Victor Amadeus III

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Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
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Victor Amadeus III
Castle of Moncalieri, Turin, Savoy
Burial
Basilica of Superga
, Turin
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1750; died 1785)​
Roman Catholicism
SignatureVictor Amadeus III's signature

Victor Amadeus III (Vittorio Amadeo Maria; 26 June 1726 – 16 October 1796) was

Kings of Sardinia
.

Early life and personality

Prince Victor Amadeus with his father, portrait by Clementi

Born at the

Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach, who was also named Victor Amadeus, Duke of Aosta, but died in 1725. His education was entrusted to Gerdil Giacinto Sigismondo
, with a particular emphasis on military training. Throughout his life, he had a great interest in the state military, on which he lavished attention.

Order of the Annunziata, by Maria Giovanna Clementi
, c. 1746–61

As a young prince, he surrounded himself with intellectuals and ministers, many of whom would come to prominence in his reign. He was privately conservative and a very religious person, and, as a young boy, stayed far from public life. His father felt him to be unsuitable to hold power.

Good-natured but naive, Savoy was loved by his subjects for his generosity.[3]

Marriage

He married

Louis, Dauphin of France. The union was used to strengthen relations between Madrid and Turin having fought on opposing sides in the War of the Austrian Succession. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
ended the war.

King of Sardinia

Portrait of Victor Amadeus III, by Anton Raphael Mengs, c. 1773–80

When Victor Amadeus came to the throne in 1773 he started working on bureaucratic and military aspects of the reign. He was suspicious of anything innovative. However, he did implement several public works as well as paying a great deal of attention to his administration and armed forces. He approved and set up two new important cultural state institutions on the advice of the bourgeoisie and aristocracy alike. He started works of improvements in the port of Nice, and had dams in the Arce and the road of the Côte built.

At the outbreak of the

Battle of Mondovi (21 April 1796). On 26 April the French proclaimed the Republic of Alba
in the occupied territories. Two days later, with the Armistice of Cherasco, the republic was ceded back to Victor Amadeus.

He was forced to sign the

First Coalition against the French Republic. The terms of the treaty required him to cede the fortresses of Cuneo, Ceva, Alessandria and Tortona to France, and allow free passage of the latter's armies towards Italy. He was also compelled to cede Nice and Savoy
.

He died on 16 October 1796 at the

Castle of Moncalieri having suffered an attack of apoplexy. Victor Amadeus died leaving an economically damaged kingdom and two key provinces – Savoy and Nice – devastated, having suffered at the hands of French revolutionary forces. He was buried at the Basilica of Superga in Turin.[5]

Legacy

In 1786 Victor Amadeus III moved the remains of many of his ancestors and kinsmen to the

Società Agraria di Torino, which he created in 1785. His first cousin the Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
was named after him.

Arms of Charles Felix, King of Sardinia

Issue

The Family of the Duke of Savoy in 1760, Giuseppe Duprà
  1. Princess Marie Clotilde of France
    in 1775, no issue.
  2. Maria Elisabetta Carlotta of Savoy (16 July 1752 – 17 April 1755) died in infancy.
  3. Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence
    in 1771, no issue.
  4. Amadeus Alexander of Savoy (5 October 1754 – 29 April 1755) died in infancy.
  5. Maria Teresa of Savoy (31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) married Charles, Count of Artois
    in 1773, had issue.
  6. Maria Anna of Savoy (17 December 1757 – 11 October 1824) married Prince Benedetto of Savoy
    in 1775, no issue.
  7. Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
    in 1789, had issue.
  8. Maria Cristina Ferdinanda of Savoy (21 November 1760 – 19 May 1768) died in infancy.
  9. Maurizio of Savoy (13 December 1762 – 1 September 1799) died unmarried of malaria.[6]
  10. Antony, Electoral Prince of Saxony
    in 1781, no issue.
  11. Charles Felix of Sardinia (6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) married Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily in 1807, no issue.
  12. Giuseppe of Savoy (5 October 1766 – 29 October 1802) died unmarried of malaria.[6]

References

  1. ^ Rich. Elihu: Cyclopædia of biography, a series of original memoirs of the most distinguished persons of all times ed. by E. Rich, 1854, p 804
  2. ^ Campbell. John: The present state of Europe, London, 1761, p 341
  3. ^ Botta, Carlo: Storia d'Italia dal 1789 al 1814, 1837, Torino, p 105
  4. ^ a b Morselli. Mario: Amedeo Avogadro, a scientific biography, Springer, 1984, p 6
  5. ^ Bertolotti. Davide:Istoria della R. Casa di Savoia, Antonio Fontana, 1830, p 289
  6. ^ a b "Savoia". Retrieved 26 August 2010.

External links

Media related to Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia at Wikimedia Commons

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