service agents and medical aides, who were traveling with Cheney, came to Whittington's assistance and treated his birdshot wounds to his right cheek, neck, and chest. An ambulance standing by for the Vice President took Whittington to nearby Kingsville before he was flown by helicopter to Corpus Christi Memorial Hospital. On February 14, 2006, Whittington had a non-fatal heart attack and atrial fibrillation due to at least one lead-shot pellet lodged in or near his heart.[236] Because of the small size of the birdshot pellets, doctors decided to leave up to 30 pieces of the pellets lodged in his body rather than try to remove them.
The Secret Service stated that they notified the sheriff about one hour after the shooting. Kenedy County Sheriff Ramone Salinas III stated that he first heard of the shooting at about 5:30 pm.[237] The next day, ranch owner Katharine Armstrong informed the Corpus Christi Caller-Times of the shooting.[238] Cheney had a televised interview with MSNBC News about the shooting on February 15. Both Cheney and Whittington have called the incident an accident. Early reports indicated that Cheney and Whittington were friends and that the injuries were minor. Whittington has since told The Washington Post that he and Cheney were not close friends but acquaintances. When asked if Cheney had apologized, Whittington declined to answer.[239]
The sheriff's office released a report on the shooting on February 16, 2006, and witness statements on February 22, indicating that the shooting occurred on a clear sunny day, and Whittington was shot from 30 or 40 yards (40 m) away while searching for a downed bird. Armstrong, the ranch owner, claimed that all in the hunting party were wearing blaze-orange safety gear and none had been drinking.[240] However, Cheney has acknowledged that he had one beer four or five hours prior to the shooting.[241] Although Kenedy County Sheriff's Office documents support the official story by Cheney and his party, re-creations of the incident produced by George Gongora and John Metz of the Corpus Christi Caller-Times indicated that the actual shooting distance was closer than the 30 yards claimed.[242]
The incident hurt Cheney's popularity standing in the polls.[243] According to polls on February 27, 2006, two weeks after the accident, Dick Cheney's approval rating had dropped 5 percentage points to 18%.[244] The incident became the subject of a number of jokes and satire.[245]
Works
- Clausen, Aage R.; Cheney, Richard B. (March 1970). "A Comparative Analysis of Senate–House Voting on Economic and Welfare Policy, 1953–1964*". American Political Science Review. 64 (1): 138–152. from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017 – via Cambridge Core.
- Cheney, Richard B.; ISBN 0-8264-0230-5.
- Cheney, Dick (1997). Professional Military Education: An Asset for Peace and Progress. Directed and edited by Bill Taylor. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic & International Studies. OCLC 36929146.
- Cheney, Dick; et al. (with ISBN 978-1-4391-7619-1.
- Cheney, Dick; Reiner, Jonathan; et al. (with ISBN 978-1-4767-2539-0.
- Cheney, Dick; Cheney, Liz (2015). ISBN 978-1-5011-1541-7.
Notes
References
- ^ Cheney Holds News Briefing with Republican House Leaders, Aired on CNN December 5, 2000 Archived March 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Cheney Government in Exile Archived December 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
- YouTube
- ^ NPR.org. January 15, 2009. Archivedfrom the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- ^ a b Reynolds, Paul (October 29, 2006). "The most powerful vice-president ever?". United Kingdom: BBC News. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- ^ Cheney: The Untold Story of America's Most Powerful and Controversial Vice President, p. 11
- ^ "Richard B. Cheney – George H. W. Bush Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
- ^ "Prewar Iraq Intelligence: A Look at the Facts". NPR.org. NPR. November 23, 2005. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- ^ "Cheney Pushed U.S. to Widen Eavesdropping". The New York Times. May 14, 2006. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- ^ "Cheney offended by Amnesty criticism Rights group accuses U.S. of violations at Guantanamo Bay". CNN. May 21, 2005. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- ^ "Cheney at odds with Bush on gay marriage – politics". NBC News. August 25, 2004. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
- Boston Globe(Aug 25, 2004).
- ^ Friedersdorf, Conor (August 30, 2011). "Remembering Why Americans Loathe Dick Cheney". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 4, 2024. Archived November 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Gallup Organization. Archivedfrom the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ "Interview With Lynne Cheney". CNN. September 20, 2003. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2007.
- ^ "Bio on Kids' section of White House site". White House. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved October 23, 2006.
- ^ "Calvert Profile" (PDF). Lincoln Public Schools. May 15, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2006.
- National Archives.
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Bibliography
- Andrews, Elaine K. (2001). Dick Cheney: A Life in Public Service. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press. ISBN 0-7613-2306-6.
- ISBN 978-0385525183.
- ISBN 978-1-59420-186-8.
- Goldstein, Joel K. (August 31, 2009). Cheney, Vice Presidential Power and the War on Terror. Toronto: APSA Meeting Paper. SSRN 1450601.
- ISBN 978-0-06-072346-0.
- Goldstein, Joel K. "The contemporary presidency: Cheney, vice presidential power, and the war on terror." Presidential Studies Quarterly 40.1 (2010): 102–139. online
- ISBN 0-670-03299-9.
- ISBN 1-56584-840-3.
External links
- United States Congress. "Dick Cheney (id: C000344)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- US Department of State from the Internet Archive
- The New York Times – Dick Cheney archives